Japonica
Points of japonica rice cultivation
1. Selection of land soaking
The growth ability of japonica rice is relatively strong, but you still need to choose soils with sufficient fertility and strong discharge irrigation capabilities, just like ordinary rice planting soil.Then work on the soil to work, turn it deep, apply sufficient base Fertilizer to improve the fertility of the soil.Then choose seeds with strong germination, full and full, and strong disease resistance to ensure planting benefits.And we need to soak the seeds before planting.According to the main prevention and control objects, the corresponding potion is used to eliminate the germs in the seeds, prevent pests infected, and increase the survival rate of japonica rice.
2. Cultivation management
When planting, we must plan different management points according to the growth stage of japonica rice.At the early stage of planting, pay attention to promoting early seeds, strengthen management after emergence, and do a good job of transplanting planting.In the middle period, the stems of the rice plant should be managed to manage the center of gravity, and promote the growth of strong ears and large spikes.In the later period, the root leaves are the main growth capacity, enhance the photosynthetic effect of the leaves, and improve the accumulation of photosynthesis.Promote the flowering of japonica rice, strengthen the growth ability of japonica rice, increase yield, and expand planting benefits.
3. Fertilization management
Before planting, we must apply sufficient base Fertilizer. The base Fertilizer is mainly rotten farmhouse Fertilizer, and the amount of usage is controlled according to the planting area.Then adjust the amount of Fertilizer according to the growth period of japonica rice.For example, when fertilizing the fertilization period, nitrogen fertilizer is the main, and then granular Fertilizer should be applied to meet the nutrients required for rice growth after pumping.When fertilizing, pay attention to flexibly adjustment according to the growth of japonica rice and weather.When the leaves of japonica are dull, they are weak, and the weather is better appropriately, otherwise it can be applied less or not.
4. Water management
The root absorption ability of rice after planting is poor, and the evaporation of water will be accelerated when the temperature is high and the air volume is high.Therefore, we must keep the field water level at about 4 cm after planting rice.After the rice returns in the youth, indirect watering is mainly used.When the rice is produced, the fields are put on hold to control the growth of the division and improve the permeability of the soil.Promote the stalks of stems and improve the ability of rice to resist.Water should not be too much. When the water is too much, pay attention to the drainage work to avoid roots and reduce the breathing effect of rice, resulting in insufficient yield.
Points of glutinous rice cultivation
1. Select soil
The glutinous rice comes from glutinous rice, so its planting method is similar to rice planting methods. Choose a piece of rice fields to carry out rectification of it. At the beginning, rough cultivation will be carried out at the beginning.The soil blocks are scattered and crushed, it is best to cover it and push the thin soil after farming.
2. Sowing seedlings
Put the seeds in the water for a while before sowing, then put it in The insulation box to germinate, or put the soaked seeds in a plastic film bag, tighten the mouth of the bag, place it in a cool place, slowly slowly, slowly slowSlow seeds will push and heat dissipate and germinate themselves.After germination, the seeds are evenly broadcast on the seedbed, and then the soil is covered with water, spread it on the ground, and wait for the seedlings.
3. Permail
Inserting seedlings means transplanting. When the seedlings grow to 8-10cm, the seedlings can be performed. The seedlings are collected into bundles to facilitate the transplant. When the seedlings are inserted, the seedlings are carefully inserted in the rice fields.Reasonable, should not be too wide and dense, excessive waste of land utilization, excessive denseness is not conducive to the growth of seedlings, and it will also cause glutinous rice to reduce production.
4. Field management
When the seedlings continue to grow, when the first stem festival is growing, it is called the division period. At this time, in order to ensure its growth and development, fertilization is often applied to make the growth of rice seedlings stronger.When the rice seedlings begin to pump, we must strengthen management at this time. It can spray Zhuang Sui Ling to improve its physiological functions, increase the chance of pollution and fertilization, and achieve the purpose of increasing production.
