Ancient Chinese celestial observation instruments

armillary sphere

Age: Western Han Dynasty

Function: Hun Tianyi is the general name of Hun Yi and Xiangxiang.Hun instrument is a kind of instrument that measures the sphere of celestial body, and the image is an instrument used to demonstrate the phenomenon in ancient times.

Existing location: Nanjing Zijin Mountain Observatory

Brief

Dynasties: Yuan Dynasty

Function: Measure the location of the celestial bodies.The structure and use of Jianyi are simpler than Hunyi, and except near the Arctic Star, the entire sky is unobstructed, so it is called Jianyi.

Existing location: Nanjing Zijin Mountain Observatory

Ritual

Age: Yuan Dynasty

Function: Observation instruments with direct projection methods are very intuitive and convenient.

Existing location: Beicheng Star Watching Terrace, Zhaocheng Town, Dengfeng City, Henan Province

Daybish

Dynasties: spring and autumn Period

Function: It is the instrument when observing the Japanese filmmark. It is mainly based on the position of the day shadow to specify the time or the number of times at that time. It was a more commonly used chronograph instrument in ancient my country.

Existing location: National Museum

Watt

Dynasties: 20th century BC

Function: It is a astronomical instrument that measures the length of the daily shadow. It consists of two components: "Gui" and "table".

Celestial body

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: The ancient name of "Xiangxiang" was an instrument used to demonstrate the phenomenon in ancient my country.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Discipline

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: Also known as the six -point meter or distance meter, it mainly uses it to determine the angle distance between 60 degrees between the celestial bodies and the diameter of the sun and the moon and the moon.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Quadrant

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Role: Astronomers usually use quarrels to measure the meridian height of the sun and planets, and then determine the star coordinates of the latitude, the zodiac angle and the observation location.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Equatorial latitude and latitude instrument

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: It is mainly used to detect the red meridians and redtties of celestial bodies.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Huangdao Jingwei

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: It is mainly used to measure the eczema and latitude of the celestial bodies and measure the twenty -four Solar terms.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Horizer Jingwei

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: It is mainly composed of four parts of the ground, the elephant limited ring, the column, and the spare mirror, which is used to measure the horizon coordinates of the celestial bodies.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Horizon

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: During observation, the lines of the lines at both ends of the celestial body and the horizontal surface are perpendicular to the center on the plane, and the horizon can be set.

Existing location: No. 138, Xizhimenwai Street, Xicheng District, Beijing

Dynasties: Qing Dynasty

Function: It is one of the eight large copper cast astronomical instruments made in the Qing Dynasty and an important astronomical observation instrument in ancient my country.It is mainly used to determine the scales of the celestial bodies, rookie, and true sun.

Existing location: Beijing Guguanxiangtai

Water Yunyi Elephant Channel

Dynasties: Northern song Dynasty

Function: Large automated astronomical instruments that are driven by leakage hydraulic, which integrates astronomical observations, astronomy demonstrations and time -reporting systems.

Existing location: China History Museum

Astronomical Telescope

Astronomical Telescope choice

getting Started

The brand suffixes such as Star Tron, Biguan and other brands are basically an entry-level Telescope. The price is 500-2000 yuan.The sky body is more suitable for beginners.

intermediate

The price of Cinda Xiaohei, Sirius painter, Mide NG90, etc., the price is 2000-5000 yuan. The optical performance and the stability of the bracket are not bad. Generally, it has an automatic star search function, which is suitable for amateur astronomical enthusiasts with some economic conditions.

advanced

Star Tron C8, 8SE, Cinda SC8, 16 -inch DOB and other Telescopes, the price is more expensive, more than 10,000 yuan, it is a weapon for observing deep space such as planets and nebulas, suitable for fever and professional astronomical enthusiasts., Worker.

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Astronomical Telescope accessories

eyepiece

In addition to the effect of astronomical Telescope, the Eyepiece cannot be ignored except for most of the objective mirrors or main mirrors.Choose proper eyepiece to use the performance of the Telescope as much as possible.

