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Four seasons of begonia, alias; four seasons, bells of the seasons, bells of the pork, and Begonia family, and Begonia are meaty herbal.Root fiber; erect stems, meat quality, hairless, multi -branch, multi -leaf.The leaf ovate or wide ovate, the base is slightly sloping, the edges are jagged and eyelashes, the two sides are bright, green, but the main veins are usually reddish.Origin Brazil.
The four seasons of begonia are the most common and most common types of begonia plants.The attitude is beautiful, the leaf color is delicate and bright, the flowers are clustered, the seasons are open, and the fragrance is slightly fragrant.People apply it to the layout of the flower bed, and the effect is excellent.With the emergence of some relatively heat -resistant varieties, the four seasons Begonia is likely to become one of the most important flower bed flowers in China. It has rounded, many flowers and dense flowers, and easy to match with other flower bed plants, long viewing periods, etc.Advantages are therefore more and more popular.Generally cultivated in spring and autumn.
Nickname
Belly meat, bellies, glass, four seasons, bells, melon seeds
Morphology
The four seasons of begonia are meaty herbs, 15-30 cm high; root fiber; ends of the stems, meat quality, hairless, multi-branch, multi-leaf.The leaf ovate or wide ovate, 5-8 cm long, slightly sloping at the base, jagged and eyelashes on the edges, bright on both sides, green, but the main veins are usually reddish.The flowers are light red or white, and a few flowers gathered on the axillary stems. The male flowers are large, there are flowers of the flowers, the female flowers are slightly smaller, there are flowers of flowers 5, the fruit is green, and there are red wings.
Another cultivation species: Maoye Mitang, Leaf Beni, Heart -shaped, about 20 cm long, died on a gross petiole, no division, there is an irregular silver -white ring Belt on it, purple -red below, hairy.The leaves are ovate, the leaf margin is irregular, and fine fluff is raw.The leaf color varies depending on the variety, with green, red, brown and green, and has the luster.flowers or armpits, male and female flowers, female flowers have inverted triangle -shaped sub -rooms.The colors are orange -red, pink, pink, white, etc. The flowering period can bloom almost throughout the year, but it is more prosperous at the end of autumn, winter, and spring.
variety
1. Four Seasons Begonia Emerald Series
Begonia of the Emerald Series is a generation of hybrid green leaf varieties, large leaves and thick green.Early, big flowers, flowers of about 2cm, have 6 colors and mixed colors.The plant of the Emerald Series is relatively close, and the height is about 15-20cm. It is the most popular family potted or flower bed flower in the market. It is the favorite variety of oxidative enthusiasts.
2,Four Seasons Begonia Angel Series
The angel series is the same as the Emerald series, which is a variety of hybrid green leaves, but the difference is that it is extremely early than other varieties. It is 1-2 weeks earlier.The flowering period is consistent.The base is well -branched and has a lot of flowers.It has continued flowers during its growth and has a strong adaptability to the climate. This variety can be planted in summer.The color is bright and colorful, with 10 colors to choose from.
3. Four Seasons Begonia Anqi Series
The Anqi series is a variety of hybrid copper leaf.The same product is the same as the Angel series described above, and the characteristics of the plant are similar to it.There are 6 kinds of colors optional. planting more in the flower bed with the angel series is one of the best combinations of landscape matching.
Suitable place
The four seasons of the bells of Begonia have long flowers, many colors, and rich changes. They are a flower with beautiful flowers and leaves.It is not only suitable for Outdoor cultivation such as gardens, flower beds, but also decorations such as indoor family Desks, coffee tables, cases and shop windows.
Effectiveness and role
Viewing value
The four seasons are beautiful, the leaf -colored oil is green, the flowers are exquisite and delicate, and they are widely popular. Potted viewing has been a thousand years.Several cases were placed in the cold season, and the interior was full of spring. It was placed under the eaves of the balcony in spring and summer, and it was more lively.
