[Watermelon seed planting] How to grow watermelon seeds in watermelon seeds in watermelon seeds
How to buy watermelon seeds
The quality of watermelon seeds is the basis for achieving high -yield, high -quality, and high benefits.In order to ensure that the melon farmers buy good quality watermelon breeding, the following aspects of watermelon seed parameters are available for reference when buying:
The purity purity refers to the percentage of the seeds that are tested in accordance with the characteristics of this variety.In other words, the higher the percentage rate, the better the quality of the seeds.The purity of first -class watermelon seeds should reach more than 99%, and the purity of the second -level seeds should not be less than 96%.
The clarity and clarity refers to removing mixed objects, and the weight of pure seeds accounts for percentage of the weight of all tested seeds.The clarity of the first -level seeds should reach more than 99%, and the clarity of the second -level seeds should reach more than 96%.
Thousands of grain weight refers to the weight of a thousand watermelon seeds.Thousands of grains in different varieties are different, but the thousands of seeds of the same variety are basically certain.Under the standard moisture content, thousands of seeds reflect the fullness of seeds, and the quality of thousands of seeds with high weight is good.
The moisture content of the moisture content has a greater impact on the life and preservation period of the seeds.The water content of the seeds should be kept below 12%to 14%at room temperature.In other words, the lower the water content, the higher the quality of the seeds.
The germination rate seed germination rate refers to the end of the germination test, and the number of normal germination seeds in the prescribed date accounted for the percentage of test seeds for test seeds.The germination rate (%) = specifically the number of germination seeds/number of test seeds 100%within the specification date.The germination rate is one of the basis for determining the amount of sowing.The germination rate of first -level seeds should not be less than 95%, and the germination rate of second -level seeds should be more than 80%.
How to grow watermelon seeds
Sowing
Nutritional soil preparation: There are many methods of Nutritional soil, commonly used2/3Grass charcoal1/3Large soil that has not been planted, mix well, or sieve, or1/3Rotten Farm Fat Fat2/3Datian soil.Each soil plus2kgCalcium phosphate, use800Divopy Divisal Slutin disinfection, or fumigated with formaldehyde.
planting seeds and germination: available55Waste the temperature of the warm water and sterilize, and keep stirring until the water temperature drops to30Around .soak4After hours, clean the seeds, and then use a wet woolen wrap to tighten30Species germination around the environment around .
Sowing: Application one day before sowing800Petthonic cloth fluid is poured through the seedlings, and the seed buds grow to the seeds0.5cmWhen the left and right are sowed in the seedlings, the seeds should be placed flat, the sprouts are upward, and the Nutritional soil is covered up.1.5cmThick, use it800Domitobobadin solution is poured through the seedling plate, and the temperature remains25~30, to ensure that the seedlings are neat.The temperature remains after emergence18~28.Do not wet the seedbed.Early spring should prevent frost damage and ensure sufficient light.In summer, the seedlings should be prevented.
Cultivation technology
Fertility cycle
The full fertility period can be divided into four periods: germination period, seedling period, vines and results period.
(1)Germination period
Dependent from the seeds to the cotyle,,True leaves are revealed to be germinated.After the seedlings are unearthed, it is necessary to prevent long -term advancement to promote the development of roots and leaves.
(2)Seedlings
Display from true leaves5one6The leaf is the seedling period.This period is small, and good conditions should be given in cultivation to promote the root system and organ differentiation.
(3)Vine
Depend on5-6The leaf pumps began to open the vine period to the female flowers who stayed in melon.This period grows rapidly and has a large amount of growth.In cultivation, it is necessary to promote the growth of stems and leaves and form a certain nutritional body.At the same time, it is necessary to control the length to ensure the formation of the flower.
(4)Results
From the females of the flower -stayed area to the beginning of the fruit.It can also be divided into a fruiting period.3This period.
(5)Fruiting period
From the opening of the females of the melon festival to the beginning of the fruit.The optical product begins to enter the fruit.The cultivation mainly regulates the balance of nutrient growth and fruit development to ensure sitting melon.
(6)fruit strong and long -term
From the rapid growth of the fruit to the size of the fruit.This period has a large amount of fruit growth and the most absorbed nutrients. It is a critical period for forming production.The cultivation should be given big Fertilizer and large water to promote the rapid growth of fruits.