Sun filter

Based on parallel plane glass or synthetic resin, the filter plate with metal steaming electricity is installed in front of the material mirror, reflective lens barrel, or Schmida Casserin, as a light reduction.You can use large -caliber observation and do not hurt your eyes, but you should pay attention to the cutting of the filter board when cutting.

Filter

Planet observation with the filter with appropriate colors can increase the contrast on the surface of the planet, so that we can see more surface details.When observing the moon, medium -density filter can reduce the light of the moon, so that we can observe comfortably.

Baro mirror

Putting Baro mirror between the objective mirror and the eyepiece can increase the magnification.The usual Baro mirrors increase the focal length of the object mirror by double or 3 times to 5 times.This is a convenient accessory, but the cheap Baro mirror may affect the image.

Spare prism

The sclineing prism is to reflect the Telescope light shaft of the long mirror by 9 0 degrees with a prism.The larger Telescope will use the reflex mirror surface. One is lighter, and the second is better than the prism.

Star -seeking mirror

It is used to facilitate observer to find a low -twice Telescope used when observing the celestial bodies. First of all, it is necessary to adjust the Telescope with the light shaft of the star -seeking mirror to each other.Essence

Longitude and latitude instrument

It is a type that can move in horizontal and upper and lower directions freely.The structure and usage are very simple, but the tracking of the stars moved by the day and weekly movement is difficult. Two micro -movement rods are operated, otherwise the stars will run away from the field of vision.

Hoshino Equator Instrument

Tracking the celestial bodies that move due to the day and weekly movement, the simple method is to use the equatorial ceremony tablet, which is indeed much more convenient than the latitude and weft instrument.

The top ten astronomical Telescope in the world

1. Gana column large Telescope

The diameter of the mirror surface is 10.4 meters long, consisting of 36 custom mirror hexagonal components, and the installation requires accurate to a range of 1 mm.The establishment of this guy can be said to be burning money, and early investment is as high as $ 175 million.

2. Kak Telescope

Located on the top of Monakia, Hawaii, it is two exactly the same Telescope. They are composed of 36 mirror hexagonal components. The overall mirror diameter is 10 meters, each mirror diameter is 1.8 meters, and the thickness is only 10For centimeters, the mirror surface is highly accurate by active optical support system.

3. Large -scale Telescope in southern Africa

It is composed of 91 mirror hexagonal components. The overall mirror is actually effective in diameter of 10 meters.The Telescope can detect the weak light of the moon distance like a candlelight, and the Telescope was first put into use in 2005.

4. Hobbie Enley Telescope

It is composed of 91 mirror hexagonal components. Each mirror diameter is 1 meter, which is continuously sorted by a small computer control motor.The overall mirror diameter can reach 11 meters, and the actual available is only 9.2 meters.

5. Large dual -Tube Telescope

Large binocular Telescope is referred to as LBT, which is composed of two tightly adjacent 8.4 diameter Telescopes. They can work separately. When the merger work is like a single, larger Telescope.

6. 6 Telescope

The diameter of the Telescope is 8.2 meters, which is a optical/visual infrared Telescope. It has three characteristics: first, the mirror is thin, and the high -precision tracking can be achievedThird, the cylindrical observation room is used to automatically control ventilation and air filter to achieve the best conditions for the exclusion of heat flow.

7. The European Astronomical Observatory is a big Telescope interference instrument

Located on the mountains of Chile, Mount, Chile, consisting of 4 8.2 meters diameter Telescope, each one can operate separately, or forms a very large Telescope interference instrument.This combined astronomy observation can detect cosmic light 4 billion times more visible than the human body.

8. Gemini Telescope

The Telescope located in the northern hemisphere is coordinated with other Telescopes in Monakia, Hawaii. The Telescope located in the southern hemisphere is located on Mount Siro Parana, Chile.Place the Telescope in two hemispheres for easy observation of all -weather systems.

