How to make a Telescope by yourself

The Telescope is actually a Tool that looks closer to the distant objects.In order to realize this function, there is a device (objective mirror, also called a main mirror) on the Telescope to collect the light from the distant objects, and pass the light (image) to the focus of another device (eyepiece lens).Eliminate the image and pass to your eyes.According to the following steps, you can make a simple Telescope at home.

Simple self -made Telescope material

Two magnifying glasses -about 2.5--3 cm in diameter (if one of them is larger than the other, the effect will be better), a paper Tube -roll into a Tube with paper towels or gifts (a little growing a fewIt will be better), tape, scissors, a straight ruler, code ruler or tape measure, paper with content -newspapers or magazines.

Making steps of handmade Telescope

Take out two magnifying glass and a printed article.

Put a magnifying glass (the big one) between you and paper.The image on the article will look vague.

Put another magnifying glass between your eyes and the first magnifying glass.

Move the second glass back and forth until the printing content looks very clear.You will notice that the article looks bigger and is inverted.

Please help me to measure the distance between the two magnitude magnifying glasses and record it.

Cut a groove at about 2.5 cm in the front end of the paper Tube near the front end.Don't cut the roller.This slot can accommodate the larger magnifying glass.

Cut another groove on the paper Tube. The distance between this slot and the first slot is equal to the distance recorded by your friends.This is where the second magnifying glass is placed.

Put the two magnifying glass on the corresponding groove (large on the front, the small on the back), and fix them with tape.

Leave a rolling of about 1-2 cm behind the smaller magnifying glass and cut off the excess roll.

Use this Telescope to look at the paper printed with content to check whether it has made it successfully.You may have to spend some energy to determine the accurate distance between the two lenses, so that the image can focus.

You have made a simple refraction Telescope!With this Telescope, you can use it to observe the moon, some stars and things on the earth (such as birds).

The above is the method of making ordinary Telescopes. Let's take a look at how to make more professional natural Telescope.

Detailed explanation of astronomical Telescope DIY steps

Here I introduce to you the Cairple -style refracted Telescope that is easy to find. This type of Telescope is also the easiest to make. It does not have too high requirements. The field of view is large.In this society, it is relatively easy to find. Unlike the reflex, the concave mirror is not purchased from the manufacturer, it can only be made through its own hard grinding, and it may not be successful at one time.Our Telescope belongs to the entry level. It cannot be compared with those high -end, but it can also meet general observation requirements.It is still helpful for improving interest and knowledge of astronomy.

The first is the magnification rate of the Telescope, because it is an entry -level, in order to ensure the picture quality and clarity (that is, the resolution), we should not pursue the amplification multiples.Observation to the object is the humiliation of vision.Here I introduce to you a Telescope of about 30 times. It can clearly see the ring mountain on the moon. The largest planet Jupiter looks like a small disc. When the observation conditions are good, you can see it above it.The large erythema, as for Saturn halo, if your lens quality and handmade are made well enough, when the Saturn is large in the clear night sky, you can barely see something unusual around it, yes, that is, it is it itThe halo.

Astronomical Telescope production material

One piece of telephoto mirror, short-focus flat and convex (dual convex) lens 1-4 pieces, paper Tube (or rolling with paper by itself), glue, etc.

Astronomical Telescope mirror Making

First, the first is a material mirror. The caliber is about 50-80 cm at a caliber of about 5 cm. It mainly depends on what kind of focal length you can find. Theoretically, the larger the caliber, the longer the more focal length.It is better. This kind of lens is more difficult to find now. Unlike before, there are mail order kits. A lens with a caliber of 10 cm with a caliber of 10 cm is not a very difficult thing.It can be searched on the online shopping. Finding a lens with a focal length of 80 cm should not be difficult. My Telescope uses a flat convex lens with a diameter of 5 cm.Remember to be a flat -convex lens, dual -convex and new moon -type uneven lens, and the effect is very poor, mainly because the color difference and Qi change are very powerful.A combination of lens is generally between 1: 8 or 1:15, such as a lens with a caliber of 5 cm. Calculated by 1:15, 5x15 = 75 cm, our piece is 80 cm or it is okay or it is still possibleEssenceIf you press 1: 8, it is 5x8 = 40 cm, which means a lens with a diameter of 5 cm. The focal length is between 40-80 cm.The range of Telescopes that are too much will be very poor, just like you buy a magnifying glass with a caliber of 10 cm at a die shop. Its focal length is only more than 30 cm like this. Its proportion is far below the range of 1: 8There is only 1: 3, this kind of lens is not good. The image of the image observed is very powerful, unless you only plan to make a toy for children.

