[Features of Outdoor clothing] What are the characteristics of Outdoor clothing for Outdoor clothing?

What is Outdoor clothing

The Outdoor environment is complicated and changing. In order to resist the harm of the human body, protect the body's heat from being lost, and the sweat produced during rapid discharge of exercise. When climbing, climbing and other outdoor sports, it should be layered.

The so -called Outdoor layered dress refers to wearing different materials in outdoor sports to adapt to the impact of various weather changes in the wild on the human body, such as pants, fleece jackets, warm clothes, sunscreen pants, andSpeed dry pants and so on.

What are the characteristics of Outdoor clothing

Warmth

Although warmth is closely related to the thickness of the fabric, outdoor sports are not allowed to be too heavy, so it is necessary to keep warm and lightweight in order to meet the special requirements of Outdoor sportswear.The most common method is to add special ceramic powders such as chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, and oxide to the synthetic fibrous spinning fluid such as polyester, especially nano -grade micro ceramic powder.Thermal energy can also reflect the far -infrared rays emitted by the human body, so it has excellent thermal insulation and heat storage performance.

Wetness

waterproof and humid clothing uses the surface tension of the water, and paint a layer on the fabricPTFE(PolytetrafluoroethylenePTFEThe chemical coating of enhanced the surface tension of fabrics with the same chemical composition and different physical structures, so that the water droplets should be tightened as much as possible without scattering and infiltrating the surface of the fabric, so that the pores on the fabric are unable to.At the same time, this coating is porous, and the water vapor in the single molecular state can be smoothly distributed to the surface of the fabric through the capacity of the capillary between the fiber.

After a large amount of exercise, if you stop in the wild to rest, it is possible to form a water droplet in the inner layer of the clothes because the outside temperature and sweat cannot be scattered in the inner layer of the clothes.

"Knot" phenomenon.There is a special humidity collation process called "low -knitting dew".PU) The fabric is coated with hydrophilic nano ceramic powder. When the body is evaporated with a large amount of sweat, it can absorb too much sweat vapor, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of water vapor inside the clothes surpassed the saturated steam and transformed into water droplets.

In addition to finding a way from fiber and coating, you can also try to absorb and sweat as much as possible in the fabric structure.For example, a double -layer tissue structure is adopted, the inner layer of the close layer is hydrophobic fiber, and hydrophilic fibers are used in the outer layer, so that sweat can rely on the capillary to move from the Skin to the inner fiber, and then due to the hydrophilicity of the outer layerThe combination of fiber and water molecules is stronger than the inner hydrophobic fiber, and the water molecules are transferred from the inner layer of the fabric to the outer layer, and finally distributed to the atmosphere.

waterproof

The primary function provided by Outdoor clothing is waterproof. Most traditional fabric waterproofing is coating or film. Later, waterproof treatment with fluoride or organic silicon is used.The effect of waterproofing can be represented by anti -water permeability and surface moisture.

GB/T4744-1997"Textile fabric anti -seepage measurement static water pressure test" is used to indicate the resistance encountered by the fabric through the static water pressure suffered by the fabric, that is, under the standard atmospheric conditions, the sample on the side of the sample is affected by a continuous rising water pressure.Until three water seepage, record the pressure at this time, so thatKPAorCMH2OTo indicate that the larger the value, the better the waterproof performance.

Breathable

A good Outdoor clothing must not only prevent rainproof but also breathable.Its breathable performance is determined by the microporous structure of the film, allowing gas molecules to escape, preventing liquid water molecules from entering.The breathability is the ability of air through fabrics.Under the specified test area, pressure drop and time, air flow vertical is represented by the rate of samples.Unitmm/sorm/sEssenceThe larger the value, the better its breathable performance.GB/T5453-1997The test area recommended in "Textile Facilities" is20cm2, Can also choose5cm2As well as50cm2or100cm2; Taking fabric pressure drop100Pa, Industrial fabric200PaIf the above pressure drop is not reached or not applicable, it can be selected after negotiation in various aspects50Paor200PaEssence