9. Multi -mirror Telescope

Located on Hopson Mountain, Tunson City, Arizona, it is an art -level building. It does not have the dome structure of the traditional observatory.Soon the Telescope cooled down, and then improved the observation efficiency.

10. Magellan I, II Telescope

Two Telescopes are 200 feet apart, located at the height of the Atkama Desert in Chile.The 6.5 -meter diameter mirror of the Telescope floats on a high -pressure oil film, and its friction is small, and even children can promote this 150 -ton Telescope.

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Daily full -food glasses

What do you do

Its core part is a lens and must use a professional light reduction or light reduction film.The light reduction sheet has materials such as metal membrane, polycarbonate, polyester fiber soft tablets and other materials.The ideal Solar light reduction has a maximum transmission rate of 0.0032%(three in 100,000). At the same time, ultraviolet and infrared rays should be effectively filtered.

How to do

Materials: 1 scissors, several double -sided glue, 1 copper sheet paper, 1 floppy plate, 1 pencil

Cut the floppy disk and cut it with scissors into three parts;

Paper folding back for later use;

Draw a 20mm*38mm rectangle of 20mm*38mm.

Use scissors to buckle the interior, and stick a circle of double -sided glue four windows and four windows inside.

Then put the removing things in the soft disk; there is a trick here, first tear off the double -sided glue on the side, put the plate on the side without tearing the double -sided glue, keep the windows all overwritten.Stick up;

Turn off the double -sided glue on the other side and press the two sides to tighten them;

Properly trim the surroundings to facilitate beauty.

How much

Generally, about ten yuan.

Astronomical/Star Guanzi Software

1. Virtual Astronomy Museum (Stellarium)

Calculate the astronomical phenomenon of specified time.The virtual astronomy museum is a more commonly used Tool for astronomical lovers. It is an astronomical phenomenon used in a computer. We can adjust the time and place in it, and then predict the astronomical phenomenon of the day according to the orientation prediction or calculation. For example, you have an astronomical Telescope.You have already seen the moon, you want to find Saturn for a day, but how do we know if there are Saturn Jupiter in the past few days?Virtual Astronomical Museum can do it.

2. Star map

If the virtual astronomy museum is a software predicted before departure, then this star map is used to refer to the astronomical situation at the scene. This is an application on the mobile phone. Apple Android has to download.AR mode, you can use your phone directly to see the star or constellation above your head.

3,Spacengine

4D simulation universe software.Strictly speaking, it is a game, a "Spacengine" on Steam.This game is an astronomical simulator made by Russia's astronomer and programmers combined with massive astronomical real data. It can be said to be the 4D version of the virtual astronomy museum because it has 3D simulation space and VR mode. We can call it first or third.Traveling in the universe.We can not only see some details of the planet, but also some planet's data.

4. Skyview Free

Intuitive and rich information, SkyView allows you to easily start watching the stars; no Wi-Fi or experience search stars, constellations, planets, galaxies or satellites, arrows will guide you to move forward; point your device to the celestial bodies or constellations, and then click to understandIts name and key fact.

5. Skywiki -The World of Astronomy at a Glance

From the daily planet movement to the full food, everything is an astronomical figure; read the latest space news from the source of NASA, and check the daily astronomical photos with information titles; see the upcoming incident, from the moon phase and the meteor rain to the planet connection, and and connect the planet, and and the planet connection, and and the planet connection, and and the planet connection, and and the planet connection, and also connect to the planet, and and the planet connection, and also connect, and connect the planet, and and the planet connection, and connect, and connect the planets, and connect, and connect the planets, and and the planet connection, and and the planet connection, and connect, and connect the planet, and and the planet connection, and connect, and connect the planets, and and the planet connection, and and the planet connection, and and the planet connection, and connect the planet, and and the planet connection.Add them to their personal calendar.

6. Lunescope Moon Viewer

This beautiful, focusing tools suitable for those who want to remain consistent with the moon; observe the moon from your position, you can use a 3D perspective to rotate or move according to time; get daily rising and landing time, phase, track data, Crescent and visibility percentage.