Astronomical Telescope lens production

The lens I use the whiteboard (thick paper) to roll the outer barrel, mainly to facilitate the installation of the lens barrel.allow.If your lens lens is also made by yourself, you can save this step, and just roll the lens lens to the same size as the diameter of the object mirror.The diameter of the objective mirror is 5 cm, and a 3 cm grating should be made, because it is not a chromatography differential lens. The color difference is still there. It can only be eliminated by sacrificing the caliber.If you spend hundreds of dollars from the Internet and get a lens with poor color eliminations, this grating can be saved, and it will not sacrifice the amount of light of the caliber.

Astronomical Telescope lens barrel production

I use some hard paper Tube to do it. You can go to the jet place to ask others.

The focal length of our objective mirror is 80 cm, and the length of the lenscin can only be about 20 cm shorter than the focal length. Because everyone's vision is different, we also need to make a mirror barrel to adjust to watch people with different vision.Generally, the hard paper Tube obtained in the workshop is relatively long. You can use a saw to see a short paper cylinder according to the focal length of the lens.

Astronomical Telescope eye mirror production

Next, make eyepiece. This kind of lens is the easiest to find everyone. You can buy almost on the ground. Here I use the amplifier of repairing clocks, because the eyepiece for this Telescope is the same.It is general. Of course, you can also use other lenses. The source of the lens is a variety of. Two two pieces of the focal length can form a composite mirror with a focal length of about 2.5 cm.The distance between the two lenses is two -thirds of the focal length of the single film. The focal length can be shortened to three -quarters of the original single -chop focal length. This ratio is seen in other books that make Telescopes, but according to my experience, let's take my experience.Two lenses directly ask about three millimeters, which can shorten half of the distance.

It is also very good to make a large magnification mirror. Its magnitude of the magnification is about 5 times. The focal length and the amplifier of the clock repair watch are about 4 cm.OK, but the magnification rate is small. If there is a single -block focal length of 3 cm, the lens is better, two pieces are fine, and the focal length can be about 2 cm.2.5 cm = 32 times. If the focal length of the eyed mirror is 2 cm, then its magnification is 40 times. If you get a magnifying glass with a focal length of 1 cm, the magnifying rate of this Telescope will reach 80 times.The magnification of the Telescope is that the focal length of the objective mirror is except the focal length of the eyed mirror is equal to the magnifying multiple. We cannot ignore the imaging quality for the blind pursuit of the magnification. In the same caliber, the higher the magnification, the darker the picture.Observation and watching the moon at night are okay. It is not necessary to see the stars. Even if your magnification is 200 times, it is still a small light spot in the Telescope.

Astronomical Telescope eye lens barrel production

Next, we want to make the eyewarbar, because we use the hard paper Tube of the inkjet material, and the lens barrel can only be rolled to the lenscin.The mirror barrel is done with about 250 grams of whiteboard cardboard (thick paper like kraft paper). It rolls a few layers to achieve a certain thickness. It feels like a certain strength.I usually roll 4-6 layers like this, because the whiteboard cardboard itself has a certain hardness, and it is convenient to curl. The rolled lens cylinder has a intensity and a little elasticity, which is very suitable.After the roll, you can make a light grid on the inner wall. It is best to make a few racks. According to the length of the lens barrel, I do a maximum of three, that is, a grating is made in a few centimeters in the diameter barrel.Reduce light reflex on the inner wall, so that observation is no longer affected by mixed light, and it has a great guarantee for imaging quality.Then make a eyepiece connection, which mainly inserts the eyepiece mirror to facilitate the replacement of different focal length eyepiece to form a different magnification.

