[Earthquake escape self -rescue method] How to escape self -rescue method for earthquakes for earthquakes

What are the precursors of Earthquake

In recent years, the frequent Earthquake has brought a lot of threats to people's lives, which has also caused a lot of difficulty to make up for it.The occurrence of natural disasters will always be accompanied by some signs. As long as you look closely, you may avoid some disasters.Mastering the precursor of earthquakes may be able to fight for more escape opportunities.(Special explanation: The statement of the precursor of Earthquake exists only in the people, and it is not supported by scientific theory. The following content cannot be regarded as a scientific fact, but it is worthy of our attention.)

Prior to the Earthquake, various signs of the occurrence of earthquakes and the occurrence of the occurrence of earthquakes are called seismic precursors.There are two categories:

1. Micro -precursor: Human senses are not easy to detect, and the pre -Earthquake changes that can be measured by instruments must be used.For example, the deformation of the ground, the changes in the magnetic field of the earth, the changes in gravity fields, the changes in the chemical composition of groundwater, and the activity of small earthquakes.

2, macroendross: human sensory can notice the precursor of earthquakes.Most of them appear near the Earthquake.Such as the rising and downs of well water, abnormal animal behavior, sound, ground light, etc.

Why is there abnormal changes in groundwater before the Earthquake?

When the underground rock layer is deformed before the Earthquake, the groundwater buried in the water -containing rock layer will also change.Sometimes, the water -containing layer is squeezed out of the water like a sponge full of water; sometimes, the water partial layer is ruptured to mix the original layered flowing water; and so on.These changes may be reflected through well water, spring water, etc. At this time, wells or springs have become the "window" for people to observe the precursor of the Earthquake.

What are the abnormal changes in groundwater before the Earthquake?

The abnormal changes in water Levels and water volume.For example, the water level of the well in the season rises, and the amount of water in spring increases the water;Sometimes the phenomenon of self -flow and self -spraying of well water.

change of water quality.Such as well -changing, taste -changing (such as becoming bitter, sweet), turning, odor, etc.

change of water temperature.Water temperature exceeds the range of normal changes.

others.Such as bubbling, jets, and deformation of the well wall.

Is the groundwater abnormalities related to the Earthquake?

uncertain.Because groundwater is easily affected by the environment, its abnormal changes are not necessarily related to the Earthquake.The factors that affect the changes in groundwater are: meteorological factors, such as drought, rainfall, air pressure changes, etc.; Geological factors, such as non -Earthquake geological reasons, change the state of underground water layer; human factors, such as changes in water volume, underground engineering activities, environmental environmentPollution, etc.Therefore, after discovering abnormalities, it is necessary to reflect the causes to find out the cause and make judgments in a timely manner.

What are the performances of animal behavior abnormalities?

Many Earthquake examples show that animals are "living instruments" to observe the precursor of earthquakes. They often experience various abnormal behaviors before the Earthquake, which foreshadow people's approaching the disaster.At present, there have been hundreds of abnormal performance before the Earthquake is found. Among them, there are more than 20 kinds of abnormal reactions. The most common animal abnormal phenomena are:

A panic reaction, such as the big livestock, the Dogs bark, the birds or insects are shocked, and the non -normal movement is relocated.

Inhibitory abnormalities, such as behavior becomes slow, or dazed, at a loss; or not willing to eat.

The changes in living habits, such as hibernating snakes, mice are not afraid of people during the day, and a large number of frogs go ashore activities.

Is the abnormal animal behavior related to the Earthquake?

uncertain.There are many factors that cause animal abnormalities, such as weather changes, environmental pollution, improper breeding, and animal discomfort, such as illness, pregnancy, and so on.Therefore, the abnormal manifestations of animals are not necessarily a precursor to Earthquake.In addition, sometimes (especially after the strong Earthquake occurs), people are too nervous, and may also have an illusion when observing animal behavior.Therefore, do not panic after discovering abnormalities, and should be reflected to the seismic department in time.

What do you think of abnormal weather?

Radio Cloud: The floating clouds will have a very long ray in the sky. The position of the shot center is the position of the central Earthquake. Such a ray cloud is easily observed by people.