Stem

The hygroscopic and dryness is to quickly absorb the sweat produced by the body, try to discharge the outer layer and volatilize as soon as possible, so that the body should be kept as dry as possible.GB/T21655.1-2008"Textiles of Textiles and Smooth Drying Evaluation No.1Part: Single combination test method "uses the water absorption rate, dripping time, and core suction height of the fabric to the water -absorbing ability of the fabric to the water sweat;Speed in sweat.This standard has made specific technical requirements for knitting and knitting products for hygroscopic and drying productsGB/T21655.2-2008"Textiles of Textiles and Smooth Drying Evaluation No.2Part: The test method stipulated in the Dynamic Water Transmission Method is: Place the fabric samples horizontally. After the liquid water is in contact with its water surface, the liquid water will spread along the water surface of the fabric, and the water surface of the fabric will be transmitted to the penetration surface. At the same timeThe infiltration surface of the fabric is diffused, and the process of moisture content is a function of time.After the sample dipping surface is dripped into the test solution, the sensor that is closely in contact with the sample is used to determine the dynamic transmission of the liquid water water, and calculate a series of performance indicators to evaluate the performance of water absorption and sweating for textiles.

Anti -static

Outdoor clothing is basically made of chemical fiber fabrics. When the Outdoor environment is relatively dry, static electricity problems will occur. It shows that clothes are prone to hairs and dirt, close to the Skin to produce electrostatic adsorption.If you carry an electronic compass, altitude table,GPSSeveral electronic instruments such as navigators may also be interfered by the electrostatic of clothing and cause errors, causing serious consequences.

Comparing existing national standards and industry standards, the indicators of each method evaluation are different, and the results obtained by using different test methods are not comparable.The electricity of Outdoor clothing that can be used with good charging density method is a method for testing Outdoor clothing anti -static performance during actual wear.

UV prevention

The evaluation parameters of the textile anti -ultraviolet radiation use the ultraviolet protection factorUPFValue, it indicates that the average effect of ultraviolet radiation calculated when the Skin is not protected and the ratio of the average effect of ultraviolet radiation calculated when the Skin is protected by fabrics.GB/T18830-2009"Evaluation of Textiles Anti -UV performance" stipulates the test methods, assessment, and logo of the level of anti -sunlight ultraviolet performance of textiles.UVRadio radiation sample, collect the total spectral transmission rays, and determine the total spectral transmission ratioT(), and calculate the ultraviolet protection coefficient of the sampleupfvalue.You can use a parallel beam to illuminate the test sample, and collect all transmission light with a integral ball; you can also use a light hemisphere to illuminate the sample to collect parallel transmission light.In actual operation, the detection instrument can automatically calculate the sampleUPFValue andT().SampleUPFValue greater than50When it comes to "upf & gt; 50". According to this standard, as samplesupf & gt; 40,andT(UVA.av & lt; 5%At the same time, it can be called "anti -ultraviolet product".

What are the essential personal Outdoor equipment in the stream

1. Map

Similar to the mountain climbing and Hiking, you must also prepare a picture of the stream before the stream.The stream map is a simple and clear traceable route feature map drawn based on the terrain characteristics of the Canyon stream, so that the streaming person can prepare for the purpose.

2. Survival equipment

The crowds participating in the streaming activities should prepare GPS, first -aid phenomenon, life blankets, helmets, life jackets, main ropes, auxiliary ropes, rock nails, rock plugs, fast Hanging, etc. These equipment can ensure your life at a critical timeSafety.

3. Protection equipment

Personal equipment for streaming should be protected, such as streaming shoes, leg protection, waterproof clothing, gloves, elbow protection, and so on.Xiushu shoes are necessary products for participating in the stream. The shoes must have a sufficiently deep non -slip pattern. The soles should not be too thin, otherwise the shock absorption effect will be poor and increases the burden of walking.

4. Other equipment

Other personal equipment includes headlights, maps, northern needles, high -level meters, intercom, Raincoats, warm clothes, gloves, mountaineering shoes, life jackets, swimming moster, knife, personal medicine, etc., seat belts, main locks, eight -character ring, flat Belt cover coverwait.If it is more than 2 days of activity, it should also be brought with camping equipment such as tents or snorkers, Sleeping bags, sleeping pads, and cooking utensils.A Outdoor Backpack is also very important. The size of the Backpack depends on the number of traceability, but it should not be too large to help maintain the center of gravity and high -winding drilling. In order to prevent the Backpack from entering the water, waterproof Bags must be installed in the bag.