1. Choose high -quality Wheat varieties first, and plant planting before sowing.
2. Corresponding to the ground before sowing, it is generally machine cultivated land.
3. Sprinkle the Fertilizer, and the water of the land should be moderate when sowing.
4. If the water is suitable, Wheat can usually see the buds after seven days.
1. Plant corn to choose land first, and choose a plus, good breathability, and high soil fertility.
2. After selecting a good land, Fertilizer Fertilizer is applied.
3. Then process the selected seeds. After the seeds are treated, the seeds can be sowed. According to the 2 capsules of a pit, pour the appropriate amount of water after sowing.
4. Post -management needs to do a good job of fertilization, watering, weeding, and prevention and control of pests and insect pests.
Xiaomi plant
1. Plot selection
Xiaomi can be planted in clay and sand. To achieve high yield, stable production, and high -quality effects, good soil conditions are required to meet their requirements for water, Fertilizer, qi, and heat.Xiaomi is suitable for growing in slightly acidic and neutral soil. It is dry and afraid of waterlogging. Especially in the late fertility period, excessive soil moisture is prone to rotten roots.Therefore, it is advisable to choose a fertile loam or sandy loam with high terrain, convenient drainage, deep soil layer, and soft texture.
2. Reasonable rotation
Reasonable rotation can make full use of natural resources and soil geographical power, reduce the harm of diseased and Cordyceps, and increase the production of unit area.Although Xiaomi has no strict requirements for the previous work, it is not suitable for continuous making. Beans-Xiaomi is the best, followed by Sweet potato-Xiaomi, Wheat-Xiaomi, corn-Xiaomi, rapeseed-Xiaomi, etc.
3. finely neatly
The quality of the whole land directly affects the growth of Xiaomi sowing, emergence, and the entire fertility period.Through fine rectification, create a soil environment for Xiaomi to create water, Fertilizer, qi, and thermal coordination.
Before broadcasting, the quality standards of "early, deep, loose, shattered, and flat" should be reached to facilitate Xiaomi to make seedlings and roots."Early", after the previous crops harvested, the ground was prematurely rectified to improve the physical and chemical status of the soil; "deep", properly deepened the farming layer, about 20 cm depth;The soil balls are small, without large front straws and root pockets;
4. Selection of varieties
Different Xiaomi varieties have their own characteristics. In production, the varieties should be selected according to natural conditions, Levels of fertility, cultivation technology, stubble, and production use.Slope and two places should be used to use barren drought resistance; to cook porridge, you need to use a variety of small grains, good taste, and natural aroma.In short, the best varieties with high yield, high -quality, good commodity, and good taste.
5. seed treatment
Before sowing, selecting and drying the self -retained seeds is one of the important measures to improve the quality of the seeds and ensure that Miaoquan and Miao Zhuang.The first is to select seeds, remove the valley and impurities through wind or water selection.Followed by drying and drying the seeds for 1 D before sowing.It is recommended to use coating seeds, which has the characteristics of high seedling rate and good effect on the prevention and treatment of pests in the seedling stage.
6. Broadcasting early
It should be determined according to natural conditions, variety characteristics and stubble.spring broadcasts are generally sowing when the temperature of the soil is 10 12 in the depth of 10 cm; the summer sowing is sown in time after the first time it is closed.According to the farming system, variety characteristics, stubble mouth, etc., the amount of sowing is determined, and the principle of ensuring the whole seedlings is guaranteed.Excessive amount of Xiaomi has a small amount of seedlings that can cause seedlings to break the ridge, and the basic seedlings are insufficient; for too many, the seedlings are dense, the growth is slender, and the labor expenses are time -consuming.If the seed germination rate is high, the quality of the seeds is good, the soil is sufficient, the quality of the whole land is high, and the amount of sowing can be less. On the contrary, it should be large.The amount of seeding per hectare is 15-22.5 kg.The depth of the sowing is about 4 to 5 cm.
7. Reasonable secret
Reasonable dense planting is the coordinated development of the unit area to have sufficient number of seedlings (scores) and ears, ears, ears, and thousand -grain weights in the unit area.Purpose.
8. Science fertilization
During different fertility stages, the requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are different.Mainly Organic fertilizer, there are many types, such as human animal dung, compost, biogas, etc.15-30 T permed in the middle -class field, 45-75 t high -yielded fields, and sprinkled or applied evenly.Base Fertilizer, 120 ~ 150 kg of Urea per hectare, 600 to 750 kg of overlapping calcium phosphate, and 180 to 225 kg of potassium chloride.