Both the four seasons are used as an indoor potted plant, and the greenhouses and universal rooms can grow.Because of its flowering timeBeautiful and delicate, suitable for the decoration of courts, corridors, cases, balconies, Conference table tables, restaurants and other places.
China cultivation four seasons began in 1912 and quoted from the United States in the 1930s. It was cultivated in Shanghai and Nanjing.Large -scale production has only begun in the 1990s.So far, demand has increased year by year, and seeds rely on imports.
The four seasons of Begonia are widely used internationally. In addition to potted plants, it is also a material for flower beds, cranes, planting tanks, window boxes and indoor layouts.The number and quality used in use quickly developed rapidly. Among them, in addition to potted plants in the United States, it was mostly used for flower bed appreciation and selected many new varieties with strong adaptability, heat resistance and humidity resistance.Denmark, Sweden, Norway and other countries in Northern Europe mainly produce high -quality potted ornamental types and exported Western European countries.Among them, Danish Danfield is famous for its production of bells of the four seasons.There are also a certain amount of production in the Netherlands, Britain and France.In short, the four seasons of Begonia in the European market are still relatively hot.Japan has a certain number of production, which mainly meets the needs of the domestic market.seeds are imported from the United States and Denmark.
Medicinal value
Base source of medicinal materials: The flowers and leaves of the four seasons of the begonia family.
Harvest and storage: It can be collected all year round, mostly fresh.
Chemical ingredients: dry leaves contain oxalate, extended marpenic acid, amber acid, and apple acid
Sexual flavor: bitterness; cool sex
Indications: clearing heat and detoxifying, main sore sore
Usage and dosage: external use, appropriate amount, fresh products.
Breeding method
illumination
The four seasons of begonias are the perennial herbal flowers and the Begonia of Begonia and Begonia.Sexuality is mild, the environment is moist, cold to resist, and is afraid of heat. It needs to be shade and cool in high temperature season. When the temperature is low in winter, the light needs to be sufficient.The four seasons of begonia can be directly shot in the sun in early spring. As the sunlight enhances, it is necessary to shade appropriately.
Humidity/watering
spring and autumn is born with a long period of vigorous soil that needs to contain more water. Watering should be timely and keeps moist.The requirements for watering work are "two more than two less", that is, spring and autumn are the growth and flowering period.Moisture should be more appropriate; the pot soil is slightly moist; in summer and winter, the semi -dormant or dormant period of begonias in the four seasons.Keep a slight dry state.The watering time should also be noted in different seasons. winter watering in winter is carried out in the sun around noon. Watering in summer should be carried out in the morning or evening. This temperature and pot soil are small, which is beneficial to the growth of the plant.The principle of watering is "not dry and not poured, drying through drying".
Begonia in the four seasons like a moist environment, but it is advisable to be slightly moist in the hot summer.Do not water it a few times a day or once a few days a day, and pay attention to observe the wet and wet conditions of the pot soil at any time. When you see the pot soil, you can water it. The amount of water should not be too much.The watering time is better around 9 o'clock. It is not poured as much as possible. Watering will be poured, but it cannot wait for it to be completely dry before pouring.
temperature
Due to the influence of temperature, summer and winter grow slowly, and the management of Fertilizer and water needs to be strengthened.In the high temperature season in summer, we must take measures to avoid strong direct light and cooling to create a small environment below 30 C to maintain the wet and wet soil.If too much fertilization, it will cause tenderness or rotten disease.In winter, the temperature can be safe and overwinter as long as it is kept above 10 C.In the management of summer and winter, if the temperature can be controlled below 30 C, above 10 C, the watering is suitable for watering and wetting.
soil
The four seasons of begonia pot soil can be mixed with a part of humus soil, a piece of river sand, and a snake and wood chips. This kind of soil is soft, nutritious, air circulation, good drainage performance.It will be tightly into a group, and it will not be skinned after watering.In addition, the humus soil itself can absorb more water, so that the potting soil is kept moist for a long time.
