Polarized Microscope principle
1. Single refraction and dual refractive
When the light passes through a certain substance, such as the nature of light and the pathway does not change due to the direction of illumination. This substance has "different sexual sex" in optics, also known as single refractive body, such as ordinary gases, liquids, and non -crystalline.Solid; if the light is through another material, the speed, refractive index, absorption and polarization, amplitude of the light are different due to the illumination direction.Such as crystal, fiber, etc.
2. The polarization phenomenon of light
Based on the characteristics of vibration, light waves can be divided into natural light and polarizing light.The vibration of natural light is characterized by many vibration surfaces on the vertical light wave conduction shaft, and the amplitude of vibration on each plane is the same; natural light is reflected, refracted, double refraction and absorption, etc.Given light waves are called "polarizing" or "polarized light".

3. The generation of polarization and its role
The most important part of polarizing Microscope is polarizing device -polarizer and polarizer.In the past, both of which were composed of Nicola prisms. It was made from natural squarestones, but due to the large limitation of the crystal volume, it is difficult to obtain a large area of polarization. Polarized Microscope uses a artificial polarizer to useReplace the Nicor Slutter.The artificial polarizing mirror is made of sulfate, also known as the crystal of HERAPathite, which is green olive.When ordinary light passes through it, it can obtain a straight line polarizing light that is only vibrated on the line.
Polarized Microscope has two polarized mirrors, one is called "up mirror" between the light source and the object of the object;Attachment is for operation, which has the scales on the rotation angle.When the light from the light source through two polarized mirrors, if the vibration direction of the mirror is parallel to each other, that is, when the "parallel inspection bias" is in the case, the field is the brightest.Conversely, if the two are vertically each other, that is, when they are in the "bias of the Zhengjiao school", the field of view is completely dark. If the two are tilted, the field shows a medium degree of brightness.It can be seen that the straight line polarization formed by the mirror, if its vibration direction is parallel to the vibration direction of the mirror, it can be completely passed; if the partial slopes are oblique, only a part is passed; if it is vertical, it cannot pass.Therefore, when a polarized Microscope is used, in principle, the upper -mirror and mirror mirror should be carried out in a state of positive cross -check bias.
4. Double refractive body under the bias of the right inspection
In the case of orthogonal intercourse, the field of view is dark.The vibration direction of the polarized light formed does not change, and the vibration direction of the vibration of the mirror is still perpendicular to each other.If the inspection object has dual refraction or substances containing dual refraction characteristics, the vision field with dual refraction characteristics is brighter. This is because the straight -line polarization light shot from the upper mirror enters the double -folding body, and the vibration direction will generate the vibration direction.Different two kinds of linear polarization light. When these two Lights pass the mirror mirror, because another beam of light does not orthogonal with the direction of polarizing mirror polarization, you can see the bright mirror.elephant.When the light is dual -refractive, the two polarized light vibration directions are formed, which are different according to the type of object.
When the dual refractive body is orthogonal, when the rotating loading table, the elephant of the dual folding body changes four times in the rotation of 360 , which is darkened every 90 every 90 .The position of the darkening is the two vibration directions of the dual refractive body consistent with the vibration direction of the two polarizers. It is called the "light position" rotating 45 from the lighting position and the body becomes the brightest. This is "The diagonal position ", because when deviating 45 , when the polarizing light reaches the object, the light can be decomposed by the mirror that can be detected by the mirror, so it is bright.According to the above basic principles, the use of polarized micro -surgery may determine the same oriental (single refractive body) and the opposite sex (dual refractive) substances.
5. Interference color
In the case of biased positions, the dual refractive body is observed as a light source with a variety of different wavelengths. When rotating the carrier table, not only the brightest diagonal position appears in the field of view, but also the color.The cause of color is mainly caused by interference colors (of course, the object itself may not be colorless and transparent).The distribution characteristics of the interference color determine the type and its thickness of the dual folding body. It is due to the dependence of the wavelength of different colors of light.The color of the mirror light is different.
Polarized Microscope use precautions
1. The laboratory should have three anti -prevention conditions: shockproof (far away from the source of the Earthquake), moisture -proof (using air conditioners, dryers), and dust (floor floor).Power: 220V -10%, 50Hz temperature: 0 degrees -40 degrees.
2. Be careful not to make the material mirror encounter the sample to avoid scratching the material mirror.
3. Do not switch the mirror when the center of the loading table is close to the center of the object mirror, so as not to scratch the material mirror.
4. Brightness adjustment should not be large and small, and do not light up, affect the service life of the Light bulb, and at the same time damage.
5. Switch all the functions, the movement should be light, and in place.
6. To minimize the brightness when shutting down.
7. Non -professional personnel should not adjust the lighting system (filament position light) to avoid affecting the quality of imaging.
8. Pay attention to high temperature when replacing the halogen Lights to avoid burns; be careful not to directly contact the vitreous of the halogen light with your hands.
9. When the shutdown is not used, adjust the material mirror to the minimum state through the focusing mechanism.
10. Don't use it if you don't use it, don't immediately cover the dust cover, and then cover it after cooling. Pay attention to the fire prevention.
11. The optical components that are not used often are placed in a dry dish.
12. Non -professional personnel should not try to wipe polarized Microscope mirrors and other optical components.The eyepiece can be dipped in a 1: 1 ratio (aquatic alcohol: ether) mixed liquid to dry after dried the sector cotton swab. Do not use other liquids to avoid damaging the mirror.
The difference between polarizing Microscope and ordinary Microscope
The main difference between polarizing Microscope and ordinary Microscope is equipped with two light components on the polarized Microscope, that is, polarizing mirrors and detect polarizers, so the structure of polarizing Microscope is more complicated than biological microscopes.Polarized Microscope is the purpose of analyzing and testing of crystal optical characteristics through the role of these two polarizers.
When testing the crystal, the polarized Microscope is placed on the carrier between the Polarized mirror and the Polarized mirror.The vibration surface of the two polarized mirrors should be vertical (orthogonal), then the field of view is the special nature of dark use of light polarization. It is applied to microscopic imagery technology and promotes the rapid development of crystal optics.The principles and methods of crystal optics are used to study minerals, rocks, slag, and refractory materials, which are convenient and accurate, so they are widely used in geological research and gold phase research.There are basically two ways to observe with polarized Microscope:
1. Use small pores to light up the light beam to light up the object. At this time, you can think that all the beams are perpendicular to the plane of the object, and you can directly observe the image of the object with a eyepiece.
2. Using a large -pores to concentrate on the light beam to illuminate the object. At this time, the pupils of the objective mirror will produce interference phenomenon that indicates the nature of the objects observed.Interfering images formed.
Disclaimer: The above method stems from the index of the program system or the sharing of netizens. It is for your reference only and does not represent the research perspective of this website. It proves that it is valid. Please pay attention to the authenticity and authority of the source of the content of the content.Apply to delete & gt; & gt; error correction & gt; & gt;