Finally, use glue to stick the eyepiece to the diameter barrel.

Astronomical Telescope is made of front mirror

At this point, a Telescope is basically completed, but at this time, the scenes watched are upside down, which is upside down, which has little impact on astronomical observations, because the stars and planets are basically round, and it does not matter. If it is used during the day, it is used during the day.If you come to observe the scenery, it feels not so comfortable visually. At this time, you can make a positive mirror to improve this vision.It is positive, but the left and right are upside down, but this has little effect on viewing.The shell of the positive mirror is made of the corrugated paper of the packaging carton. It has thickness and a certain strength, and the materials are easy to find and easy to paste. A small mirror is sticking inside.Or the kind of disassembly in the slide, the average ordinary mirror is also fine, but it can only be used to watch the scenery during the day. It is not good to see the stars and the moon at night, because the coating is under the glass, and the glass has a certain amount of glass.Thickness, when the light is shot oblique, multiple reflexes occur between the silver -plated layer under the glass surface and the glass under the glass. The thicker the mirror, the more obvious the phenomenon of multiple reflexes. At this timeBecome multiple.This has an unnecessary impact on observation, so it is best to use the reflex mirror on the surface with silver or aluminum, and the mirror should be flat, otherwise the image will change.

After all the above were done, a Telescope was basically completed.

[Homemade Barbecue oven] Teach you how to make your own Barbecue oven homemade Barbecue oven

Homemade Barbecue ovenMethod one

1. Prepare materials

1 aluminum barrel of about 30 gallons

2 50 cm metal barbecue racks

1 metal barbecue thermometer

4 60 cm stainless steel penetration poles

1 metal water basin

1 electric drill and 3/8 inch drill bit

2. Production steps

1. Drilling hole

60 cm above the bottom of the barrel, drill four cavities of equivalence of equivalence; there are also four holes on the barrel lid, which are used as air circulation.Next, drill four eyes 30 cm from the bottom. If the length of the barrel is regarded as a watch, the two of them are at a position of 1 and 5 o'clock, and the other two eyes are at 7 o'clock at 7 o'clock.And 11 o'clock.Next, rose 20 cm in the horizontal position of these four eyes, and drill four eyes in the same way.What is made is a three -layer Barbecue oven: the following layer is used to put coal and charcoal, the middle layer of water is placed, and the top layer is put on the top layer.Finally, drill a hole in the middle of the barrel for insertion and placement of thermometer.

2. Smooth barbecue rack

Til the first barbecue rack into the barrel. Next, put the two stainless steel rods in the four holes of the second layer, and then put the metal water basin on it.The water basin can not only increase the water in the barbecue stove, but also catch the oil falling above.Then, the remaining two rods are interspersed from the upper four eyes, and then put the last layer of barbecue rack.

3. Observation temperature

Insert the thermometer in the eyes in the middle of the barrel.The ideal temperature is generally 200 to 300 degrees, so the control of temperature is very important."The faster the air flows, the higher the temperature of the fire", "air circulation is very important for barbecue."Therefore, when the temperature is too high, use the plug to block the hole of the air circulation. After the temperature is reduced, the plug is pulled out.

Such a self -made Barbecue oven is very simple.There is also a very convenient Barbecue oven in the market, which is a folding Barbecue oven.

Homemade Barbecue ovenMethod two

1Material selection

Generally, it is a food -grade empty bucket. Such a barrel is not as pungent as an industrial flavor like the oil barrel, which is suitable for barbecue.You can choose a honey barrel.

2Cut the bucket

After cleaning the empty barrel, use a sandplant machine to cut a large mouth on the empty barrel((One -thirdCureThen tighten the cut side and use a hinge.Used as a barbecue lid.

3, Production bracket

Six pipes can be used, two are used to support barrels, and four are used as barbecue brackets.It should be fully considered when making.