Black rice cultivation points
1. Sowing seedlings
Black rice is different from other rice varieties. It is a temperature -sensitive variety. It is stricter to the climate when sowing. Generally, the sowing time is in mid -March, so as to extend its birth period.Before the high temperature comes, it has not had time to dump, which may cause production and quality to be affected.Before sowing, the seeds are treated with seeding and warm water.Choose a sandy soil field sowing with the convenience of the sun and the convenience of irrigation and irrigation. It is appropriately scattered during sowing, which is beneficial to cultivate strong seedlings. Generally, 4-4.5kg is sowed per acre of seedlings and 1.5kg sowing.
2. Reasonable transplant
When the seedlings grow to 15cm, transplantation can be performed. When transplanting, east -west, wide and narrow plants, and large seedlings with soil transplant. Pay attention to transplant density.It is no longer divided.The plant line distance is 10cm 22cm, which can increase the ventilation and light transmission between plants, and can also use field volunteers reasonably, which is conducive to strong plant growth and improved yield and quality.
Black rice has different Fertilizers at all stages at all stages. In order to increase its output, it is an important measure to increase the application of phosphorus and Potassium fertilizer in a timely manner.Phosphorus Fertilizer is mainly based on base Fertilizer, and the application of potassium Fertilizers can be used in combination with the first medium cultivation and weeding. In the later period, selective exhibition with the growth of the plants.In the pregnancy period, a small amount should be applied, and it is not appropriate to apply too much at a time. After the dumping period, the method of spraying Fertilizer can be applied to pursue phosphorus and Potassium fertilizer.good.In addition, pay attention to the application of calcium substances. Excessive calcium absorption of black rice will make the rice grains rough and affect the taste, so it should be applied less or without lime.
4. Try to use as little or pesticide as possible
Nowadays, the cultivation of rice pests in rice pests is mainly through pesticides, but pesticides will leave residual poison in rice. When these disabled amounts are small, they will harm less to the human body.The quality of black rice.Therefore, when the black rice is cultivated, try to use agricultural prevention and control measures, whether it is pests and insect pests, or other problems, to reach the purpose of eliminating pests and insect pests, and solving problems but not pesticide residual poisoning.In addition, black rice should be harvested in time. Once the harvest is late, it will affect the quality of black rice and affect the taste.
1. Selection of the ground
Buckwheat has strong adaptability and low requirements for soil. Many soil conditions can be adapted, but the best is the more loose sandy loam soil.Although buckwheat has strong adaptability, in order to better plant buckwheat and obtain high yield and stable production, it is still necessary to choose appropriate land to perform proper land to provide good conditions for the seedling growth of buckwheat.
The quality of the seeds directly determines the growth and final yield of buckwheat.The development of agricultural technology to this day, the cultivation technology of seeds has been perfect, and high -quality and strong high -quality seeds have been cultivated.When buckwheat planting, choose suitable high -quality seeds, and then treat seeds before sowing. The treatment of seeds can improve the germination rate, enhance life activity, increase the attributes of resistance and insect pests, and finally achieve the purpose of increasing production.When sowing, consider the soil affection and the climate environment, and choose the appropriate sowing time. The soba sowing time is in mid -to -late June.The sowing method should be determined according to the specific varieties and land conditions. You can choose the method of broadcasting, on -demand, scattering, etc., and use mechanized operations as much as possible to improve efficiency.
3. Fertilization
The growth cycle of buckwheat is relatively short, the growth rate is fast, and the requirements for Fertilizer are high. It is a crop that needs to be more fat.Overall, buckwheat has the most demand for Potassium fertilizer, followed by phosphate Fertilizer and ammonia Fertilizer. Different growth stages focus on Fertilizer and Fertilizer.Better nutrition.
4. Reasonable secret
Reasonable planting density has an important role in ensuring the ventilation and light transmission of buckwheat groups, strong single plants, increased light energy utilization of the group, and promote the increase in material accumulation and production.study on different cultivation density in Ningxia area, it was found that different cultivation density had a great impact on the amount, plumpness and yield of the single strain of buckwheat.The appropriate density can increase the number of single -strail grains of buckwheat, make the seeds full, increase the weight of thousands of grains, and increase the output.The appropriate planting density is conducive to the growth of buckwheat, increasing the growth rate of the group, the leaf area index and the optical pose, which is conducive to the increase of thousands of grain weight and the improvement of yield quality.
