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Prevention and self -rescue of debris flow

Brief introduction

Mudslides are torrents formed by storms and floods that contain sand and rocks and soft soil mountains. Its area, volume, and flow of flow are large. Lirkeling is a small area of diluted soil mountains.It is composed of coarse and solid debris and is rich in sticky mud with powder sand and clay.Under the appropriate terrain conditions, a large amount of solid accumulation substances in the flowing water hillside or the ditch bed reduce its stability, and the solid accumulation substances full of moisture will form mudslides under their own gravity.Mudslides is a catastrophic geological phenomenon.Usually, the outbreak of the mudslides is sudden, fierce, and can carry huge stones.Because of its high speed, it has strong energy, which is extremely destructive.

The whole process of mudslides flow is generally only a few hours, and the short one is only a few minutes.Mudslides is a kind of natural disaster that is widely distributed in some countries around the world with special terrain and landforms. It is stimulated by water sources such as heavy rain, ice and snow melting, etc.The soil, water, and gas mixed flow between the flow of sand and the landslide.Most of the mudslides occur with the floods of the mountains.The difference between it is that the torrent contains sufficient amounts of solid debris and other solid debris. Its volume content is at least 15%and a maximum of about 80%, so it is more destructive than the flood.

The main hazards of mudslides are to destroy cities, enterprises, institutions, factories, mines, and villages, causing human and animal casualties, destroying houses and other engineering facilities, and destroying crops, forests and cultivated land.In addition, mudslides sometimes stain the river, which not only blocks shipping, but also causes floods.There are many factors that affect the intensity of mudslides, such as the volume, flow rate, flow, etc. of the mudslides. Among them, the influence of mudslides flow on the degree of disasters of mudslides is the most important.In addition, a variety of artificial activities have also exacerbated the role of this above -mentioned factors to promote the formation of mudslides.

Mudslides often occur in the canyon areas and the Earthquake volcanic area, and they are group hair.It is a torrent of debris and instantly erupted. It is the most serious natural disaster in mountainous areas.

Mudslide prevention

The prevention and control of mudslides should be based on prevention and control, to carry out prevention monitoring, publicize the knowledge of mudslides, and attach importance to preventing human activities that induce mudslides, protect the ecological environment of the mountains, and prevent problems before they occur.Carry out slope governance, do a good job of soil and water conservation, implement reasonable farming activities, and fundamentally solve the disaster of mudslides.engineering protection measures that are prone to mudslides areas are mainly:

Stability: Use drainage, blocking, slope protection, etc. to stabilize loose substances, slide bodies and slope residues;

Block: Set up a valley or blocking dam in the middle and upper reaches to intercept mudslides solids;

Ranking: Take a guide canal (groove) in the circulation section of the mudslides to make the mudslides smoothly down;

stop: Set up the silt at the place where the mudslides are exported to avoid blocking the river;

Seal: That is, the mountains and forests are returned, and the forest is returned.Forestance increases vegetation coverage rate.

8 escape skills when encountering mudslides

1. When encountering a strong rainfall in the valley, do not panic, do not escape in the direction of the mudslides.When encountering rainfall, the mudslides must be decisively judged to escape the safe path. If the path is vertically climbing on the hillside on both sides, the higher the climbing.Go downstream.

2. If you go out to travel along the valley, once you suffer from heavy rain, you should quickly transfer to a safe highland, do not stay too much at the bottom of the valley.Pay attention to observing the surrounding environment, and pay special attention to whether to hear a thunderous sound from the valleys in the distance. If you hear it, you must be highly vigilant, which is likely to be a sign of mudslides.To choose a flat highland as a camp, avoid as much as possible under the slope with rolling stones and a large amount of piles, do not camp at the bottom of the valley and river grooves.When you encounter mudslides, you should immediately discard the heavy travel equipment and luggage on your body to choose a safe path to escape, but the communication Tool cannot be discarded in order to contact the outside world for help.

3. Do not go to the ground when you encounter mudslides. You can escape from the sparsely growing trees. You can enter the dense area of trees to escape. Such dense trees can block the forward of the mudslides.

4. When encountering mudslides, do not choose to avoid under the steep hillside or on the tree climbing trees to avoid the flat and safe highlands to avoid the mudslides from collapsed and the hillside and trees are harmed.

5. Do not escape to a thicker zone when you encounter strong rainfall. Do not escape from the geological hardness. It is not easy to escape from the rock area without gravel.

6. When traveling as a car or a train, when you encounter mudslides, you should decisively abandon the car and escape. Hiding in the car is easily buried in the carriage to suffocate and die.

7. In the past, many people "love wealth and do not live", and there are countless cases of being swallowed by mudslides because of cleaning.If possible, bring more clothing and food when you escape.Due to inconvenient traffic in the landslide area and difficulty in rescue, most of the mudslides are cold weather, and they must prevent hunger and frostbite.

8. Don't think that areas that have just occurred in muddy flowing are safer. Sometimes mudslides will occur intermittently. If you are driving through the area where the mudslides just occur, you must be careful of the miscellaneous objects. It is best to detour a safe route.

Expert tips

1. Immediately climb on the hillside on both sides of the vertical direction with the mudslides.

2. The faster you run, the higher the climb.

Self -rescue and mutual rescue essentials

1. Immediately run at the high place on both sides of the river bed.

2. Climb the hillside on both sides of the vertical direction with mudslides.

3. Before Running, you must hug the trees on the river bank.

Not to

1. Escape downstream of the mudslides.

2. run along the direction of mudslides.