Fertilize
In the spring and autumn growth period, the principle of thin Fertilizer is needed, and it is mainly applied to the organic thin Fertilizer or inorganic Fertilizer soaking solution of rotten and odorlessness.In the seedlings of the seedlings, more nitrogen fertilizer is applied to promote the growth of branches and leaves; more phosphorus Fertilizer is applied during the current budding period, which promotes more flower buds. The flowers are bright and bright. If the Fertilizer is lacking, the plants will wither or even die.
The four seasons of Begonia are applied to 20%of the beancake water, rapeseed cake water, chicken, pigeon dung or human Fertilizer Fertilizer in the growing period of 10 to 15 days.When fertilizing, master the principle of "thin Fertilizer".If the Fertilizer is too strong or the Fertilizer that is not fully fermented, it will cause Fertilizer damage. If the leaves are scorched, the plants will die.After fertilizing, spray water on the plant with a watering pot to prevent the Fertilizer from sticking to the leaves and cause yellow leaves.Slowly growing summer and winter, less or stop fertilizing can avoid rotten diseases due to tenderness and weakening heat resistance and cold resistance.
Four seasons of Begonia's summer Fertilizer should be treated differently according to new and old plants.The new plant breeding in the fall of last year can be applied to the rotten thin cake Fertilizer water after each flower. It is advisable to be 1: 5 than 1: 5, twice a week, and can bloom again in two weeks.The perennial old plant or the weak plant, when the temperature is above 25 C, it needs to stop fertilizing, and fertilize it after the sky will be used to usher in the second flowering season.
Tingle
Another characteristic of the maintenance of Begonia in the four seasons is topping.It is the same as jasmine, rose and other flowers. When the flowers thank you, you must trim the residual flowers and topics in time to promote more branches and blooming.If you ignore the top pruning work, the plants are easy to grow thinner, the plant shape is not very beautiful, and the flowers are less.
Frequently problem handling
Way of breeding
1. Sowing method
East China is generally the most suitable in spring from April-May and August-September.The seeds should be discharged evenly on the fine mud in the pot (no need to cover the soil).Then suck water with water absorption of the pot pelvic bottom, and then cover a piece of glass in a semi -yin. After 10 days, you can germinate.The seedlings of spring can be blossomed in the fall.
2,Cuttings
It can be carried out all year round, but there are fewer branches after seedlings. Except for severe petal varieties, this method is generally not reproduced.
3. Subtraction
The old -fashioned plants can be divided into them and prunites at the same time to promote new side branches to form a intact strain shape.
Prevention and treatment of pests and insect pests
1. aphid
spring and autumn are the peak growing growth of begonias in the four seasons. If the plants are not ventilated and the environment is stuffy, aphids are prone to occur.This is a kind of blue -yellow or brown worm that is often spread on the tender shoots or flower buds on the top of the plant. It is stabbed with a needle -shaped portion to suck the leaf liquid of the four seasons, causing curling of the young leaves to shrink, which causes death.The method of prevention and control is mainly based on strengthening indoor ventilation.If you find insect pests, you can use a cigarette butt to soak in water. After soaking for 24 hours, you can spray it on the stems and leaves of the four seasons of the four seasons.Use a 50%liquid of 50%aphidal dilute emulsion, or 1,000 times the liquid of a 25%amine sulfur emulsion, spray the aphid and kill.
2. Red Spider
In the dry and high temperature summer, the four seasons of begonia are often attacked by red spiders.This is a red worm that usually absorbs liquid juice behind the young leaves, causing brown spots on the leaf surface.When the harm is more serious, the leaves will be yellow and fall off, affecting the blooming of begonias.Because the worm is small, it is difficult to find.But as long as the leaves are reversed and carefully look at it, you can see some red bugs, and sometimes you can find some silk -like nets.If the red spider spray water on the ground or use some spray to increase the humidity of the air to inhibit the reproduction of the red spider.If insect pests are not serious, they can remove the diseased leaves. If the number is large, it can use the content of 40%trichloro -drunk emulsion 2,000 times or the content of 50%sulfur phosphor lotion for 2,000 times solution for spraying.
