How to determine the difference between organic matter and inorganic objects to determine organic matter and inorganic objects
The difference between organic matter and inorganic objects
1. Different definitions
Organic objects are carbon -containing compounds (carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbonate, carbonate, carbonate, bicarbonate, metal carbides, cyanideExcept for oxides such as chemicals, thiocyanides) or general names of hydrocarbons and derivatives.
Inorganic compounds usually refer to compounds without carbon elements, but a few compounds containing carbon -containing elements, such as carbon dioxide, carbonate, carbon monoxide, carbonate, etc., are not organized, so such substances are also inorganic.
2. Elements are different
There are few elements of organic matter, such as C, H, 0, N, P, S, X (halogen: F, (CL, BR, I), etc.
Inorganic objects are mainly water and some inorganic ions, such as sodium ions, potassium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, chloride ions, sulfate ions, etc.
3. Different properties
Except for a few organic compounds, they can usually burn.Compared with inorganic objects, their thermal stability is poor, and the electrolyte is easy to decompose.The melting point of organic matter is low, generally does not exceed 400 C.Most organic matter is insoluble in water.The reaction between organic matter is slow, and methods such as catalysts often need to be added.Moreover, the reaction of organic matter is more complicated, and the inorganic objects are mostly easy to dissolve in water. The chemical reactions are simple, difficult to melt, and heat resistance.
4. Different types
There are many types of organic compounds and huge numbers (more than 30 million species are known, and they are still increasing at a rate of millions per year).
How to judge organic matter and inorganic objects
1. Chemical composition
Organic substances usually contain carbon (C) elements, and combine compounds with elements such as hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (n), sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P).Carbon is connected into a chain, ring or complex three -dimensional structure in organic matter in organic matter.
Inorgana may not contain carbon or carbon, but its properties and structures are closer to the inorganic system, such as carbonate, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, etc. These are inorganic compounds.
2. Molecular structure and composition
The molecular structure of organic matter is generally more complicated, with a large molecular weight, and carbon atoms often constitute the osteogy structure.
The molecular structure of inorganic objects is relatively simple, and the molecular weight can be large or small. In most cases, the carbon does not serve as a skeleton component.
5. Physical properties
Organic substances often have low melting points and boiling points, easy to volatilize, difficulty in soluble in water and easily soluble in organic solvents.
The melting point and boiling point of inorganic objects are high, and they are not easy to volatilize. They are usually easily soluble in water or exist in water in the form of ion.
6. Reactive and biological activity
Organic substances usually have more complex chemical response, and the response speed is relatively slow. A variety of types of reactions such as replacement, bonus, elimination, etc., and many organic matter has biological activity and can be absorbed by the organism.
The reactivity of inorganic objects is relatively stable and the response speed is fast. It mainly manifested as acid -base reactions, oxidation reactions, etc. Most inorganic objects do not have biological activity.The vast majority of inorganic objects in nature can be included in the four categories: oxide, acid, alkali and salt.
What are the organic mattertype
1As well asAccording to the type of chemical bond: organic matter can be divided into co -price bond organic matter and non -covalent keys.
2,It is composed of elements: organic matter can be divided into carbon organic matter, nitrogen organic matter, phosphorus organic matter, sulfur organic matter, oxygen organic matter, chlorine organic matter, etc.Essence
3,According to the molecular structure: organic matter can be divided into alkane, olefin, aromatic compounds, aldehydes and ketones, amide, alcohols, esters, acids, carboxylic acids, nitrate, sulfonate, etc.Essence
4,According to activity: organic matter can be divided into active organic matter and non -active organic matter.
5.According to molecular weight: organic matter can be divided into polymer organic matter and low molecular organic matter.