5. Field management
The most important thing in field management is weeding, irrigation and disease prevention and control. Fine field management also includes seedling management and flowering period management.Carry out effective measures to protect seedlings to ensure seedlings; weeding and removing weeds, loose soil; buckwheat is a crop that requires more water, especially the flowering and grouting period. It is necessary to ensure the irrigation conditions during this period;Following plants, the strong rate is low, do a good job of flowering period management, and assisted pollination.
Oats
Elementary points of oatmeal planting
1. seed treatment
Select the sunny weather before sowing of oats. Diminate the seeds for 2 to 3 cm thick, and plant for 3 to 5 days.The exposure can promote the premature germination of the seeds, increase the germination rate, emerge early, and kill the germs on the Skin's epidermis in ultraviolet rays in the sun, which can reduce the disease.Use a dual or bacterial soul of 0.2 % seedlings to prevent oatsqued black spikes and rust. In areas with severe underground pests, phosphoric sulfur or bephoan can be mixed with sulfur.
2. Sowing time
The early spring soil can be sowed when it thaws about 10 cm.The suitable broadcast period of oats is from March 25th to April 15th. The best broadcast period is before and after the Qingming, and do not exceed Gu Yu at the latest.According to precipitation, grabbing sowing is particularly critical. Grasping seedlings is a major measure to high -yield oats in dry land.
3. Sowing method
It is best to use mechanical sowing or artificial trenches for oats, which should not be sowed.The distance between the strip line is 15-20 cm, and the depth should be 3 to 5 cm. It is advisable to prevent replay and leakage. The seeding should be consistent and the sowing is uniform.The amount of sowing per acre is 10 to 15 kg, and the seeds can be reduced.
4. Pine earth weeding
If the oats come out of the seedlings, if it encounters rain and snow, it should be gently stabbed in time to break the board.During the entire fertility period, weeding 2-3 times, plowing soil weeding during the three -leaf period should be removed early, shallow, increase the temperature of the ground, reduce the evaporation of water, promote early rooting, quickly root, and preserve seedlings.Weed twice before pulling out, and weeds should be removed in time in the middle and late stages.The planting area is not large, and artificial weeding can be selected.When the planting area is large, chemical herbicides can be used. In the three-leaf stage, a 72%2,4-D butthodyne emulsion oil 60 ml/mu, or 1-2 grams/mu with 75%superstar dried float agentSpray it evenly when there is no wind and no dew.
5. Fertilization irrigation
The oats are divided into 25 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre in combination with irrigation.Oatmeal blooming periods can be used at 0.2 to 0.3 % potassium dihydrogen phosphate aquatic solution, mixed with 20 % Urea solution to pursue the root, 70 kg of spray solution per acre, and then sprayed again after 7 days to promote grouting., Improve the weight.Where there is irrigation conditions, if the spring drought is encountered, the oats were irrigated once to the segmented period, and the grouting period was permeable once.
Elementary points of barley
1. Selection
Symons are not very strict in planting land, which can be grown for general land, but it is advisable to plant the sun, fertile soil land and low -lying waterlogging land.The severe environment should not be planted.
Soak 24 h with warm water before sowing to facilitate germination; after removal, use 70%methyl beeobadin wettable powder or 50%multi -bacterial wettable powder at 0.5%of the seeds to prevent and treat black spike diseaseThe effects are 100%.After mixing, put the seeds in a cool place and store it (don't put it in the bag). After 3 ~ 4 d, you can use sowing.
2. Fertilization method and dosage
It is roughly the same as corn. It is advisable to use Compound fertilizer for about 20 ~ 25kg acres.It can be applied at one time, and it can be applied in two times (fertilization of bottom Fertilizer, fertilization when the plant grows to 40 ~ 80 cm), and the fertilization effect is better.
