Principles of fruit trees pruning

When trimming the fruit tree, the fruit farmers should not be blindly carried out. They should follow the three principles of "trimming the trees, the shape of the branches, the combination of the length, the combination of length, and the combination of light and weight."Among them, "because the tree is trimmed and the branches are made" refers"Combination in length" means that when the fruit trees are trimmed, the factors such as plants and fruits should be considered. The trimming should be discussed from the long process.Mainly, the result of the trimming of the tree is mainly based on growth and results; "mainly light and weight combination" means that when pruning, especially when the young trees are trimmed, the amount of pruning should be reduced to avoid too much trimming too much pruning too much pruning.The phenomenon of plant growth and suppression occurred.

fruit tree trimming technology

Although the trimming of fruit trees is divided into dormant trimming and growth pruning, the purpose of the two pruning is very different (the pruning period is mentioned by the specific purpose of the two), so there is a large difference in the trimming technology.The specifics are as follows:

Trimming during dormancy: short -cutting, recovery, long release, sparse branches, etc.

Trimming during the growth period: buds, carving buds, removing cute, topping, clinging to branches, twisting, pulling branches, removing, and other branches.

Short interception (short shear)

1. What is short -cut

It is a part of the year of the year.

2. Short -cut effect

(1) Promote the growth of branches and expand the crown

The germination and growth of the buds under the short -cutting of the mouth is conducive to expanding the canopy.It is mostly used for the pruning of the central dry and extended branches, the main branches extend the branch, and the side branches extend the branches.

(2) increase the amount of long branches

The short -term sprout rate and branches are significantly increased, which is conducive to increasing the amount of long branches. It can be used for the cultivation of large and medium -sized branches and the adjustment of the branches, and the restoration of the tree.

(3) Short cutting can shorten the axis, shorten the distance of nutrient transportation, and help promote growth and update.

(4) It can enhance the top advantage.

Cut

1. What is shrinking shear

Cut to a part of many years.When the thicker cuts are cut, first cut or short, and then retract when the branches are weak. Such a trimming method composed of two cutting treatment is called shrinkage.

2. The function of shrinkage

The role of resurrecting and changing the growth direction of the branches is conducive to ventilation and light transmission and weakening the mother branches.

The promotion effect of shrinkage -is often used in the renewal of the resulting branches and the weak branches.

The weakening effect of scissors -commonly used for power regulation, control or weakening the auxiliary support branches between backbones.

For example: weak branches shrink cutting

The weakened branches are mostly a single branch extended branch.When shrinking, shrink to the back of the strong branches or can be raised by raising angle.

3. How to apply

The renovation of many years of auxiliary branches is the result branch group. As a result, the branches are renewed and updated, the length of control of the backbone branch, and the size of the crown.

Scrutiny

ScrutinyMeaningTheRemove the branches from the base.

Sparse cutting

1. Reduce branches and improve the light in the crown, which is conducive to promoting results.It is often used to remove competitive branches, upright branches, overlapping branches, cross -branch, etc.

2. Weaken the growth trend of mother branches.It is often used to regulate the balance between the backbone, stronger and more sparse, weak or less sparse.However, if flower buds, result branches, or invalid branches are removed, it will enhance the power of the overall and mother branches.

3. The wound formed on the mother branches can affect the transportation of water and nutritional substances. It can use sparse shear to control the upper branches and the growth of the lower branches to enhance the growth of the lower branches.

Scrutinyofapplication

Shutdles are densely sprouting, strong branches, and dense branches.For Wangshu and Wangzhi, you want it to ease growth and balance the branches.Remove the dead branches, diseases and insect branches, long branches, drooping branches and aging branches.

Long -term

1. What is long -sized

That is, the branches of raw branches will not be trimmed in the year, and the top buds are retained to allow the top buds to make branches.More use for young trees.

2. The role of long release

Proper long release is conducive to alleviating trees and promoting the formation of flower bud differentiation.

