Special Mic The prevention and self -rescue of the mudslides and self -rescue encounters the 8th escape skills when the debris flow is
Prevention and self -rescue of debris flow
Brief introduction
Mudslides are torrents formed by storms and floods that contain sand and rocks and soft soil mountains. Its area, volume, and flow of flow are large. Lirkeling is a small area of diluted soil mountains.It is composed of coarse and solid debris and is rich in sticky mud with powder sand and clay.Under the appropriate terrain conditions, a large amount of solid accumulation substances in the flowing water hillside or the ditch bed reduce its stability, and the solid accumulation substances full of moisture will form mudslides under their own gravity.Mudslides is a catastrophic geological phenomenon.Usually, the outbreak of the mudslides is sudden, fierce, and can carry huge stones.Because of its high speed, it has strong energy, which is extremely destructive.
The whole process of mudslides flow is generally only a few hours, and the short one is only a few minutes.Mudslides is a kind of natural disaster that is widely distributed in some countries around the world with special terrain and landforms. It is stimulated by water sources such as heavy rain, ice and snow melting, etc.The soil, water, and gas mixed flow between the flow of sand and the landslide.Most of the mudslides occur with the floods of the mountains.The difference between it is that the torrent contains sufficient amounts of solid debris and other solid debris. Its volume content is at least 15%and a maximum of about 80%, so it is more destructive than the flood.
The main hazards of mudslides are to destroy cities, enterprises, institutions, factories, mines, and villages, causing human and animal casualties, destroying houses and other engineering facilities, and destroying crops, forests and cultivated land.In addition, mudslides sometimes stain the river, which not only blocks shipping, but also causes floods.There are many factors that affect the intensity of mudslides, such as the volume, flow rate, flow, etc. of the mudslides. Among them, the influence of mudslides flow on the degree of disasters of mudslides is the most important.In addition, a variety of artificial activities have also exacerbated the role of this above -mentioned factors to promote the formation of mudslides.
Mudslides often occur in the canyon areas and the Earthquake volcanic area, and they are group hair.It is a torrent of debris and instantly erupted. It is the most serious natural disaster in mountainous areas.
Mudslide prevention
The prevention and control of mudslides should be based on prevention and control, to carry out prevention monitoring, publicize the knowledge of mudslides, and attach importance to preventing human activities that induce mudslides, protect the ecological environment of the mountains, and prevent problems before they occur.Carry out slope governance, do a good job of soil and water conservation, implement reasonable farming activities, and fundamentally solve the disaster of mudslides.engineering protection measures that are prone to mudslides areas are mainly:
Stability: Use drainage, blocking, slope protection, etc. to stabilize loose substances, slide bodies and slope residues;
Block: Set up a valley or blocking dam in the middle and upper reaches to intercept mudslides solids;
Ranking: Take a guide canal (groove) in the circulation section of the mudslides to make the mudslides smoothly down;
stop: Set up the silt at the place where the mudslides are exported to avoid blocking the river;
Seal: That is, the mountains and forests are returned, and the forest is returned.Forestance increases vegetation coverage rate.
8 escape skills when encountering mudslides
1. When encountering a strong rainfall in the valley, do not panic, do not escape in the direction of the mudslides.When encountering rainfall, the mudslides must be decisively judged to escape the safe path. If the path is vertically climbing on the hillside on both sides, the higher the climbing.Go downstream.
2. If you go out to travel along the valley, once you suffer from heavy rain, you should quickly transfer to a safe highland, do not stay too much at the bottom of the valley.Pay attention to observing the surrounding environment, and pay special attention to whether to hear a thunderous sound from the valleys in the distance. If you hear it, you must be highly vigilant, which is likely to be a sign of mudslides.To choose a flat highland as a camp, avoid as much as possible under the slope with rolling stones and a large amount of piles, do not camp at the bottom of the valley and river grooves.When you encounter mudslides, you should immediately discard the heavy travel equipment and luggage on your body to choose a safe path to escape, but the communication Tool cannot be discarded in order to contact the outside world for help.
3. Do not go to the ground when you encounter mudslides. You can escape from the sparsely growing trees. You can enter the dense area of trees to escape. Such dense trees can block the forward of the mudslides.
4. When encountering mudslides, do not choose to avoid under the steep hillside or on the tree climbing trees to avoid the flat and safe highlands to avoid the mudslides from collapsed and the hillside and trees are harmed.
5. Do not escape to a thicker zone when you encounter strong rainfall. Do not escape from the geological hardness. It is not easy to escape from the rock area without gravel.
6. When traveling as a car or a train, when you encounter mudslides, you should decisively abandon the car and escape. Hiding in the car is easily buried in the carriage to suffocate and die.
7. In the past, many people "love wealth and do not live", and there are countless cases of being swallowed by mudslides because of cleaning.If possible, bring more clothing and food when you escape.Due to inconvenient traffic in the landslide area and difficulty in rescue, most of the mudslides are cold weather, and they must prevent hunger and frostbite.
8. Don't think that areas that have just occurred in muddy flowing are safer. Sometimes mudslides will occur intermittently. If you are driving through the area where the mudslides just occur, you must be careful of the miscellaneous objects. It is best to detour a safe route.
Expert tips
1. Immediately climb on the hillside on both sides of the vertical direction with the mudslides.
2. The faster you run, the higher the climb.
Self -rescue and mutual rescue essentials
1. Immediately run at the high place on both sides of the river bed.
2. Climb the hillside on both sides of the vertical direction with mudslides.
3. Before Running, you must hug the trees on the river bank.
Not to
1. Escape downstream of the mudslides.
2. run along the direction of mudslides.