4, Make barbecue mesh

You need to buy it from the hardware store, it is best to use stainless steel products.In this way, it will be cleaner than the price when using it.Below the mesh shelf is the place where the charcoal block is placed. At this time, you also need to leave a mesh shelf to the charcoal block in a lower position in the barrel, so as to ensure the full contact between the charcoal block and the air.

5,handle

The difference between the oil barrel barbecue and the ordinary barbecue rack is that it requires a handle to provide a flip, and it needs to be used without heat transfer, such as a wooden stick.Finally, painting a layer of high temperature on the surface of the barrel can play a decorative effect and protect the use of barbecue racks.

1. Small rockery bonsai production Daquan

1. bonsai selection

In the production of small rockery bonsai, you must first choose the basin. The bonsai is very particular about the combination of the pots and the shelf. The pots are generally purple sand pots, disks, marble disks, stalactites "cloud plates", water grinding stone plates, etc.Most of the shallow plates commonly used in bonsai are rectangular or waist circular. There are four bottoms below. The edges are protruding and multi -edge along the plates to enhance the decoration, white or light blue, and can display the water surface.As for the furnishing pots, the material can be taken on the spot, creating several local characteristics.

2. bonsai design

Before the production of small rockery bonsai, it is necessary to determine which bonsai shape must be determined. According to the concept, the shape of the mountain is initially placed in the sand table.Note: The height and size of the rockery must be coordinated with the size of the shallow pot.

3. bonsai production

(1) Plastic piercing mountain body: first adjust the cement glue, pay attention to the consistency of the glue, and use it with the adjustment.

(2) Stone processing: Mountains that need to be adapted with hammer, chisel, sawing and other tools to process texture and strange shapes.

(3) Adhesive mountains: Painted with cement glue on both sides that need to be bonded to make the mountain stones consolidate into one, try to make the mountain stones not see the traces of the break.The pulp is cleaned.

4. bonsai maintenance

After the production of small rockery bonsai, learn to maintain. The flowers and plants configured in the rockery bonsai are small and delicate. Because the soil has a small water storage, it cannot withstand the exposure of the strong sunlight. It can only see the appropriate sunlight.Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the shade, especially in the summer, which must be maintained under the shade shed, otherwise, the moss of the flowers and trees will be dry, atrophy, and soil surface.

At the same time, exposure will also make the ornaments on the bonsai lose color, peeling, and break, making the entire bonsai lose the value of ornamental.The Outdoor management of the rockery bonsai should be screened for rains, and it should not be too fierce during watering. Otherwise, it will rush to the pot mud and affect the growth of the plant.

When giving water, it is best to use water spraying or watering methods. This is not only conducive to the growth of plants, flowers and plants, and moss, but also wash off the dust on the surface of the rocks to keep the entire mountain stone fresh and green and vibrant.

Tips: Water can be stored in small rockery bonsai, or it is decorated with pavilions, boat bridges, characters, and other non -structural parts. It is also equipped with trees or small plants. After art processing, Make the beauty of the mountains and rivers are concentrated, reproduced in the pot.

Second, small cement rockery production process

1. Positioning sample: Position samples according to drawings, models and on -site conditions.

2. Buried parts: The cast-in-law uses 70 100 6 embedded parts, with a spacing of 1.5-2.5m buried; the framework of the frame is 70 100 6 embedded parts, and the spacing is 2m buried.Before burial, the rust, oil stains, and paint on the surface of the concrete should be cleaned up. The burial parts should be reinforced firmly before covering, and the specifications, quantity, location and location and location of the embedded parts should be connected to the concrete steel bars.Buried depth should meet the requirements of the design drawing.

3. Something production: The main material is 50 50 5 angle steel. The secondary point is used at 30 30 3 angle steel to apply rust paint for rust treatment.The premium of the plastic stone Square skeleton, the spacing size of the skeleton corner steel is generally controlled: the horizontal spacing is 1.3m, and the vertical spacing is 1.3m.The connection is welded; and then the left and right stackers are performed according to the model to make the rigid shape of the rockery.

