fire spiny, evergreen shrubs or small trees, can reach 3m high, usually breeding, cuttings, and presses.The spiny tree is beautiful, there are flowers in summer, red fruit in autumn, and the fruits have left branches for a long time. Making hedges and garden landscaping materials in the courtyard can be used as hedges on the side of the road, beautifying and greening the environment.It has a good dust filtration effect and has a strong absorption and resistance to sulfur dioxide.It is used as a fruit, root, and leaves, with flatness, sweetness, acid, leaves to clear heat and detoxify, and apply sores to cure sores and swelling. It is an excellent spring to see flowers and winterFruity
Essence
Morphology
Evergreen shrubs are up to 3 meters; the side branches are short, the apex is thorns, and the tender branches are rusty
Blind hair, old branches dark brown, hairless; small sprouts, short hair outside.The leaves are ovate or ovate-length, 1.5-6 cm long, 0.5-2 cm wide, apex obtuse or slightly concave, sometimes short-headed, base wedge-shaped, delayed on the lower edge, blunt sawtop, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teeth, teethBend inward inward, the close to the base, both sides are hairless; petiole is short, hairless or tender.
Flower integrated umbrella houses, 3-4 cm diameter, flower stems and total flower stems are nearly hairless, flower stems are about 1 cm long; flower diameter is about 1 cm; coded bell-shaped, hairless; sepals ovate, apex blunt;The petals are white, nearly circular, about 4 mm long, about 3 mm wide; stamens 20, 3-4 mm long flower, pills yellow; flower column 5, separation, and stamens are long and white.The fruit is near the spherical, about 5 mm in diameter, orange or dark red.The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is August-November.
Distribution
Distributed in the south of the Yellow River in China and the vast number of southwestern regions.There are 10 types of all, 7 species in China.Many excellent cultivation varieties have been cultivated abroad.Produced in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces.
Habit
Hi strong light, barren resistance, anti -drought, not cold -resistant; the Yellow River is planted in the south of the Yellow River, potted plants in North China, plastic sheds or low greenhouses overwinter, temperature can be as low as 0 C, and water rubbing.It is not strict with the soil, and it is better to use good drainage, humid, loose neutral or slightly acidic loam soil.
Bustling method
1. seed
The fruits of the spiny spiny mature in October, and it can be drove on the tree until February of the following year. The harvest of the seeds should be from 10th to December. After harvesting, remove the pulp in time, rinse the seeds and dry it.fire and spine are well sowing autumn. Before sowing, you can use two percent of thousands of concentrations of gibbererin to treat seeds. On the finishing spacing distance of 20-30 cm, a long groove of 5 cm deep on the finishing seedbed.centimeter.
2,
Cuttings
1 to 2 years have raw branches, cut cuttings from 12 to 15 cm, and the lower part -end Mandar -shaped. On the sorting insertion, a small groove is 10 cm deep.For centimeters, the bed surface is 2 to 5 cm, and the soil is solidly covered. The cutting time can be carried out from November to March of the following year. The survival rate is generally more than 90%.
Cultivation technology
1. Forestry
Choose a flat terrain with organic forest, rich in organic matter -oriented sandy loam, and dig a pit with a depth of 0.6 to 0.8 meters according to the line distance of 2 meters 2 meters.Essence
2. Treatment management
Apply Fertilizer every year from November to December of the year, dig a radial Fertilizer groove of 4 to 6 at 80 cm from the root neck, 30 cm deep, 3 to 5 kg of Organic fertilizer per pit, each flowering and fruiting period of the fruit period, each flower and fruit period each period.Apply to Urea once, 0.25 kilograms per plant.
Irrigation is once permeal before and after flowering and early summer, which is conducive to the growth and development of fire spine. In the winter during the cold climate area, it should be seized once before entering the dormant period.
In the natural state of plastic surgery, the crown is messy and irregular. The inner bore branches are often Slim due to insufficient light and poor conclusions. In order to promote growth and results, plastic surgery should be trimmed.The fire spiny branches have strong ability, and the side branches are mostly raised on the ground, which can be rectified into layered in the backbone, 40 cm from the ground, as the first layer, 3 to 4 main branches, and the second layer is from the second layer.One layer is 30 cm, consisting of 2 to 3 main branches, and the third layer is 30 cm from the second layer. It consists of 2 main branches. There are small branches between layers and layers.
The whole branches are easy to become branches, but the continuous results are poor, and only about 10%in the natural state. Therefore, the results of the results of the results of the results of the results are deasted, and the results of the perennial results are retracted, prompting the new shoots.The fire and spiny flowers have a strong ability. For over -the -time flower branches, they must shorten their nutritional branches, and they must be manually or chemically removed by more than half of the inflorescences, as well as too dense branches and weak branches before the flowering.Inner bores, the annual trimming amount is based on the amount of flower branches, and the leaf and inflorescence ratio is 70: 1.