3. How to apply

Two upright branches, competition branches, and long branches cannot be released.

The golden mean branches, horizontal branches, and oblique branches can be long.

Tune

(Artificial changes in the growth direction of the branches)

1. What is Qu Zhizhi

Bend or change the annual or perennial branches, change its growth direction, and make full use of the space to promote the results of the tree.

2. The role of song branches

It can change the top advantage, ease the branches, increase the bud, reduce the power of the branches, increase the short to the number, which is conducive to the flowers. At the same time, it can also make full use of the space to make the branches evenly distributed and good light.

3. How to apply

The annual development of branches or perennial auxiliary branches, and branches can be tacitated to promote flowers.

Carving and multi -trail carvings

1. What is engraving and multi -ring carving

The horizontal cutting cortex is used to the wooden part above or below the bud branch, which is called engraving.

The multi -tract carrier is cutting a week on the branches with a knife or cutting ring for a week, and it can significantly increase the germination rate.

2. The role of engraving and multi -tract carvings

Before and after spring germination, carved injuries above the branches can prevent the top of the top nutrients from being transported downward, which can promote buds, branches and growth under the incision.

Wipe buds and sparse shoots

1. What are the scratching and sparse tips

Scratching buds: erase or cut it after germination.

Sparse shoots: For the densely growing annual branches, cut off a few from the base, that is, the dense new shoots are removed.

2. The role of buds

Select the best to go inferior, in addition to dense and leisure, save nutrients, improve light and improve the quality of retaining branches.

Tool and cutting

1. What is topping and cutting tips

Tool: remove the tip of young tenderness.

Cut the tip: also cut off the young shoot

2. The role of topping and cutting tips

(1) Promote the germination of side buds and secondary growth, and increase the amount of branches.

(2) Promoting the formation of flower buds is conducive to early results.

(3) Improve the fruiting rate.If the grape flowering period is top, it can significantly increase the seat fruit rate.

(4) Promote the enrichment of the buds.The new shooting of the new shoots that will stop growing in autumn can promote the buds to be conducive to overwintering.

Twist

1. What is a twist?

When the new shoot is not yet woody, the new shoots on the back, the competitive branches of extended branches at all Levels, and the temporary branches growing in the back, at about 5 cm at the base, gently reverse 180 degrees, so that the wooden and the skinny parts are affected by both the wood and the cigarette parts. Mild damage, but not broken.

2. The role of twisting

Promote the formation of flower buds.

Take the branch ()

1. What is the branch

In the long term of the new shoots, it is bent from the base to the top with the hand, hurting the wooden part, and the sound is not touched.

2. The role of the branches

You can open the angle of the branches, improve the bud rate of the branches, promote the formation of flower buds and medium short branches, and cultivate the results of the result branches.

3,Rotatingapplication

The main objects are more upright branches, competitive branches, auxiliary nursing branches, etc.

Ring peeling

1. What is ring peeling

It is peeling off the branches.

2. The role of ring peeling

The leather part is the main channel for organic substances along the entire plant.Circular stripping is used to temporarily interrupt the upper and lower transportation of organic substances to achieve the role of inhibiting nutrient growth, promoting flower bud differentiation, and improving the fruit rate.

3,Circular peelingprecautions

(1) Circle peeling time

Related to the purpose.Promoting flower bud differentiation should be carried out before flower bud differentiation, and the increase in the fruiting rate should be carried out before and after the flowering period.

(2) The appropriate depth of ring peeling

Cut until the wooden department.Too deep and easy to hurt the wooden parts will severely suppress growth.Seriously causes the ring to divest.It is no effect if it is shallow.

(3) Pay attention to protecting the wounds of the ring peel and prevent the harm of diseases and insect pests.

4. Circle peeling object

Wangshu and prosperous branches are carried out, and the weak trees and branches are not carried out.

Summary of fruit tree Revision

Talking about the fruit trees is very old, there are skills to master the laws.

First of all, use high -tech, keep the trimming time in mind.