3. Sowing method
The sowing period is appropriate around May 1st. The planting method is basically the same as the corn.The line spacing is about 50 ~ 55 cm, the strain spacing is 15 ~ 20 cm, and the single plants are left in each hole; the plant spacing is 30 ~ 35cm.Sowing 3 to 4 capsules per acupoint, 2 ~ 3 kg per mu.If the seedlings are uneven, the lack of seedlings is less than 10%, which will not have much impact on the output.
4. Weeding
It is roughly the same as corn. It is closed and weed before seedlings such as ethyleine, 2.4-D fat, and moisture.Field weeding can first use broad -leaved chemical herbicides such as "wide hoe".
5. Artificial assistance pollination
Because Coix is the same plant, the same spikes, divided into female small flowers, male flowers, but unlike the strains, the female small flowers of the barley are mature first, and the male flower is mature. Generally, the pollination is passed by the wind.It is best to go to the barley to shake the germ stems from 9 to 12 am to make the pollen float out and make the female flower get pollen.
Diseases and insect prevention
1. Leaf disease
To harm the leaves, use 1: 1: 1: 100 times liquid liquid at the beginning of the onset, or 500 times liquid solution of the Demon Zinc 65%wettable powder.
Also known as the heartworm, spray pesticide prevention and control in time after discovering, it can be sprayed and killed by 800 to 1000 times of lotus oil.
1. Selection of the ground
Land selection: Sorghum roots are well -developed and well -absorbent. It should choose flat and loose and fertile plots to plant.
Land: The quality of the whole land is the key link to grasp the whole seedlings and determine the output. Before sowing, it must be fine and tidy, and the ground is rake and the rake must be fine.
2. Rotating stubble
Sorghum avoidance, reasonable rotation method is the key to the increase in sorghum production.The ideal stubble of the sorghum is the stubble of the Beans, followed by corn stubble, potato stubble, etc.The suitable lattice is preferably soybean stubble, or rotation with corn and valley.
3. Field management
Miao and fixed seedlings: Seedlings during 3-4 leaves after seedlings, and 5-6 leaves.When setting the seedlings, leave the seedlings, leave the seedlings, positive seedlings, and leave no double plant seedlings, and two stubble seedlings. You should also remove the miscellaneous plants to improve the purity and give full play to the production of good production.
Middle-cultivation: The sorghum seedlings generally cultivate 2-3 times, and the first combination of seedlings is carried out for the first time; the second time after 10-15D.
Limited irrigation: Sorghum water requirement is characterized by the seedling period of about 10%of the total water consumption period; 50%of the extraction period of the pregnancy;about.In order to ensure that the sorghum high production is stable, it should be focused on the extraction of the pregnancy period, and the flowering period and grouting period should be permeated in a timely manner.
4. Fertilization management
Fertilizer characteristics: Sorghum Fertilizer, very sensitive to Fertilizer response, strong ability to absorb Fertilizer, and different Fertilizers required for different growth periods.Better nutrients can promote large and full grains and achieve high -quality production.
Disease prevention
1. Black Sui Disease
Prevention method: This disease is transmitted through germs. Most of the germs spores overwinter on soil or residual plants.When planting, choose a variety with strong disease resistance, and then clean up the fields, especially the diseased residual plants, concentrate and burial, and then disinfect the soil. Reasonable rotation and refinement.If it is an individual onset, first remove the diseased plant and sterilize it with lime powder on the diseased acupoint. If it is a large -scale onset, the available agent can be sprayed and controlled.
2. Rusty
Prevention method: Similarly, spore bacteria overwinter or overwinter on soil or diseased plants. After that, the spores enter the seedlings of the seedlings and gradually spread into disease spots.Choose the variety of disease resistance, strengthen the management of Fertilizer and water, improve plant resistance, strengthen field management, timely clean up disease leaves and weeds, reduce pathogens, and spray for prevention and treatment of 1500 times liquid with wettable powder at the beginning of the onset.
3, sticky worm
Prevention method: In the evening, a pot of murder is started. In the evening, a pot of pots with seductive agents are installed in the field in the evening.Or in the spawning season in June, placed grass in the field to seduce adults to lay eggs, and then burn the grass to eliminate the source of insects.During timely weeding, reducing insect eggs, and using potions to prevent and control when the onset is severe.
Special Mic 