3,
Places for life
fire spine belongs to subtropical plants. It is warm and humid and well -ventilated. The environment grows with sufficient sunshine and long sunshine. The most suitable growth temperature is 20 ~ 30 C.In addition, the spine has strong cold resistance, and it can still grow normally at -16 C and safely overwinter.If it is planted where the temperature is higher than 10 C in winter, the plants are not good at dormant, which will affect the flowering and results of the following year.Although the fire and spines are resistant to barren and do not have strict requirements on the soil, but in order to grow and develop well; they should still choose deep soil layers; soil is loose, rich in organic matter, more fertile, well drainagegood.
4. Fertilization
fire spiny fertilization should be carried out according to different growth and development periods.When transplanted and planting, you should lower foot Fertilizer. The base Fertilizer is mainly Organic fertilizer such as bean cakes, oil cypress, chicken manure, and Bone meal. For 3 months of planting, inorganic Compound fertilizer is applied. After that, in order to promote the growth and development of branches,The Fertilizer should be mainly nitrogen fertilizer; after the plant is formed, before flowering, more phosphorus and Potassium fertilizer should be appropriately applied to promote the strong plant growth and the plant is favorable.During the flowering period to promote fruit sitting and improve fruit quality and yield, 0.2%of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aquatic solution can be applied as appropriate.Stopping fertilization in winter will benefit the dormant period of fire spines.
5.
Water
fire spines are resistant to drought, but the soil is dry in spring, and you can fertilize it once before flowering.Keeping the soil during the flowering period is dry and conducive to sitting fruit; so do not water too much.If the flowering period is in the rainy season, you should also pay attention to digging and drainage to prevent the plants from falling flowers due to excessive water.After the fruit is mature and harvested, you must fill up and overwinter water before entering the winter.
6. Plastic surgery
In the natural state of the fire and spine, the crown is messy and irregular. The inner bore branches are often Slim due to insufficient light and poor conclusions. In order to promote growth and results, they must be trimmed on long branches, weak branches, and over -dense branches every year.Ventilation and lighting and promoting the growth of new shoots.The fire and spiny branches have strong ability, and the side branches are mostly raised on the ground, which can be rectified into layers of the main trunk. It is composed of 40cm from the ground friends, 3 to 4 main branches, and the third layer distanceThe second floor is 30cm, consisting of 2 main branches, and there are small branches between the layers and layers.
7. Branches
During the flowering period, when the nutrition is concentrated, when the inflorescence of the flower branches or the inflorescence on the flower branch is too dense, pay attention to the removal.fire and spine are easy to become branches, but the continuous results are poor, and only about 10%in the natural state. Therefore, the whole year of the result of the result of the result of the result of the result of the perennial results is retracted, prompting the new shoots.The dense fruits on the fruit branches should also be properly removed. In this way, it can ensure that the fruit is large and good, but also avoids the "big and small years" due to excessive results of the year and the nutritional consumption.
The fire spiny has a strong ability. It is necessary to shorten the nutrition branches for over -the -time flower branches, and eliminate more than half of the flower pavilions as well as too half of the dense branches and weak branches before the flowering.Enter the inner bore, the amount of trimming is preferred by the amount of flowers, and the leaf and flower pavilion ratio is 70: 1.After the results, the fruit branches must be trimmed after the results of each year. In particular, we must pay attention to the short -cut long branches only 3 to 4 sections to promote the formation of the result of the results of the results of the results and improve the real production and quality of the second year.In addition, the fruit must be picked in time after maturity, so as not to continue to consume the nutrition of the plant, which is not conducive to flowering and fruiting the following year, and affects yield.
precautions for fire spiny bonsai breeding
fire spiny bonsai is always green in four seasons, compact plant types, and lush branches and leaves.To raise the fire spiny bonsai, you must grasp the following elements.
It is necessary to clarify the physiological characteristics and growth conditions of the fire spiny
fire spines are wet and fat, happy light, good ventilation and warm and humid climate environment.The whole winter and spring are not falling, and the fruit watching period is half a year.Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that water and Fertilizer are appropriate, dry and wet, sufficient sunlight, good ventilation, and fire spiny bonsai can grow normally.
seasonal management of raising fire spinal bonsai
After hibernation, the spiny plants are used to help pick up fruit and fertilize in time due to the characteristics of many results, long results, and early germination.fruit picking is a necessary condition for the fruitless flowers.If Ren Guo stays on the plant, it can even be kept in five or six friends after the fruit. In this way, it consumes not only a large amount of nutrients in the plant itself, and it is not conducive to blooming fruit that year.Generally, Fertilizers that are mainly phosphorus and Potassium fertilizer can be applied in the summer.Ning wet do not dry.Potassium fertilizer should be continued in autumn, prompting fruit maturity and coloring.It can be seen indoors in winter. It requires ventilation. The temperature should not be too large, the temperature should not be too high, and the sun is sufficient.It is best to apply solid Fertilizers to the pot surface.If the Outdoor overwinter, avoid dry wind and cause damage.As long as the pot soil is dry and wet, the low temperature of about -10 C will not cause damage.