4. Steel mesh: The wire mesh used in cement rockery is generally the most suitable mesh and wire diameter of 6mm.After the production of the skeleton is completed, the steel wire mesh is made with 6 round steel. The steel wire mesh is controlled at about 18 18-25 625px. The natural shape of the initial convex and concave is shaped according to the model.

5. Tie wire binding: After the wire mesh is covered with the rockery, the wire with a specification of 3 1/4 (4 meters) is tied to the rockery skeleton firmly.

6. Plasma: Hanging cement mortar to form stone veins and wrinkles. The fibericity can be added to the cement mortar to increase the power of the surface and reduce the crack.The wire is bundled and is completed, and the grassroots plastering is used with concrete mortar, with a thickness of about 1-37.5px; after the first completion, the second placement is performed with a thickness of about 37.5px.After the two layers of plastering of the rockery are completed, the wipes of the mortar inside the rockery in a timely manner are about 25px.The detailed operation steps are as follows:

(1) 1: 1.5 Composite cement mortar is scraped and covered with the steel wire mesh. The thickness is about 1cm. After full, it needs to be maintained for 2 days.

(2) 1: 2 ordinary cement mortar supplementary sewing.

(3) 1: 1.5 ordinary cement mortar plastic fake mountain texture. The artwork uses a variety of craftsmanship and other techniques to make fake mountain texture, which is about 2cm thick.maintenance after completion for 3 days.

(4) 1: 3 ordinary cement mortar repair texture and cracks.

7. Style: According to the model and the material of the mountain stone, the shape of the plastic stone rockery is shaped to shape the stone veins and stripes.The texture, color, texture and surface characteristics of the stone are carved on the surface of the plastic stone.According to the design requirements, the texture and color are mortar with stone powder and color powder with white cement or ordinary Flour according to the appropriate proportion, and treat plastic facial methods such as rough, Smooth, and hair.The shaping of texture, generally speaking, straight lines and stones supplemented by horizontal patterns are more able to express a steep and upright posture; mountain stones that are mainly horizontal and unsuited by straight lines are more expressive and bold.Comprehensive patterns of mountains and stones are more deep and magnificent.In order to enhance the natural and authenticity of mountain stones, in addition to the texture of texture, the natural characteristics of mountains and stones must be made, such as seams, holes, holes, rot, cracks, faults, displacement, etc.Generally speaking, the texture of the texture should be used to summarize the simplified refining; the processing of natural characteristics should be carefully carved with the "gongbi" method.

8. Coloring: According to the position of the plastic mountain stones, choose the appropriate iron oxide pigment for modulation and coloring.When the plastic stone water is not dry, the basic color calls the pigment powder and cement with water and mix well, and sprinkle the stain layer by layer.The coloring steps are as follows:

(1) The closed back color is blocked.

(2) Once color (3 layers).

(3) Two -color replenishment (dark color).

(4) Spray surface oil sealing color.Slightly darker tones are sprinkled slightly in the stone seam holes or the corners. When the plastic stone is 90 % dry, a little green, black or white and other sparse spots are sprinkled on the depression to enhance the three -dimensional and natural sense.

9, noodle oil: noodle oil can maintain the luster of stones to avoid the oxidation and weathering of stone Skin.Common use of maintenance oils include Vaselin, oil wax, light wax, etc., dipped in wax with gauze, and lightly wipe it lightly.

10. Rocket maintenance: Start maintenance after the cement is first condensed. It should be covered with hemp pockets, grass curtains and other materials to avoid direct sunlight and sprinkle water every 2-3 hours.Pay attention to lightly when sprinkled water, and cannot shoot.The maintenance period is not less than half a month. When the temperature is lower than 5 C, sprinkle water should be stopped. Anti -frozen measures, such as covering straw, grass curtains, grass Bags, etc.

How to make homemade Outdoor folding tables

The outdoor folding table is light and portable, which is very suitable for outdoor activities. Now there are many Outdoor folding tables on the Internet. If you have a strong hands -on ability, you can also make an outdoor folding table yourself.Here are some ways to make several Outdoor folding tables:

Practice

1. Prepare the production materials and tools: wooden boards, electric diamonds, saws, tape measures, live pages hinges, nylon ropes, right corners, hammers, nails.