In the spring, scratching the buds in summer, and the winter cut in the hat in autumn.

Cut the fruit trees in the four seasons, and it is expected to yield every year.

fruit trees should be trimmed five to see, and the plan is determined after watching.

At first glance, the trees should be appropriate.

Second, look at the variety of fruit trees, and the pruning method should be clear.

Three look at the age of the tree and small, and the trimming should be divided into young and old.

Fourth, look at the trees and weakness, and the weak trees are cut and ease.

Five views of flowers and less flowers, there are skills under the scissors.

The diseased and insects were cut first, and the main branch was the first.

Be careful when you stay, do not move casually.

Qiu went to Da Zhi the most secure and wound healing the safest.

If the main branch is left, there must be conditions, and you must look at it from the direction.

The main branches at all Levels are determined, and they are looking for large and small branches.

The inner hall is to be removed upright, and there is no light without light.

You can say the growth position, the scissors follow your head.

Don't bend the center of the center, always grow in the middle.

The main branches at all Levels are extinguished, and the side branches grow on both sides.

If you want to get a large and high yield, the identification of flower buds is Guan Jian.

The flower bud head is large, and the small pointed head is the leaf bud.

The flower buds are not obese, and the flower bud leaf buds are not like.

As a result, there were three types of branches, long and short and short branches.

Too dense places should be removed, don't cut short branches.

After cutting, take a closer look.

In this way, the trimming is relatively complete, and the low production capacity will change the high yield.

The specific trim is like a housekeeper.

The fruit trees are like a big family, and their children and grandchildren are melting around their knees.

Family rules are strictly associated with fruits, and the rules are chaotic.

As a fruit tree mediation person, mediation disputes.

Zhongan is better than the old ancestor, and his body is very upright.

The waist was weak and deceived, and the head was crooked and the shoulders were obliquely replaced.

Zhong Gan was born with his son, and the boss had three feet away from the ground.

The child is a few generations than the ancestors, and the figure is thinner than the ancestors.

If it is as thick as the ancestor, it will be more sparse.

The son arranged in an orderly manner and rose around the ancestral spiral.

The small pagoda type is a small pagoda.

The distance between the layer is opened, and there is light in the inner hall.

Brother is in the lower brother, and the brother will always give up the brother.

If the brother is bigger than his brother, the consequences must be terrible.

Brother was weak, and his brother was prestigious.

This behavior is terrible and should be removed from the base.

If the space is large, he can also keep him.

Rebelling his grandson.Peel at the base.

The son gave birth to a grandson, and his grandson had to control him even more.

You can't just ride the door or stand on the back of his dad.

Can't run side by side with dad, you can't stay at home.

Before and after, he lives in an orderly manner, and the brothers are orderly.

Living at the top of the top is high, and the body is Slim.

Once you get fat with your dad, you will also be driven away.

As a fruit tree pruning, the long and young are clearly ranked.

Mo regards his son as a grandson, and his brother and brother must divide it.

The grandparents were rowed well, and the trees were graceful with fruits.

If your grandchildren come to chaos, your fruit tree is finished.

The quality of the fruit is not good, so that you can wipe your tears after autumn.

I do nt know what to say, right?

1. Why do greenhouse greenhouses use Shading nets

1. Over -Shading effect

The Shading net reduces the intensity of the light in the greenhouse. The larger the density specifications, the better the Shading. The same specifications are better than silver -gray Shading.

2. Cooling effect

The temperature in the shed decreased due to the coverage of the shade net, and the cooling of the surface and soil farming layer was ideal. At 10 am -at 2 am, the temperature of the upper part of the greenhouse was 37-40 C, and the temperature around the surface plants was 22-26 C. The soil was soil.The temperature is between 18 and 22 C, which is suitable for crop growth.

3. Baoyao anti -strict rain

The evaporation in the shed decreases, the soil water content is higher than the dew, and the surface soil is moist.Because the Shading net can break down the rainstorm into drizzle, the free leaves are injured by heavy rain, and the soil is not easy to end. The gap is large and the ventilation is good.