The type of fire spiny bonsai is maintained
For the fire spiny bonsai of the finished product, spring is another growth cycle. The late spring and early summer and even autumn are mainly trimmed and hit.Pruning and hitting shoots are mainly to keep the original plant type.autumn is another peak of growth. It is forbidden to apply nitrogen fertilizer.Avoid the consumption of nutrients in autumn shoots, which brings adverseness to wintering and sitting fruit.
fire spiny bonsai flipping
The potting soil is the medium that lives on the bonsai of the fire spiny bonsai.It is better to use the soil with disinfected disease -free pests and fat or more fertile gardens or surface soils in the forest.Pot soil can be used for one to two years.It is best to turn over or twice a year.It is best to choose the end of autumn or early spring, that is, stop the growth of the new shoot or before the new shoots start.For nutrient growth plants without fruit, pots can be changed all year round.The soil must be left for the soil, cut the long root, should not be rooted, and the pelvic basin is faster, so as not to affect the growth of the plant.It can be overturned throughout the year of light and greenhouses throughout the year; under natural conditions, the dormant period is better.
Disease prevention
Spiny white powder
fire spiny white powder is one of the main diseases of the fire and spine, infringing fire spiny leaves, tender branches, flowers and fruits.Most of them are caused by insufficient light, poor ventilation conditions, long -term Shading and induced.In the early stage of fire spiny white powder disease, light -colored dots appeared, and gradually growed from points to produce nearly circular or irregular powder spots. It was covered with white powder to form a layer of white powder.As a result, the leaf of the spiny disease is yellow, shrinking, often distorted by young leaves, dry, or even the entire plant.
Control method
1. Clear fallen leaves and burn to reduce the source of the disease.
2. It is usually placed in a clean and clean environment, with sufficient light and strong growth, which can greatly reduce the incidence.
3. Spray 0.2 ~ 0.3 Bomei stone sulfur agent during the onset period. Once half a month, insist on spraying 2 to 3 times, and the Bordeaux liquid of 0.5: 1: 100 or 1: 1: 100 or 50%retreatSpecial 1000 times liquid.
In addition, in the epidemic season of fire spiny pink disease, 50%of the multi -bacterial wettable powder can be sprayed with 1000 times liquid, 50%methyltotobutin wettable powder 800 times liquid, and 50%Lyte wettable powder 1000 times solution for prevention to prevent preventionEssence
Efficacy and role of fire spiny
1. Medicinal value
fruit: eliminate accumulation to stop diarrhea, promote blood circulation and stop bleeding.Used for indigestion, enteritis, dysentery, children's accumulation, collapse, leucorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain.
Gen: Clear heat and cool blood.It is used for virtual Bone steaming and heat -steaming, hepatitis, bruises, tendon and Bone pain, back pain, leakage, leucorrhea, irregular menstruation, vomiting blood, blood in the stool.
Ye: Clear heat and detoxify.Applying sores and swelling.
2. Edible value
fire spiny fruits are rich in organic acids, proteins, amino acids, vitamins and various mineral elements. They can be eaten fresh and can also be processed into various beverages.Its fruit is mature in autumn, like a torch, which can be planted by a road or courtyard.
Its roots, stems, and fruits are rich in tannins, which can be used to extract tannins.The root of the fire can be used as medicine, and its sexual taste is bitter. It has the effects of stopping diarrhea, dispersing stasis, and eliminating food.fire spiny leaves can make tea, which has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, replenishing thirst, convergence and anti -diarrhea.
Red fruits contain active substances to inhibit dental caries, have positive significance for human dental prevention, and are high -quality raw materials for making toothpaste.The red fruit in Taiwan is translucent and exquisite, because the taste is also known as "pocket apple", "the king of micro -fruit".The content of vitamin C, a red fruit like beads, is equivalent to a large apple, which is a very high nutritional health fruit.
3. The aesthetic value of the garden
Make a hedge
Because of its strong adaptability, resistance to pruning, gratifying hair, as hedge is excellent
top.Generally, the soil of urban greening is poor, and the construction waste cannot be well removed. fire and spine grows better in this poor environment.The hedge was effective in that year.fire spines are also suitable for planting on the slope.According to the author's observation, letting its naturally developed fire branches can grow to 1.2 meters a year, and it can grow to about 2 meters in two years, and starts with flowers.
greening arrangement
As a spherical layout, fire spiny can be planted, cut branches, branches, and pruning and plastic surgery. It is placed on the lawn and embellished deep in the garden.Warm feeling.Flame glorifiers are arranged on both sides of the road or in the middle of the road, which can also play a role in greening and beautifying and eye -catching.
embellishment in the scenic area
fire spiny as the planting of the landscape forest land can reflect natural wild fun.
Make bonsai and flower arrangement materials
fire and spine are resistant to trimming, and the main branches have changed naturally.From the autumn to winter, the fruit of the fire spiny is becoming more and more red. For example, the fire spiny bonsai displayed by the Mushan Basin Garden in Wuhan East Lake will attract tourists to stop.The fruit branches of the spiny spiny are also flower arrangement materials, especially in the autumn and winter seasons configured chrysanthemums, wax plums and other traditional art flower arrangements.
Governing the stone desertification in the mountains
fire and spine resistance, low requirements for soil, strong vitality, and its growing altitude is distributed from 250 to 2500 meters.fire spine is a good plant that govern the stone desertification in the mountains.
Special Mic 