Earthquake cloud: Earthquake clouds are a cloud of cloud classification in non -meteorological science. The color of the cloud body before the Earthquake is: white, gray, orange or orange -red.The characteristics of Earthquake clouds: The wind is not easy to change its form. The sky and the cloud have obvious boundary lines, and there are more waves.

There are two ways of formation of Earthquake clouds:

Calorie theory: When the Earthquake is about to occur, a large amount of heat is caused by the geothermal gathered in the Earthquake Belt or due to the strong gravity effect of the Earthquake Belt.A "Earthquake cloud" is formed at a high altitude, and the end of the cloud is pointed at the location of the Earthquake.

Electromagnetic theory: Before the Earthquake, the rocky of the rocks occurred under geomantic stress, which caused local changes in the geomagnetic field; the geographical stress caused the rock to be compressed or stretched, causing the resistivity of the resistivity, and the corresponding local changes in the electromagnetic field.Because the electromagnetic wave affects the high -altitude ionization layer, the concentration of the ionizing layer of the plasma decreases sharply, which makes the orderly arrangement of water vapor and dust and the non -freedom of dust forming a Earthquake cloud.

Earthquake cloud detailed analysis:

If the length of the Earthquake cloud is very long, the closer to the time of the Earthquake; if the color of the Earthquake cloud looks deep, the depth of the corresponding Earthquake is deep; if the Earthquake cloud lasted for a long time, then the place will beThe closer to the corresponding epicenter; if the color of the Earthquake is gray, it means that the Earthquake is very serious.

What are the characteristics of the ground and what are the characteristics of it?

Before the Earthquake occurred, there was often a sound from the depths of the ground. This is the "sound of the ground."The sound of the ground generally appears in the before, hours, days, or earlier; the most minutes before the Earthquake appear.

The sound of the ground sound is different from the familiar sounds that people are usually familiar with.Such as: "It's like a train coming from underground Mercedes", "sound like a stone -picked beaded cannon", "similar to the roar of the machine", "the sound of the wind", "the sound of the stone rubbing each other" and so on.However, sometimes it is not easy to distinguish between wind, thunder, and roar from the distance from the distance.

What are the characteristics of the light?

Di Guang is also a macro phenomenon before the Earthquake. my country has been observed before many earthquakes. They generally appear in front of the Earthquake or when the Earthquake, and there are also some hours or earlier before the Earthquake.

There are many colors of ground light, including red, yellow, blue, white, purple, etc. Some are also like electric fire light.They have different shapes, including light, sheets, spherical light, cylindrical light, fire -like light, etc.The time when the ground light appears is generally short, so it is not easy to observe.It is also difficult to identify the light, because its shape and color are sometimes similar to the welding light and lightning.

In summary, observation of micro -precursor is the work of scientists.It is found that the macro -precursor near the Earthquake depends on both scientists and the masses.Because macro -precursors often occur when the Earthquake occurs near the Earthquake. Therefore, understanding its characteristics and learning to identify them will play an important role in Earthquake prevention and disaster reduction.

What are the characteristics of abnormalities?

Earthly gas refers to the fog before the Earthquake, also known as the fog or ground fog.This mist has a variety of colors such as white, black, yellow, and sometimes colorless. It often appears within a few days before the Earthquake, often accompanied by strange taste, sometimes accompanied by sound or high temperature.

What are the characteristics of ground movement abnormal?

Di movement abnormal refers to the shaking of the ground before the Earthquake.The severe vibration of the ground during the Earthquake is a well -known phenomenon.However, before the Earthquake occurred, sometimes I felt the ground shaking. This shaking is different from the Earthquake. The swing is very slow. The seismometer is often recorded, but many people can feel it.The most significant ground movement appeared before the 7.3 magnitude Earthquake of Haicheng on February 4, 1975. From late December 1974 to the end of January 1975, in Dandong, Kuandian, Fengcheng, Shenyang, Xi [xi],There have been 17 places in the place.

What are the characteristics of ground drums?

Drum abnormalities refer to drums on the ground before the Earthquake.About half a year before February 6, 1973, Sichuan Huohuo 7.9 earthquakes, a drum appeared on a lawn in Daoba District, Ganzi County, with a shaped iron pot, which was about 20 cm high.After a few days, disappearing, repeated multiple times until the Earthquake occurred.Similar abnormalities as ground drums include ground cracks and land.