Based on the above effect of the Shading net, many greenhouse vegetable growers generally choose to cover the Shading net in the greenhouse plastic film. In this case, the Shading effect is better, which is more beneficial for crop growth.

Second, the Shading net is placed inside the greenhouse or outside

1. When the Shading net is placed outside the greenhouse, because it directly blocks the sunlight outside the greenhouse, it makes its light calories not transmitted to the inside of the greenhouse, thereby achieving a certain cooling role while covering the light, thereby playing a certain cooling role, therebyIt is also more conducive to avoiding the radiation of strong sunlight, thereby reducing the impact of high temperature on vegetable growth.

2. When the Shading net is placed inside the greenhouse, the Solar light can still enter the interior through the greenhouse film, so that the heat will also be brought in, so this method of use will not change the internal temperature, but it can cover the Solar ray of the sunlight.The impact on vegetables is suitable for vegetables that require temperature but also want to avoid ultraviolet irradiation.

Only by mastering the correct usage method and clearing the different functions produced by different use methods can we play the role of the shade net to the point, which is more conducive to the good and rapid growth of vegetables, thereby bringing a considerable economy to the growers to bring a considerable economybenefit.

[Calcium, magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer] The role and purpose of calcium magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer chemical calcium, magnesium phosphate Fertilizer

Calcium and magnesium phosphate Fertilizer is a raw material prepared by phosphate and magnesium silicate minerals. It is melted at 1350 ~ 1500 c in electric furnaces, blast furnaces or flat furnaces.After becoming a product.Calcium and magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer, also known as melting magnesium phosphate Fertilizer Fused Calcium-Magnesium Phosphat (Fertilizer), is a silicon aluminate vitreous containing PO4 3-).The main ingredients include CA3 (PO4) 2. Casio3, MGSIO3.It is a variety of Fertilizers. The aqueous solution is alkaline. It can improve the acidic soil. When cultivating large seedlings, it can be used as a base Fertilizer. The plant can slowly absorb the required nutrients.

Calcium, magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer chemical formula

Calcium magnesium phosphate Fertilizer is a mixture, a variety of Fertilizers. The aqueous solution is alkaline and can improve the acidic soil.GB20412-2006 Calcium Magnesium Phosphorus Fertilizer

The role and purpose of calcium magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer

Calcium and magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer is gray-green or gray-brown powder, with a phosphorus content of 12%to 18%. The main component is that it can dissolve citric acid -CA3 (PO4) 2, and also contain elements such as magnesium and small silicon.Magnesium is beneficial to the formation of chlorophyll (the important component of chlorophyll molecules is C55H72O5N4MG and C55H70O6N4mg), and silicon can promote the growth of crop fiber tissue, so that plants have better ability to prevent inverted and pests.When cultivating large seedlings, it is effective as a base Fertilizer, and plants can slowly absorb the required nutrients.

How to apply calcium, magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer

(1) Most suitable for base Fertilizer.After calcium and magnesium phosphorus Fertilizer is applied to the soil, the phosphorus can only be dissolved by weak acids. It must be used through a certain transformation process to be used by crops.Generally, we must combine deep cultivation, and the Fertilizer is evenly applied to the soil to mix it with the soil layer to facilitate soil acid dissolving and the absorption of crops.

(2) High -quality Organic fertilizer mixed with high -quality Organic fertilizer with more than 10 times or more. The prepared Fertilizer can be used as base Fertilizer, planting Fertilizer, or dipped in seedlings.

[rice species germination] Points of rice seeds soaking germination technology point Points of rice seeds precautions precautions

The main points of rice seed soaking germination technology

rice seeds need to be exposed to planting for 2-3 days before soaking to improve the germination and germination rate of seeds.However, it is not advisable to grow on the cement floor and slate.When soaking, seed disinfection should be performed, and then soaking.rice seeds are soaked in water soaking. If you really need to be soaked in static water, you must be squeezed or changed at least twice a day.Generally, early rice is soaked for more than 48 hours, and medium and late rice must be soaked for more than 36 hours.