What should I pay attention to when participating in the stream

1. Be sure to form a team to accompany, and avoid entering the valley alone.If an accident disaster or emergency occurs, the police police station should be reported to the police station to ask for assistance, and the SOS alert should be made with a Tool.

2. Before the stream, you must prepare a plan before the trip. The forward route and the temporary retreat plan must be understood by each player. Therefore, the guidance of senior experienceders in the players is very important.

3. The characteristics of the valley terrain and the changes in weather must be carefully studied, and we must be proficient in the technology of the map.When an accident occurs, do not panic. You must be in a priority to the situation, and decide to continue or retreat to suspend the activity to minimize the damage.

4. During the Xiushu event, you must not touch the road, because the height of the valley is uneven, and it is very easy to lose your feet.There are not many ideal Camping locations in the valley. If you can't find a suitable camp before the evening, you must consider the possible situation of the wild place in the wild.

5. When the weather turns bad, we must consider the weather conditions that may go to streams and upstream areas early, especially in the southern mountains and rainy areas. Sometimes in the upper reachesThe greatest danger faced by the streaming persons should bypass the route that needs to be waded across the river.If the river is found to rise, it must not be forcibly involved.Therefore, for the choice of travel routes and camps, it is necessary to consider the possibility of rising streams. It is best to have the retreat route in case.

6. For one more guarantee, it is recommended to buy short -term travel accident insurance for self -service or groups.When participating in field activities such as mountain climbing and streaming, drowning is a casualties that are vulnerable.In order to avoid drowning accidents, the location of the water when wading the river should be selected at the shallower (below the knee) and the water flow is stable to avoid crossing the river in the upper reaches of the rapids and waterfalls, so as not to slide because of accidental slipping.Starting or ashore is close to dangerous areas.If you cross the river deeper in the water, you should set up a protective rope or holding a long pole to test the depth of the water, and slowly spend.

What is a Tent festival

The Tent festival is based on Outdoor self -service tour and donkey friends as the main participation object. Through its own camping equipment such as tents, in the suitable Camping season, the Outdoor portal website is convened by the Outdoor club organization and donkey friends to participate in a concentrated on an Outdoor scenic spot.Through a series of outdoor activities, events, bonfire evenings, Camping activities to achieve promotion and popularization of outdoor activities.

There have been Tent festivals across the country. Among them, nearly 10,000 people at home and abroad in Pingxiang Wugongshan International Tent Festival in 2013 were participated.In 2007, about 3,000 donkey friends participated.In 2008, about 4,000 domestic and foreign donkey friends participated.

The Wugongshan International Tent Festival in Pingxiang, Jiangxi is the most influential in the country. The Tent festival held is not only simple Tent accommodation, but also the main thing is that the Wugongshan Tent Festival has been regarded as a must -have Outdoor party that must be available every year.Therefore, every year, a large number of Outdoor enthusiasts at home and abroad are scrambling to sign up, so they are welcomed by the majority of donkey friends.With unique natural resources and super popular activities, the Wugongshan Tent Festival in Pingxiang has gradually influenced and gathered a large number of Outdoor enthusiasts, becoming an Outdoor outdoor sports event with household names.Outdoor enthusiasts are unanimously known as "grassland and Outdoor paradise", and Outdoor brands and influence have continued to increase.

When did the Tent festival be carried out

Taking the most famous Wugongshan International Tent Festival as an example, the Wugongshan International Tent Festival was founded by the local government in 2008 and was basically carried out in mid -September. As the Wugongshan Tent Festival became more and more famous, the duration of the Tent festival also had some duration of the Tent festival.Growth, from a week to a maximum of 45 days, the number of people reached tens of thousands of people from the initial 4,000 people, attracting donkey friends from all over the country to participate in the event.