(7)Change period
The fruit size is basically fixed to the mature period.This period of sugar is transformed rapidly, and the appearance has the inherent color of the breed.In cultivation, premature stems and leaves should be prematurely aged to ensure yield and quality.
sowing
Watermelon open field cultivation is cultivation under the conditions of no protection equipment.Generally, the local cream has passed, and the ground temperature is stable in15It is the appropriate time for the exposure sowing around the C.The best time for sowing should also be determined according to the variety, cultivation season, cultivation method, and consumption season.generally3Sowing seedlings in the middle and late month,4planting in the middle and late months,6Start gaining listing in the end of the month; autumn watermelon7Sowing in mid -month,9Starting to be listed in the late month.
Foot -footed Fertilizer Fertilizer
To cultivate watermelon, choose soil loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, good drainage, sufficient light, and water -shaped plots; watermelon land should not be continuous, generally required4 ~ 5Once the annual wheel.Otherwise, the withered disease is serious; the previous works are the best crops such as rice, corn, etc., followed by vegetable crops such as potatoes, cabbage, etc., but it should not be selected as a melon -based vegetable watermelon disease.
Guatian must be deeply cultivated, and it is best to turn the ground in winter.In the plot that has been deeply cultivated or has a deep cultivation found2.4-3.0rice ditch(Trench width0Then, then5rice.Open up,,On the side of the noodle surface, the trench Fertilizer is applied, and the farm Fertilizer is applied per acre2500~3000Kg, add phosphorus Fertilizer15~20Kilogram,45%Compound fertilizer20~25Kg, borax2Kg, zinc Fertilizer1Kilogram.In order to prevent underground pests, a small amount of crystalline enemies can be mixed in the base Fertilizer.Cover the base Fertilizer gap and rectify the finally covering membrane, wait for sowing or transplanting.When opening the box, you should pay attention to the vertical of the van and the spring and summer wind. The trench surface of the van surface that blows into the side of the wind is convenient for the melon vines to be consistent with the wind.
Soak
1,Soak
Take the seeds before soaking1God, use the warm water that is not hot (about30Around ) Soaking6-8For an hour, then use a towel or coarse cloth to wrap the seeds and rub the mucosa on the seeds to prevent darning disease.1000Divide the methyltojin again4One hour, the general soaking time requirement is reached12In the hour, you can remove the softening of the seed Skin and rinse it with water to prepare for germination.
2,Watermelon seed germination method
Place the soaked seeds on the wet towel, cover the seeds on it, and put on a layer of wet towels, place it on30-35Get bud in the environment,72The hour is basically all out, germination85-90%Delosal can be sown.
Transplant
1,Bud Live
Open a depth of the base Fertilizer on the melon ridge8Centimeter ~10Cm shallow gap or acupoint, strain distance45-50Centimeter, sowing buds for each point1-2Granhes, (after drought once after water permeability) cover the soil2Centimeter ~3Centimeter, germination live broadcast2~3The sky can emerge;150Gich ~200gram.
2,Seedlings
Age30-35God, Gua Miao3leaf1The heart starts to transplant, plant distance45-50Centime450-500The trees are left and right, and the root water is poured after transplanting.
Field management
1, Middle farming, drainage
The middle plowing starts after sowing and seedling or planting seedlings. Generally, the combination of seedlings, loose soil, and soil cultivation should be carried out."Squat seedlings", Grow up to grow; grow in vines30Chase heavy Fertilizer before cultivating the soil.The fruit of watermelon is large, the output is high, and the amount of water requires large amounts. Pay attention to irrigation in the dry land cultivation, and the water field cultivation is particularly important.Emphasizing the drainage ditch around the gaps and fields should be connected to each other, and there is no water in the field after the rain. This is the basis for ensuring that watermelon is high and stable.Before the fruit matures6-8Sky stop irrigation to promote sugar transformation and increase sweetness.
2,top dressing
The basic principles of Gua Tian's topdressing areBesidesApply seedlings to Fertilizer, promote first and then control, apply the vine Fertilizer, sit on the young fruit, re -apply puffed melon Fertilizer.
(1)
Promoting seedlings are generally within one week or live seedlings within one week after the seedlings are transplanted4-5The leaf period is applied, and the Fertilizer effect of insufficient base Fertilizer or the Fertilizer of base Fertilizers has not yet been exerted.Generally, Urea per plant8~10gram(Or ammonium sulfur20gram., Cover the soil after fertilization.