What are the characteristics of electromagnetic abnormalities?

Electromagnetic abnormalities refer to abnormalities in household electrical appliances such as radios, televisions, Solar lamps, etc. before earthquakes.The most common electromagnetic abnormalities are the failure of the radio, and it is more common before the sunlight in the northern region before the Earthquake.A few days before the 7.8 magnitude Earthquake in Tangshan on July 28, 1976, many radios in Tangshan and its neighbors failed. The sound was big and small, sometimes there was no frequency, and sometimes noise appeared continuously.Before the Tangshan Earthquake, some people in the city saw the off -off fluorescent Lights turned red at night. Some people in Beijing turned off the sunlight before going to bed, but the Lights were still lit.

Electromagnetic abnormalities also include the abnormal work of some motor equipment, such as microwave abnormalities, disturbing radio plants, and electronic alarm failure.

Why do the ground bump and shake before the Earthquake?

When the Earthquake bumps first and shakes, the speed and method of the spread of Earthquake waves are different.The spread of Earthquake waves is usually divided into two categories, one category spreads inside the earth into a body wave; the other is spread along the ground surface and the surface of the rock layer, which is called face waves.Body waves are divided into longitudinal waves and horizontal waves.The longitudinal waves were passed on to the surface first, and the range was between 1 km and 20 kilometers, with a speed of 7 to 8 km/s; and the speed of the horizontal wave was only 4 to 5 km/s, and the slowest of the face wave was only 3 kilometers per second.Due to the physical characteristics of waveforms caused by the physical characteristics of waveforms, the upper and lower bumps of the ground objects, that is, people feel that they are moving up and down first.The horizontal waves are slow, and then the waveform characteristics are to shake the object left and right.Therefore, people feel that they move up and down after moving up and down, and the coherent Earthquake comes to bump and shake.

Earthquake escape self -rescue knowledge

What should we do when the Earthquake comes?There is a "12 -second self -rescue opportunity" in the Earthquake psychology, that is, after the Earthquake, if you can quickly avoid it to the safe place within 12 seconds, you can provide yourself with the last chance of self -rescue.

1. Hiding under the table and other solid furniture.The large shaking time during the Earthquake is about 1 minute.Avoid the low center of gravity and strong and firm table, and grasp the table legs tightly.In the case where there are no tables such as a table, you must also use cushions and other things to protect your head.

2. Turn off the fire immediately when shaking, and immediately extinguish the fire when the fire is lost.During the Earthquake, turning off fire and fire extinguishing is an important factor in controlling the minimum degree of Earthquake disasters.1Within -2 minutes, it can still be extinguished.

3. Don't run outdoors.After the Earthquake, it was very dangerous to run out of panic, crushing glass, bricks and tiles on the roof, billboards, etc., which was very dangerous.In addition, the cement prefabricated board wall and automatic vending machine also have the danger of collapse, do not approach these objects.

4. Open the door to ensure export.Houses with steel cement structures, etc. Due to the shaking of the Earthquake, doors and windows are misplaced, and the door cannot be opened. Therefore, the door should be opened to ensure export.

5. Outdoor occasions should protect the head and avoid danger.When earthquakes, people have the psychology of helping and catching.Most of the pillars and walls around them will become the object of help.However, these things that look strong and firm are actually dangerous.In the prosperous street and building area, the most dangerous is glass windows, billboards, etc. falling down and smashing people. Pay attention to protecting the head by hand or handbags.In the building area, it is safer to enter the building according to the situation.

6. In the instructions of the staff during the department store and theater.There are many places such as department stores, underground streets, and other people, in accordance with the instructions of store staff and guards, take action calmly.

In case you encounter an Earthquake when you ride an elevator, press all the buttons on each floor on the operation board. Once stopped, quickly leave the elevator and confirm the safe shelter.

7. car parking on the side of the car, the control area is prohibited from driving.When the Earthquake occurs, the car will not be able to grasp the steering wheel and it is difficult to drive.You must avoid the crossroads and stop the car on the side of the road.In order not to prevent people who evacuate from evacuation and emergency vehicles, the middle part of the road must be given.

8. Be sure to pay attention to landslides, cliffs fall or tsunami.In the mountains and steep tilt areas, there is a danger of landslide and cliffs.On the coast, there is a danger of tsunami, and quickly goes into refuge in a safe place.

