What is lacquer carving

Lacquer sculpture is a traditional Chinese arts and crafts, also known as Cong Hong. Its skills began in Han and Tang.The process process is extremely complicated.Making paint, tire making, polishing, degeneration of light, etc. The process is complicated and the use is very long. Therefore, the large lacquer carving is also extremely expensive.Paint carvings are a technique that clean the pattern on the piled plane paint tire.The Yuan and Ming dynasties were introduced into Beijing.After the hard work of lacquer carving artists, the lacquer carving skills gradually matured, and the lacquerware has become arts and crafts with Beijing characteristics.Beijing lacquer carving is well -known as Hunan Xiangxiu and Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, and is known as "the three leaders of Chinese arts and crafts."Over the years, lacquer carving has been favored by lacquer carving art lovers at home and abroad with its unique craftsmanship.

Value of lacquer carving

1. Cultural value

Tianshui carving lacquer skills occupy an important position in Chinese lacquer art. It is a typical representative of the traditional handicrafts of Han nationality in the Northwest region.

First of all, the design of Tianshui carving lacquer products is mostly a master of high -level arts and crafts masters, which is beautiful and generous.Its product aesthetic is strong, combined with carving, inlaid, and paint, with exquisite craftsmanship and exquisite design.Secondly, Tianshui carving lacquer products can not only decorate the cultural atmosphere of home life, increase the taste of life, and increase the taste of life, but also the best choice for the wall decoration of high -end halls such as hotels, hotels, to set out it or a magnificent or noble elegance for it.Or a clear and free environment; at the same time, it can be used as a gift and a collection of value preservation and appreciation, and passed down from generation to generation. She is still shining after hundreds of years.

2. Economic value

Tianshui carved lacquer products are famous at home and abroad, and carved lacquer products themselves have a lot of room for appreciation and collection value.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has been a local pillar industry for a while, and has played a very important role in local economic construction.Due to the gradual development of carving lacquer production skills, the employment problems of considerable number of personnel have been solved.Secondly, in addition to meeting the domestic market needs, Tianshui carving lacquer products have been exported to 37 countries and regions, which has had a huge impact on the development of the local economic development. With the continuous development of the economy, Tianshui carving lacquer skills and product markets have great development.potential.

3. Historical value

As a traditional Chinese cultural carrier, Tianshui carving lacquer skills have played an important role in the development and continuation of Chinese lacquer arts; it has provided a lot of detailed evidence for the research of carving lacquer production skills;Essence

Paint -carving quotation

The process of carving lacquer is quite complicated. It is not one person to do it. It takes a dozen procedures to complete it. Among them, the painting process is the most time -consuming process.A real red work must be carved with a paint with a thickness of 15-25 mm.Generally speaking, one millimeter thick paint must be brushed 17 times. Each paint can only be dried indoors, not baked or sun, and can only be brushed 2-3 times a day.Therefore, the production cycle of a good lacquered artwork takes 6-8 months, or even more than 2-3 years.According to professionals, the basic materials of carved lacquer raw paint and cinnabar are also very precious.A lacquer tree produced only 10 kilograms of lacquer for 50 years, and the output of red cinnabar mixed in the paint was also very rare.

Due to this kind of reason, lacquer carving works increased daily in the market.At the Sotheby's auction in Hong Kong in 2007, a Ming Dynasty carved lacquer plate with a diameter of only 23 cm was shot 11.26 million Hong Kong dollars, setting a world record.Experts are also valued at 800,000 yuan.

Lacquer carving identification method

1. Look at the slurry:No matter how clever is the old method of a lacquer carving device, the feeling of patent leather feels different: even if the authenticity is well maintained, the air oxidation and smoke of hundreds of years will still leave a layer of pulp on the surface; and the surface; andThe tentacles made by oxalic acid are Smooth and impetuous, and you can even see the bright red paint under the magnifying glass.

2. Look at the bottom tire:Most of the pseudo -lacquer carving uses plastics such as polyester ethylene as a tire, which was impossible in ancient times.

3. Look at the money:Most lacquer carving has no money, including the "paint" of the Qing Palace Creation office.There are two categories of knowledge. Before the Ming Dynasty Xuande Nian, the bottom of the lacquer carved device was used to draw a "needle scratch" with a needle. After Xuande, he used the knife carved regular script year number and then filled in the gold.

Lacquer carving maintenance method

The lacquer carving is very sensitive to dry humidity, and it is difficult to save. It is 15-18 degrees Celsius. The humidity is most suitable for about 55%. It is too dry and easy to crack.If the environment is too dry, you can wrap the lacquerware with plastic wrap.