(2)
It can be carried out before and after the vine, and usually grows in the seedlings40-60When centime, Urea is applied per acre10~12Kg, overlaphen phosphate8Kg, potassium potassium sulfur13Kg, or use per mu, use45%Potassium sulfate type triple Compound fertilizer18-22Kg, at the root of Gua25~30Cm or two plants are applied in the middle, and the ditch is deep10~15centimeter.Water over the soil after application to promote the absorption of Fertilizers.
(3)
The puffing period is the period when the watermelon needs the largest amount of Fertilizer in life. When the watermelon eggs are large, the root system is covered with all -crickets. Many farmers will apply puffy Fertilizer at this time. Because the Fertilizers are too concentrated, the root system around the Fertilizer point will burn the root system.Bad, at the same time, it is not conducive to the rapid decomposition and transformation of Fertilizers, which is very different from the characteristics of large water and large water in the watermelon puffing period.When the watermelon eggs are large, the foundation of the melon is30-45About centimeters of enclosure (key melon -stretched side) Putting dung water plus Compound fertilizer and Urea, and Compound fertilizer with no feces water8Kg, Urea4.5Kg, potassium potassium sulfur5Put the water after dissolving.The concentration of puffed melon should be light, and the Fertilizer is used to make the Fertilizer quickly play a role in the short term. Especially when the soil is relatively dry, it can get the effect of puffed melon.The leaf surface Fertilizer is performed later, adopted0.4%Potate dihydrogen phosphate solution every separate7-10Spray once, spray together2-3Second-rate.
3Branches
Watermelon vines are lush. If the growth melon is overlapped, it will not only affect the dense planting, but also delay the melon.Watermelon pruning methods generally include single vines, dual vines and three vines.Single vines leave only one vine each.Remove all the remaining vines. The method is simple. There are more plants in the unit area, but the single -plant leaves are small, the fruit is not easy to grow, and the output and quality are low.In addition to staying in the main vine or three vines, the two vines or three vines grow to the master vine.30At the time of centimeter, the two vines are selected to leave a strong side vine at the base. The three vines are left for two strong side vines as vines or preparation vines. The rest of the vines are removed. Most of them are used in production.When the watermelon is priest, it should be noted that the first pruning should be pruning in a timely manner.Generally the master40~50Centimeter, the side schedule15Start at cm, separate later3~5Once; the second is no matter what kind of pruning method is adopted, it is required to be carried out carefully before sitting fruit. Generally, no branches after sitting fruit, so that more branches and leaves provide nutrition for fruit growth.When the fruit begins to expand rapidly, to prevent nutrients from growing, we can make topping.
4Vine
Long30When centimeters, the whole vines should be performed to make it evenly distributed, and the vines are pressed with soil blocks on the section, which promotes irregular roots, fix the leaves, and prevent each other from Shading and being blown by the wind.5~6The festival was once, until the leaves were full of noodles.There are two types of vines: light pressure and dark pressure.In the rainy areas, the soil humidity is large. To prevent rotten vines, there is no need to bury all the melon vines into the soil. Only pressing the soil into the place, the interval is still exposed to the ground, called "light pressure".In order to promote the occurrence of indefinite roots, the rains and arid areas should be buried into the soil and called "dark pressure".In order to prevent the crispy tender melon vine, the whole branches and vines should be carried out in the afternoon.No matter what kind of pressure is used, it should be determined according to the growth of the plant.Those who are strong should take heavy pressure, diligence, and weak pressure and low pressure.Generally separated5-6Rowing pressure1Second, two places were pressed in front of melon.Stay before and after leaving melon female flowers2-3The leaves are not pressed to prevent stagnant water and rotten melon, or they are restrained when they grow up.
5, Artificial Assistance Powder
Watermelon is a gifted crop that rely on insects as a medium. When rainy weather or insect movement is less, it will affect the spread of pollen and not easy to sit on the fruit.In order to improve the fruiting rate and achieve the ideal saving fruit, artificially assisting pollination should be performed.
(1) Female flowers should choose well -developed female flowers on the main vines and side vines. The flower buds are thick, the sub -room is hypertrophy, the shape is normal, the color is tender and shiny.Female flowers on the side vines are reserved.