9. Hiking should be treated during refuge, and items should be carried at least.After the Earthquake, it is advisable to take a trekking asylum, and the items you carry should be at least.You must not use cars and bicycles to take refuge.

10. Don't listen to rumors, don't act lightly.When a Earthquake occurs, people are psychologically shaken.In order to prevent confusion, everyone takes action calmly according to the correct information.Grasp the correct information from the radio and other carriers.I believe that the information directly from the government, police, fire protection institutions and other disaster prevention agencies will never trust irresponsible rumors, and don't act lightly.

Different places to avoid points during earthquakes

1. school.In school, we usually need to combine teaching activities to tell students about Earthquake and prevention, Earthquake avoidance knowledge, and arrange the routes and venues of students' transfer and evacuation. In relatively strong and secure houses, they can avoid it under the desk, the podium, and the podium.Beside, students in the teaching building can go to the room with small and pipelines, and never let students run or jump off the building, do not go to the balcony.After the Earthquake, evacuated in an orderly manner.

2. Pedestrians.When the Earthquake occurs, the glass fragments of high -rise buildings and concrete pieces outside the building, as well as advertising signs, pamura iron plates, neon light racks, etc., may be hurt. Therefore, when walking on the streetThe items are on the head, and when there is no item, you can also use your hand on your head to prepare for self -defense as much as possible. To be calm, you should quickly leave the electric pole and wall and run to a broader area to avoid.

3. Drive.(1) The driver should slow down as soon as possible to gradually brake; (2) Passengers (especially on the train) apply to hold their hands, pillars or seats, etc., and pay attention to prevent the luggage from falling from the rack from the rack, facing the driving facing the driving faces, facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving faces, facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving faces facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving faces facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving faces facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving facing the driving.The person in the direction should lean his arms on the chair cushion in front of the front seat, protect the face, the body tends to the passage, and protect the head with both hands; the person who is facing the direction of the driving direction, should protect the back of the brain with both hands, and lift your knees to protect the abdomen.Tighten your body and make a defensive posture.

4. Inside the building.First of all, keep a sober and calm mind and judge the vibration status in time. Do not jump off the building in a panic. This is extremely important.Secondly, you can avoid it under solid furniture (remember not to hide under the bed, but you can hide from the bed, the area of the bed is large, and the person who has too much weight can easily overwhelm the person under the bed, and the bedside can play a supporting role), or the corner corner of the cornerAt the point, you can also transfer to the load -bearing wall, the kitchen and the toilet for a temporary avoided.These places have strong combination, especially the pipelines have been treated with good support, and the seismic coefficients are large.

5. In the store.Due to the panic and the whereabouts of the goods, the shelter channel may block.At this time, you should hide next to the large pillars and big products (avoid the product display cabinet), or avoid the passage of no obstacles, and then squat and wait for the Earthquake to calm down.In the upstairs position, it is better to transfer to the bottom layer in principle.However, stairs are often weak parts of building earthquakes. Therefore, it is necessary to see the right time to escape risk, but avoid it nearby and evacuate after the Earthquake.

Common sense of hedging self -rescue after Earthquake

1. If you are buried under the ruins during the Earthquake, you must establish the confidence of survival. I believe someone will save you.

2. After the Earthquake, there are often many aftershocks, avoiding the sturdy collapse above the body and other objects that are easily caused by falling.After the occurrence, the environment worsen further.

3. Protect the Smooth breath and move the debris on the head and chest. When smelling gas and poisonous gas, cover the mouth and nose with wet clothes (but the protective fabric of dust pollution to cover the mouth and nose).

4. Try to leave the danger.If you can't find a passage from the danger, try to keep your physical strength, use stones to knock on objects that can make sounds, send a call for help, don't cry, irritability, and blindly act.Control your emotions or rest, wait for rescuers to come.If you are injured, you must bandage to avoid excessive bleeding.

5. Maintain life.If the time buried under the ruins is relatively long, the rescue personnel have not arrived, or if they do not hear the call for help, you must find a way to maintain your life.Putting water from water to prepare for the need, when necessary, your urine can also play thirst for quenching thirst.