What are the activities of the Tent festival

The Tent festival is a large -scale Outdoor festival event that integrates tourism and leisure, cultural entertainment, and Outdoor events based on Camping.On the one hand, it promotes the communication between the group of donkey friends, and on the one hand, it promotes the development of local tourism economy and culture.The Wugong Mountain Tent Festival Event includes rich offline activities such as Camping, mountain car race, alpine tug of war, Outdoor movie, and camp carnival. Online events include American winter Contest and Photography Competition.Donkey friends can achieve the purpose of promoting and popularizing outdoor activities through a series of outdoor activities, competitions, and bonfire evenings to strengthen exchanges for Outdoor groups.

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What equipment is needed in winter ice climbing

1. Binghao

Binghao provides a focus point.The ice -climbing ice ax is usually a technology pick, which is different from the straight ice average for walking in the snow. The shape and the degree of bending of the picking handle are more suitable for the climbing of vertical ice walls.

2. Bingfish

Bingfish is similar to ice ax in use, which is basically divided into snow walking and ice climbing.The outer teeth of the ice on the snow are flat tooth, which is more conducive to friction on the snow surface.The ice -climbing ice is a higher -intensity vertical teeth. It usually uses a full -card structure, which is more stable and can better convey the power of kicking.

3. Ice cone

Different from the use of expansion bolts as a protective point (anchor point) during exercise climbing, most of the protective points during ice climbing use ice cone.Due to the effects of the terrain, ice condition, and temperature, the strength of the ice cone anchor in the ice will also be very different.

4. Power rope

Ice climbing is recommended to use waterproof power ropes, because the low water absorption power rope can reduce the risk of rope icing, so as to ensure that the rope is normal through the protector.The mainstream diameter used by the rope used by ice climbers is lower than the Rock climbing, usually Single Rope, which is less than 9.7mm, or is protected with half ropes.

5. helmet

The rope protection system used in ice climbing is almost the same as climbing. The same protector, seat Belt, helmet, fast Hanging, main lock, etc.Ice climbing must wear helmets, because the focus of ice climbing is almost done by the damage to ice through ice clamp and ice ax. Therefore, there will be many broken ice flying in the sky. At the same time, it is recommended to use supporting masks or goggles to protect the eyes.

Basic skills

1. Grab: grab the raised part of the rock by hand.

2. Pulling: Hold the edges, gaps, and edges of the rock with your hands.

3. Pull: Under the premise of grabbing the firm fulcrum in front of the front, the arm is stuck in the rock wall, holding the stone seam, and pulling the body upward.

4. Support: Use steps, gaps, or other terrain to move your body up or left and right with your arms and arms.

5. Push: Use the side, the rock body or object below, and move the body with the power of the arm.

6, swelling: put your hand into the gap, and rose with your palm or fingers to grab the gaps of the rock as a fulcrum to move your body.

7. Passion: Use the inside of the forefoot or toe to support the body to reduce the burden on the upper limb.

8. Cross: Use your own flexibility to avoid difficulties to seek favorable support points.

9. Hanging: Hang the rock with a toes or heels to maintain your body balance and move your body.

10. Step: Use a large fulcrum in the front of the feet to reduce the burden on the upper limbs and move the body.

Ice climbing technical essential

1. Basic ice climbing technology

(1) Usage of Ice Pa: Every part of Ice Ka has its own use. Choosing the appropriate ice axard depends mainly on the slope and type of ice and snow slope. Generally, a short-handed ice star with a length of 40-50 cm.Reasonable use of ice aox can save a lot of physical strength.

(2) Front teeth technology: In addition to 12 teeth at the bottom of the bottom, there are front teeth. When the ice wall is climbing, the ingredients of the outer teeth are pierced into the ice wall as the support point of the foot. This climbing method is called the front tooth climbing or German styleClimbing method.Continuous use of front teeth will cause small feet and ankles to fatigue, so you must learn to relax and rest.

(3) Fully -contact climbing: The first step is to step on the second step, then relax the ankle joint at any time, and all the ice teeth are exposed to the ice surface.

2. The way to climb

(1) Three o'clock climbing method: When the ice and snow slope is less than 35 degrees, the climbing method is to hold on the ice average with one hand, the ice ax's rope is covered on the wrist to prevent falling off, and the bottom tip of the ice ax is used on the ice on the ice.The Ice Fojian must be in contact with the ice slope at least two points with both feet.