3. Curly leaf worm
This kind of worm is very small, mainly because larvae will eat young leaves, causing the leaf rolls, and the plant growth is declining. It is not good for flowering. It only needs to add more examinations to this kind of pests and cut off the diseased leaves in time.
4, stem rot
The water and wet shape of the lower part of the rhizomes and stems appear, and if you don't pay attention, it will cause softening and rot.This is mainly caused by the wetness of the pot soil, so you need to master the amount of watering to prevent it.
The four seasons of the family cultivation are rare for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.However, the position of potted plants must be placed appropriately, placed in a cool and cool growth environment, and prevent infection of pests and insect pests by other Potted flowers and trees.
5. Devil disease
Lirus disease is one of the common diseases of begonia in the four seasons, and both flowers and family potted begonia occur.Mainly the base of the stem and the leaves near the soil.At the beginning of the onset, the infected disease of the stem of the near the soil surface was governance of dark spots, and it became tan rotten after expansion.Leaf infection is a dark green water -shaped circular spots, and brown rot is brown when invading the petiole.In the morning with high humidity, the chief of the diseased spots can be seen in white to light brown silk.The diseased strains are dying or rotten.The germs are overwintering in the diseased tissue or in the soil with a mycelium or fungal nucleus.Begonia split or cuttings cause wounds. When there is temperature at 20 to 24 C, the humidity is large or when it is rainy, and when the water is too much, the germs invade, which often causes the disease to seriously occur.
Control method
(1) Discover the disease leaves in time and strengthen ventilation.
(2) Earthless cultivation method.There are soil cultivation to promote the use of enzymes.Use organic quality or ponds, ponds, and river mud to prepare pot soil.
(3) To disinfect the soil with conditions, use a 40%five -chloride Fumei double or plant dual -powder. The dose per Square meters is 8g. Mix it with soil and put it for pelvis for later use.
(4) Spray 95%Green Hang No. 1 fine 3000 times liquid or 20%methyl phosphorphy oil 1200 times liquid, 50%liter wettable powder 1000 times liquid, potassium permanganate 1200 to 1300 timesliquid.
(5) After the onset, you can also use a 40%five -chloride Fumei double or sow dual -powder and fine sand with a fine sand with 1: 200 times. Each plant or per pot is 100-150g, once every 10 to 15 days.
(6) Use the cultivation of Harts Mold 0.4 0.45kg, add 50kg of fine soil, mix it and sprinkle it on the base of the diseased plant, which can effectively control the disease expansion.Begonia is sensitive to bactericides. Some new varieties need to be tried first before applying large -scale.
1. Applying Fertilizer: The four seasons should apply Fertilizer according to the growth of the plant's leaves and leaves during the growth period. Do not apply too much fertilization, otherwise the leaves will cause the leaves and affect flowering.Appropriate amount of phosphorus and Potassium fertilizer should be applied before flowers to improve flowering quality.
2,The main points of breeding: East China is generally the most suitable in the spring from April to May and autumn from August to September.The seeds should be discharged evenly on the fine mud in the pot (no need to cover the soil).Then suck water with water absorption of the pot pelvic bottom, and then cover a piece of glass in a semi -yin. After 10 days, you can germinate.The seedlings of spring can be blossomed in the fall.
3. Pruning essentials: Another feature of the four seasons of begonia is topping.It is the same as jasmine, rose and other flowers. When the flowers thank you, you must trim the residual flowers and topics in time to promote more branches and blooming.If you ignore the top pruning work, the plants are easy to grow thinner, the plant shape is not very beautiful, and the flowers are less.
4,The main points of watering: Water in morning and evening in summer, watering in winter around noon.Do not water too much, do not stagnate the soil, otherwise excessive humidity will lead to rotten roots, and the leaves will turn yellow.
5. Prevention and treatment of diseases and insects: Four seasons Begonia is prone to root rot and stem rot during high temperature drying.Watering should be controlled in a timely manner and sprayed with bacterial spirit prevention.The effect can be seen for a period of time.
Special Mic 