After soaking, the buds are mainly grasped, mainly at high temperature (35 C -38 C) breaking the chest, the temperature (25 C -30 C) long buds, low temperature (normal temperature) dry buds to practice buds.The temperature and water of the valley species are adjusted in the method of leaching temperature and covered with closed coverage, and the temperature and humidity are uniform in the inside and outside of the valley piles in the piles, which makes the buds and roots be consistent.The criteria for germination are half a grain of buds and a grain of root.

1,Expose

Select the seeds one week before the routine rice seeds soaking6 to 8 hours, then put the sun -exposed seeds in a dry and cool place to cool the heart to promote the breathing effect and enzyme activity of the seeds, which is conducive to improving the seed germination rate and germination potential;Bacteries attached to the rice shell.However, do not expose the hybrid rice seeds before soaking. After the exposure is seeding, the germination rate is generally reduced by 5%to 10%. The negative impact on the seeds with weak living power is greater.

2,Seeding

Select the seeds with water, remove the floating on the surface, and choose a full rice seeds to cultivate neat and strong seedlings.

3,Promote living water soaking

It is not easy for the planting time, it is best to useThe method of "daily immersion and night dew" is to soak the seeds during the day and remove it at night. It is best to put the seeds in the flowing water for 6 hours when soaking (if there is no flowing water for about 4-6 hours, it will be changed once every 4-6 hours).To eliminate the direct soaking of the old (old) for 48 hours.

Adopting intermittent soaking methods: the best time for conventional early rice soaking33-35 hours, more than 48 hours are not conducive to seed buds and germination rates.(The specific soaking time depends on the temperature and water temperature, and the seeds are used to suck water.seeds have suck water).Miscellaneous early rice should be used to decline, intermittently immersion method, and avoid continuous soaking for a long time.The process of rice soaking in rice is the water absorption process of the seeds. After the seed absorption, the activity of the seed enzymes begins to rise. Under the action of enzyme activity, the embryo starch is gradually dissolved into sugar, releasing the nutrients required for embryo roots, germ and embryo axis.When the rice seeds absorb water to the valley weighing 24%, the embryo begins to spare, saying that it is broken or dew.When the seed absorption reaches 40%, the seeds can germinate normally. At this time, the water absorption is the saturated water absorption of the seeds.When the amount of water absorption is reached, on the one hand, due to the water temperature of the soaking, the higher the temperature within a certain temperature range. The faster the seed absorption, the shorter the water absorption time.On the other hand, it is affected by rice varieties and combination types.Due to the strong activity of hybrid rice water absorption, the soaking time of hybrid rice seeds is shorter than the soaking time of conventional rice seeds.

4,Promote pharmaceutical soaking

It is recommended to use potion soaking, except for coating seeds.Water soakingAfter 6 hours, the bacterial spores attached to the seeds moved, and then the pharmaceutical sterilization was performed.At present, the commonly used potions are 25%fresher 2000-3000 times liquid (that is, 5 kg of 2ml of water, 4-5 kg of planting 4-5 kg) for 6 hours.Or use 500 times strong chlorine essence (2 grams of strong chlorine essence and 1 kg of water) for 6-8 hours, the disinfection solution should be higher than the surface of the seeds (do not change the water during disinfection), and then repeatedly rinse the rice seeds with water repeatedly.Rinse the residue solution.

5.Sprout

At present, many farmers like to put seeds in woven Bags to germinate, and even because the temperature cannot come, the seeds are exposed to the sun, which often causes burning buds.The best and easiest way is to use double -layer, disease -free, and moist sacks to germinate, put a layer of diseaseless straw on the ground, spread a sacks, spread the seeds evenly, and cover the other sack on it.Just pay attention to whether to add water.You can also put a sack or a relatively ventilated woven bag, and you can use straw to keep the insulation.After the valley species is heating, the control temperature is in35-38 C, the temperature should be piled up with too high temperature, and measures should be taken to improve the pile temperature.After about 20 hours, the grain can be exposed.The temperature is normal in mid -to -late May, and the daily immersion and night exposure method can be used to germinate normally without the need to add insulation materials.