2. Cut the wooden board, use nails to set up a right -angle arched bracket with a nail, and insert a beam board at the middle height of the two standing feet of the bracket.

3. Make four shelf wooden frames, screw screws, and connect the shelf brackets through the live pages.

4. Drill the hole in the middle of the beam board. After entering the nylon rope, knots both ends of the rope head.

5. A pair of shelf desk brackets that are completed can usually be folded. When used, open a wooden board on it, which is a simple folding small table.

Two Practice

1. First make a small shelf in the rear.

2. Care on the desktop legs on both sides. Pay attention to the hollow and cut style of the table legs.

3. Fix the side plates of the table legs and the shelves with long hinges, and test whether it can be retracted freely.

4. Finally, the desktop and shelves beam are chain with long hinge (the reason why the side plate hinge is installed first and then installed the desktop to wrap the desktop legs).

Three

1. Saw wooden strips: 4 desk legs, 4 desktop support rods, 4 short fixed rods, and two long fixing rods (the thickness of two table legs is shorter than shorter).

2. The 4 tables legs are drilled at the intersection of the table you need, and the positions of the 4 holes should be consistent.

3. Drill the desk leg and the desktop support rod.The drill size is a little larger than the bolt.

4. Start assembled the desktop. First, use a short fixed rod with a short fixed rod and nail, and then nail the outer desktop legs and upper bolts.

5. When you put on the bolt, you will find that the bolt head of the table legs and the support rod protrudes, and the table legs cannot be merged. At this time, you need to use a large drill bit to drill out the holes and let the bolt head sink.

6. After installing the desktop, you will see that the top of the table's legs protrudes the support rod plane, so you must see the excess part, or you can't install the desktop.

7. Finally, fix the desktop with wooden screws to the desktop and complete.

Four

1. Prepare materials and tools: wooden boards, hammers, planers, and desktops are painted with paint -free ecological boards.

2. Seal the desktop edge, stick it with glue, knock gently, and press it tight.

3. The wooden strip line, planing flat, drilling, and then draw the thread, saw the position of the hoe, and punch.

4. Apply glue, then sting together, add wedge fixing.

5. The table legs and two windows can play a fixed role. One end of the table legs is connected to the desktop with a harmonious pages.

6. Add a wooden bar under the desktop to ensure that the table will not fall when the window support is not tightened.

7. Finally, brush the table legs with two layers of paint, which is convenient for cleaning in the future. A simple outdoor folding table is made.

1. What is the name on the Conference table?

When attending the meeting, some brands are usually placed on the Conference table with the names of the participants. This brand is generally called a table card, also known as a seat card and a Taiwan sign.The name, unit, position, etc.

The traditional Conference table is paper. It is only used to display the person's name and the identity of the participants. Most of them are made of temporary production.Various functions such as call services and voting services.

2. How to make a Conference table card

The production of the table card of the paper conference is not difficult. Generally, the tools such as grids, scissors, printers, color paper and other tools can be made. The specific production method steps are as follows:

1. First measure the size of the Conference table with the ruler table.

2. Then open the text processing software, design the desk brand, first insert a [text box], right -click to select the [set object format], and then change the [color], [line], [size], [board], of which the sizeConsistent with the width and height of measurement.

3. After that, fill in [Name] in the text box, such as Zhang San, change the font and size until it is suitable for the text box.

4. Because the brand's brand is divided into front and back, you need to copy and paste, and align the text box together to facilitate cutting. As long as multiple names are replicated, the text box of the original name is changed to other people's names.

5. Then print color paper with a printer. After printing, use scissors to cut along the boundary of the text box, and then insert the cutting name into the frame.

3. precautions for the production of the table plate at the Conference table

1. Select the dotted lines of the text box line, and the line color is gray. Just see it clearly when you print it.

2. The name is a space in the middle of the two words. If the name is three words, there is no need to add an air.