What is the difference between the principles of radio telescope and optical telescope

1. Radio Telescope

A radio Telescope refers to the basic equipment of the radio waves from celestial bodies, which can measure the strength, spectrum and polarization of celestial radio powerEssenceIncluding a targeted antenna that collects radio waves, high sensitivity receivers that amplify radio signals, information records, processing, and display systems.20century60In the age of astronomy, four very important discoveries were obtained: pulse stars, star -like body, cosmic microwave background radiation, and interstellar organic elements, known as the "four major discoveries".These four discoveries are related to the radio Telescope.

2. Principles of Radio Telescope

Radio -Telescope principleIt is similar to the optical reflection Telescope. After the projected electromagnetic wave is reflected by an accurate mirror, it reaches the public focus.Rotating parabolic faces are easy to focus on mirrors, so most of the radio Telescope antenna is parabolic.The surface error rate of the surface and an ideal parabola of the radio Telescope and an ideal parabolic surface is not greater than greater than/16~/10The Telescope can generally work effectively on the radio power band of the wave grown than .

Observations for rice waves or long rice waves can be used as a mirror surface; while observation of centimeter waves and millimeter waves, it is necessary to use a Smooth and accurate metal plate (or coating) as a mirror.A radio waves that are projected from celestial bodies and bring together to the focus of Telescope must be reached a certain power level to detect the receiver.

The weakest level of current testing technology should be reached10-20watt.The power of the RF signal is first enlarged at the focus10~1000Be more and change to a lower frequency (intermediate frequency), and then transfer it to the control room with a cable, where to further magnify and detect, and finally record, process and display it in a way suitable for specific research.

The antenna collects the radio radiation of celestial bodies, and the receiver processs these signals and transforms into a form of recording and display. The terminal device records the signal and is processed according to specific requirements and then displayed.The basic indicators of the performance of the radio Telescope are spatial resolution and sensitivity. The former reflects the ability to distinguish the radio dot sources close to each other on each other, and the latter reflects the ability to detect the weak radiation power supply.Radio -Telescope usually requires high space resolution and high sensitivity!

Third, the principle of optical Telescope

The basic principle is the refraction of light.Relying on two lenses that make up a Telescope.The front of the Telescope is a large diameter and a long -focal length, named material mirror; the latter lens in the back is short -focalized in diameter, called eyepiece mirror.The light mirror converges the light from the distant scenery, and the back of it is reduced into a shrinking real image, which is equivalent to moving the distant scenes closer to the imaging.The image of this scenery just happened to the front focus of the eyepiece. Looking at the mirror, as if looking at things with a magnifying glass, you can see a virtual image that enlarged many times.In this way, the scenery that is far away seems to be in front of the Telescope.

Fourth, the difference between optical Telescope and radio Telescope

The same point is that they are all electromagnetic waves from the celestial bodies. The difference is that the electromagnetic waves they receive are different. The radio Telescope receives radio waves. The radio Telescope can capture a lot of light that can not be seen by the naked eye.And optical Telescope can only capture visible light.

The radio Telescope resolution is the highest, because the radio Telescope can see many times more light than the optical Telescope wavelength. Theoretically the most farthest.The true face is not as accurate as the optical Telescope.

The farthest thing now is the Hubble Telescope, which belongs to the optical Telescope, which is reflected. It is no different from ordinary Telescope. Although the diameter is only2.4Mi, but compared with the foundation Telescope, it is not affected by atmospheric interference, and the caliber5Compared with Mir's Haier Telescope, "Hubble" can see140A celestial bodies outside the year, the Haier Telescope can only be seen20Outside the 100th year, the atmosphere can weaken the starlight13Times.