6.Refining

Before sowing, spread out the germination of germination at room temperature to refine the budsSowing after 3 to 6 hours.Make valley species adapt to air temperature and improve the seedling rate.

7.Sow

After the grain species is dew, the temperature is adjusted toFrom 25 to 30 C, the temperature can be promoted to the roots. When the buds are half a grain of valley and 1 grain of the roots, the lower fields can be sown.

precautions for rice seed germination

1,Flip it every day when germination1-2 times, the temperature of the seeds is uniform, the temperature of the upper and lower, the temperature is uniform, and the germination is neat.

2,When germination, you must pay attention to temperature changes, prevent and control high temperature burning, exceed40 C seeds lose their germination.

3,seed85%broke the chest, reduced the temperature to 25 C, the buds and root length were controlled within 2 mm, and the plant was spread out.

4,After breaking the chest, proper water replenishment, pay attention to the ventilation and oxygen, you can urge the strong bud.

5.According to their respective production plans, the germination, sowing in a timely manner, and controlling the seedling age in3.5 Leaf age, prevent small seedlings in the early stage, and insert large seedlings in the later stage.

rice vinegar

When fertilizing the flowers, pay attention to the proper drop of rice vinegar in the appropriate liquid Fertilizer, which can eliminate the odor of liquid Fertilizer, because rice vinegar is weak acidic, which can neutralize the smell produced by some corrupt substances in liquid Fertilizers.

Orange peel

In the fermented Fertilizer, you can put some orange peel((Fresh or air -drying can be availableCure, Make orange Skin and Fertilizer.The use of a large amount of aromatherapy oil contained in orange Skin can reduce the smell of liquid Fertilizer, and the orange Skin is also a good Fertilizer after fermentation.

Liquor

Flower farmers often say"The taste of the potted water is strong, and the smell of liquor is extinguished."It makes sense.Adding some liquor in Fertilizer during fertilization can clearly remove the odor.In addition, flower friends can also make some Fertilizers without odor at home.

Use broken Bone Fertilizer

Many people who raise flowers at home use the shattered bones of chickens and ducks as flower Fertilizers.The specific method is to remove the bones for a day or two to remove the salt.

Then use the high -pressure cooker to add water and stuffy, stir it into a paste, and then add 20 % of the fine sand or ceda ash in it. After mixing it, a layer of dry soil is covered on the costumes and sprinkled some pesticides.

Then stamped and keep it loose and humid. After two or three months, the Fertilizer was fully rotten, and the Flower pots were effective and there was no odor.

Use yogurt, eggshell Fertilizer

Rinse the yogurt bottle with rice water((boxCureWashing water and shattered eggshells, then put it together7Day10God can become a kind of nutrients and Fertilizers, with high -ending of flower Fertilizer and no odor.

flowers who do not have time to make Fertilizers, when using ordinary liquid Fertilizers, can take the following methods to reduce the odor:

Qiaoli

Before fertilizing, reduce the amount of watering, dry the pot soil, and then irrigate the Fertilizer outdoors in the evening.Because the soil is dry, it will speed up the speed of the absorption of Fertilizer and reduce the exposure of Fertilizer.

Therefore, after the Fertilizer is penetrated into the pot soil, a small amount of water can be poured and the surface residual Fertilizer can be washed to the lower soil. This can eliminate the odor of the Fertilizer.It can also greatly reduce the odor.

Cover the soil after application

Place some Fertilizers with a strong smell in the container and sealed. After fermentation and rotten, dilute it with water10Use about it.After applying, cover the surface of the pot on the surface of the pot, which prevents the odor from volatile, but also maintains Fertilizer.