Earthquake rescue emergency package

Rescue Earthquake emergency packages generally large -capacity backpacks.It is generally made of waterproof fabric and luminous bars. The color should be bright and conspicuous, and it is easy to be found. It should not be selected for camouflage color and professional weight design.

In addition to the items in the general Earthquake emergency packages, the emergency supplies are generally adapted to the equipment used in the Earthquake disaster rescue, such as tents, Sleeping bags, seats, safety helmets, headlights, intercom, safety shoes, military engineering shovels, etc.

Earthquake emergency pack Category

Ordinary Earthquake emergency package

Ordinary Earthquake emergency packages refer to emergency packages required by ordinary people who do not need to undertake professional Earthquake rescue mission.It can provide self -rescue calls, individual protection, lighting, daily necessities, first -aid supplies and other supplies after the Earthquake, so that the affected people can actively save themselves, and fight for them a series of items waiting for the time for rescue, as well as ensuring the basic life after the disaster.

Because the Earthquake is the first of the disaster, most manufacturers' disaster prevention emergency packages take the risk of Earthquake as the main risk, so the general Earthquake emergency packages are replaced by disaster prevention emergency packages.

Earthquake emergency package for rescue

Earthquake emergency packages for rescue are also called Earthquake rescue packages, which are used for Earthquake rescuers.Ordinary people need to evacuate the building after the Earthquake and leave the disaster site, and the rescuers are just the opposite. They need to enter the disaster site to perform rescue tasks after the Earthquake.It also includes dedicated rescue equipment.

What are the Earthquake emergency packages including

Survival supplies

1. Water

For emergency, the three -day water used in the family should be reserved, and you can refer to the standard storage of 4 liters per person per day.Pay attention to the following points:

(1) If there are children, the elderly, and patients, they need to increase.

(2) The water must be installed in a clean, sealing, and easy -to -carry plastic bottle.

2. Food

Prepare enough listening foods or dehydrated foods, Milk powder and listening juice for 72 hours.Pay attention to the following points:

(1) Do not choose foods that are easy to cause thirst.You can choose no salt biscuits, all -Wheat, and canned food rich in liquid.

(2) Only foods that are not refrigerated, cooking or specially are reserved, and there are many foods similar to foods.

(3) Foods that should be included in babies and special diet, and some kitchen utensils and cooking utensils should also be prepared, especially manual tanks.

3. waterproof match, candle

Note: Before using a match or candle, please be sure that there is no gas leak.

4. Portable radio, etc.

Most telephones will be unavailable or can only be used for emergency purposes, so radio will be your best source of information.

5. Essential drugs (use or take under the recommendation of the doctor)

1) 2 slices of wine seizure and disinfection wet towels 5cm*5cm; 2) Gauze films 5*5cm 2 packs; 3) Elastic bandage 6cm*400cm 1 volume; 4) non -woven tape 1.25*500cm volume;7.2*1.9cm 10 tablets; 6) 12.5cm of tweezers; 7) scissors 9cm 1; 8) 1 1) 1) Blood Belt 46cm*2.5cm; 9) Red Outside 13.5cm*10cm*5cm 1; 10) Space insulation1 first aid blanket; 11) 1 pair of high -strong anti -sliding gloves; 12) 1 3M dust mask; 13) 3 liters of environmental protection folding kettle; 14) 1 light insulation raincoat; 15) 2 compressed towels; 16) fever fever, feverTwo slices (heating for more than ten hours); 17) Wind-proof and waterproof match 1 Tube (twenty-off); 18) Changming candle (3-4 hours of burning time); 19) compressed biscuits.

Self -rescue

1. Medical supplies

The auxiliary materials and first -aid manuals that deal with trauma include first -aid supplies such as bandaging, hemostasis, fixing, and wound treatment, which describes the emergency manuals that deal with various trauma methods.

tools and supplies

1. Special supplies

Prepare necessary special supplies, such as medicines, spare glasses, Contact lenses, hearing aid batteries, baby items (baby food, diapers, bottle and pacifiers), sanitary products (small wet towels and hand paper), etc.

2. Important documents and cash

Make sure that when the automatic withdrawal machine, bank and credit card system are paralyzed, sufficient cash is available.At the same time, retaining credit certificates, ID cards, and photocopies of some important documents, such as passbooks, insurance policies and financial records.

3. Other emergency supplies

Other Earthquake emergency tools such as seeking bonus, abrasion -resistant gloves, emergency Raincoats, and handlights of hand -shaken power generation.(For reference only)

How to install Earthquake emergency packages

First of all, the most important point is to put the heavy objects on the upper half of the shelter. The advantage of this method is that the focus of emergency backpacks will move up, and people's back will be not so tired.

Secondly, you need to put food and water at the top of the shelter. It is most convenient to eat food in this way without turning over other items that have been installed.The use frequency is relatively low -cold, bathing, and sleeping supplies, and should be placed at the bottom.

Where should the Earthquake emergency package be placed

In the room, the bathroom is undoubtedly the best place to hide, but the Earthquake emergency package is best placed nearby, such as in the bedside table.In addition, in the process of Earthquake escape, it is best to wear buildings, helmets, etc.(Note: Steel helmet and building helmet are better than motorcycles).Of course, it is better to install self -rescue items such as ropes and saber in the shockproof bag.

Earthquake emergency packages are best placed in the toilet or room content. The items in the emergency package should be replaced in a timely manner according to their respective production date to ensure that the items in the emergency package can be effectively used.

Finally, pay attention to writing contact information on the Earthquake emergency package, and the items inside the package are replaced regularly.