(2) Balanced climbing method: When the slope is 35-50 degrees, hold the upper part of the ice average in one hand, hold it on the handle of the ice ax near the bottom of the bottom, the high position with the front teeth, and the low-footed feet are exposed to the ice surface.The role of Binghao at this time is to maintain physical balance.

(3) Bullet climbing method: When the ice and snow slope is 45-60 degrees, it should be held on the ice ax and hold it on the handle close to the bottom of the bottom.The top of the pick is inserted into the ice and snow slope as a fulcrum, climbing the front teeth under the feet.

(4) Double pick climbing method: When the degree of ice and snow slope is greater than 60 degrees less than 90 degrees, and the hardness of the ice slope is not very large, the climbing method is to hold the top of the ice pick tightly with both hands and plug in the ice and snow slope like a dagger to rise or fall alternately.If the hardness of the ice slope is high, the climbing method is to hold the bottom of the ice ax and split the tip of the picking into the ice.

precautions for ice climbing safety

1. To survey the terrain before the ice climbing, check the ice quality, and choose the climbing route and time.

2. Master the weather changes.Ice quality and weather have the greatest impact on ice climbing.Ice climbing should not choose the crispy area of ice. The crispy ice is easy to break, and the ice average and icing cannot be caught.The ice layer of the good ice quality may be slightly soft, and the inner layer is harder.

3. When the ice water is not good or the situation is sinister, it is necessary to use a safety rope for protection.

4. Except for some artificially poured ice walls, ice climbing is generally selected in the deep mountain canyon. The wind in the deep mountain canyon is very large, and the wind is not conducive to ice climbing.

5. Do not excessively force when you push the ice ax into the ice surface, and do not shake the ice ax, because this will break the ice surface and affect its stability.

6. When kicking, you must force the ice to tip into the ice.The correct movement is: while lifting the feet, the knee joint is the axis, and the weight of the mountaineering shoes is used to make the feet kick forward steadily, so that the two front teeth of the ice can be tied into the ice surface.noodle.Note: Don't shake your feet up and down, otherwise it will easily break the ice surface and not firm.In addition, the feet should be straight. If you are tied into the ice on the shape of an octagonal shape, you cannot give full play to the role of ice.

7. In addition to the necessary protective measures such as seat belts, wearing a helmet must be worn during ice climbing to prevent crushing ice.

Where is the ice climbing?

1. Heilongtan, Miyun County

Suitable for beginners.Located on Shicheng Township on the west bank of Miyun Reservoir, Miyun County, Beijing.You can take the bus from Dongzhimen to Danti Cloud, and then transfer to the Black Dragon Lake of the Black Town.The slope of the ice wall is about 60-75 degrees, which is not difficult.

2. Taoyuan Xiaogu, Miyun County is suitable for competitions and professional climbing.The ice waterfall in Taoyuan Xiangu, Miyun County is very imposing. The ice surface on the mountains is more than 60 meters high, about 100 meters wide, and it is difficult to climb. It can be protected above.The ice wall on the underworld is even more difficult, and some places belong to the four Levels of difficulty.

3. Four Girls Mountain Shuangqiaogou

Shuangqiaogou can be called China's unique ice climbing resort. It is about 3800 meters above sea level.The mountain streams are flowing in the stream, and in the winter, there are more than a hundred ice waterfalls.Ice waterfalls are generally long, small, and soft in ice, suitable for leisure climbing.

4. Sichuan Hailuo Gulf Gallery

Sichuan Hailuo Glacier is the lowest glacier in the world and the longest of the 71 glaciers of Gongga Mountain.Dabing Waterfall is 500-1100 meters wide and 1080 meters high. It is the highest and most spectacular glacier waterfall found in my country so far.The glacial tongue extends into the virgin forest 6 kilometers, forming a strange landscape coexisting with the Hailu Gloss Glacier and the forest.

The Hailugou Glacier is the closest to the big city and the easiest to enter the low -altitude modern marine glacier. The transportation is very convenient. Hailuogou also has many Hot spring groups of different sizes.Among them, the Hot spring of the second camp is the most.In addition, there are the lower layers of glaciers between camps 3 and No. 4. Due to the dissolution of glaciers, many ice cracks occur, and ice climbing enthusiasts should pay attention to safety.