(2) The flower of the pollination time Watermelon flowers in the morning5~6Start loosening,8~10Time physiological activities are the most vigorous and the best pollution time.The pollination time is postponed due to the late flowering9~11hour.
(3) The pollination method uses the fresh male flowers that are open and loose on the day, pinch the petals in the direction of the flower handle with their hands, and then gently dip the male flowers on the stigma of the female flower.A male flower can be granted2~3Female flower.
6, Leave melon
Generally, the second and third female flowers are left.The precocious varieties can reserve the first to third female flowers. After sitting in the melon, choose a melon in the order of "two, one, and three".The second to fourth female flowers can be reserved in the middle and late maturity varieties.If the melon on the main vine is not sitting, you should leave melon in this order.Perfection1It is advisable to be melon.
7, Watermelon fruit care
In the stage of flowering and fruit development in watermelon, careful care of fruit is also a key link to improve watermelon production and quality.The measures for nursing are protective melon, pad melon, melon, vertical melon, sunflower, and gourd.
From the opening of the female flowers to the fruits, the tissue of the sub -room and the young melon is very delicate, and it is vulnerable to wind blowing, worm biting, and mechanical damage. At this time, it is covered with paper Bags and plastic Bags to cover the young melons.When the fruit grows1~1.5At the time of kilograms, the soil below the melon is smashed and flattened, placed on the grass or fine sand, that is, the melon.After turning the melon, constantly changes the fruit to the ground, so that the melon surface is uniform, the Skin color is consistent, and the cookedness is uniform.Turn melon is generally carried out in the middle and late stages of puff, every separate5~6Turn it once, it can be turned over2~3Secondly, the melon should be reduced when the handle of the melon handle is reduced when it is sunny.Do it in the same direction.A few days before the watermelon mature collection, the melon can be erected, and the fruit -shaped shape is good and the melon Skin is well -colored., fruit taste and poor quality.
The sun and lid of melon are based on the principle of "hour sun exposure and cooked".In the immature green peel, it contains a large amount of chlorophyll, and the optical products manufactured directly lost to the fruit, which promotes the accumulation of sugar, so it should be exposed.When the fruit is about to mature, the chlorophyll in the peel gradually decomposes.The photosynthesis declines, and the interior of the fruit is mainly the transformation of organic substances, not manufacturing and accumulation.If under the direct irradiation of strong light, it is easy to cause daily diseases. Therefore, when the fruit is about to mature, it must be covered with leaves.
8Watermelon ripening
When you need to go public in advance, you can use ethylene(Dichlorop phosphate phosphate.Make ripening.The processing method is that when the size of the fruit is long, when it is not yet mature(Xie Huahou25-- 29sky., Watermelon per kilogram of watermelon200The ethylene solution of milligrams is applied along the melon noodles around the evening1Every time, a small amount of neutral soap powder can be added to the solution to increase adhesion, and it can be harvested and listed in two days.The fruits of the treatment can be advanced than naturally mature3--5The sky supply the market, and the quality not only does not decrease, but has improved.
9, Disease and insect prevention
The main diseases of watermelons include withered disease, anthracnose, viral diseases, powdery, and epidemic. The main pests include small tigers, aphids, red spiders, yellow guard melons, melon maggots, and submarine flies.
(1) Disease prevention
Implement4~5The rotation of the year, the use of disease -free seeds, seeds for seeds100Polymarin fluid soaking30disinfection in minutes.The main prevention and treatment methods of fungal diseases: discover the timely removal of diseased plants, use lime or50%Lymine400disinfection.At the beginning of the onset, you can pour in the root cause50%Lymine500~1000Double liquid prevention.Promote watermelon grafting roots.Apply rotten Organic fertilizer and add phosphorus and Potassium fertilizer.5~7During the growth period of moon watermelon growth7~10Sky alternate use70%Tapo1000Double liquid,25%Polymorrhine500~700Double liquid,50%Daisen zinc1000Double liquid,1The1The200Double Bordeaux and other methods are controlled.
(2) The prevention of insect pests
For small tigers, melon maggots, and yellow Shougua melons, we can use more early spring and more rakes to destroy the insect eggs.90%Enemy cachines800~1000Divide the root or add a small amount of water to mix fresh grass and stir -fry cake Fertilizer.Red spiders, latent leaf flies can be sprayed50%music fruit1000Divide or spray80%Dwids of the enemy1000~1500Double liquid.
Special Mic 