1. The main points of the villa sun room design

1 The floor tiles of the sun room are not flattened, the better.

When the owner planned the garden in the exclusive sun room, the floor tiles do not need to be too flat. It is best to have a little gully. This has a certain benefit for retaining soil and water. Natural geological features also adopt such a more environmentally friendly and scientific way.The corner of the roof is appropriately reduced to some planes, which is convenient for excessive water in the soil to discharge from the floor drain.In addition, it is necessary to lay a non -woven isolation layer like non -woven fabric on the board to prevent water from taking away the sediment and even the pipeline during the process of leaking.

2 What plants should be placed in the sun room should consider temperature and humidity.

When the owner of Sunshine house needs to plant some natural plants in the sun room, please pay attention to the selection of plant species that are wet and hot, because the sun room, especially the Sunshine house in Beijing, is relatively long, and the general seal of the sun room isGood performance.

3 The locker in the sun room should be kept dry.

When the owner of the sun house needs to arrange a corner in the villa Sunshine room as a locker, there must not be too many plants near that corner, otherwise you should pay attention to the moisture -proof treatment of the locker.

4 The drainage system of Sunshine room should pay attention to safety issues.

When designing the sun room, pay attention to the setting of the drainage system, especially the area of the pool should not be too large. If the water volume is large, it is prone to leakage, and it will cause harm to the safety of the building for a long time.In addition, the design of the sun room must be left with doors and windows for ventilation.

5 The window opening of the villa sun room should be combined with the climate.

If it is a hot and humid climate, the building sun room should be shaped and anti -thermal anti -heat.And if it is a temperate climate, the building sun rooms should be kept warm when the windows are opened. Items The position of the windows opens the same as the winter sun, and increase the heat radiation of the Solar.

2. How to design different functions of sun rooms is reasonable

1. design of terrace sunshine houses that can be treated

If you have a large terrace or courtyard, you can choose to design a sun room, choose a glass sunroof, and then have three -sided landing windows. Transparent glass can be fully introduced in the sun.In the space, you can place a set of sofas and place a small coffee table. During the spare time, about three or two friends or the whole family can drink tea, chat, and even play mahjong to recreate the boring time.Moreover, in such a sun room, you don't have to worry about the changes in the weather. If you really encounter a rainy day, it will be another kind of enjoyment.

2. The design of the Sunshine room of the terrace can

You can place your favorite items, it can be a simple fabric sofa, a comfortable vine chair, or a green plant in the courtyard. All factors you like can be added because this belongs to your own own.Little heaven and earth.

3. design

In addition to the Sunshine room that can be dazed and hospitable, you can also design the sun room that can be dining according to the actual needs.After designing the overall structure of the Sunshine room, you can put a table and chair in the meal, and place different types of dining tables and chairs according to the size of the space.Your best choice.

3. How to design the sun room is not afraid of the wind and sun exposure

1 As well as Sky window

For the sunroof of the sun room, many people will find it dispensable, and think that it can't play the role of ventilation and heat dissipation. It may also be leaked due to the opening of the window."Water curtain Cave".

But in fact, the existence of the sunroof has its own reasonableness.Because the hot air in the sun room is concentrated on the top, the closer the temperature below, the lower the temperature below. After the window of the day is opened, the heat will slowly rush out, and the air with a lower temperature will come in to add.The temperature of the sun room.

2 As well as Choose effective insulation material

The facades and tops of the sun room are almost all composed of transparent glass materials.Although the light is bright, it can blur the boundaries of indoor and Outdoor to the greatest extent, but once the right glass is not selected, it is comparable to summer"Steaming sauna" can't stay for a moment.Therefore, it is recommended to use high -quality tempered hollow glass here, and use it with aluminum bag plastic profiles or broken bridge aluminum (as a skeleton) for thermal insulation.

3 As well as Suntech sunscreen and heat insulation

Shading curtains are also a very practical choice. Although the heat insulation method is slightly traditional, its materials, functions and shapes are diverse. You can use Outdoor sunshade curtains, louvers, or metal rolling curtains to isolateThe radiation of ultraviolet rays reduces the indoor temperature and turns it into a pleasant space.

Many sunshade curtains on the market now have the performance of automatic adjustment of light, Shading, insulation, sound insulation, and environmentally friendly and comfortable performance, which can bring users a more free experience.

4 As well as Install water spraying system

The installation of water spraying system is to cool down the sun room, which is not only low in cost, good effect, but also to clean the dust at the top by the way. The practicality is self -evident.

5 As well as planting vine plants

If you want to prevent the calories outdoors from invading the sun room, you may wish to plant some vine plants or tall trees outside the sunroof. First, you can cover the sun, and the other can beautify the environment and bring a coolness to the indoor!The greenery is full of eyes, as if there is a feeling of being in the forest.

6 As well as Air -conditioning refrigeration

In the hot summer, in terms of cooling and refrigeration of the sun room, how can there be less heat from the summer heat?-The blessing of air conditioning.However, its energy consumption is relatively large, and it is not enough energy to save energy and environmental protection. We can use various ways to adjust the indoor temperature to provide comfort for ourselves while minimizing the cost.

[Sunshine room curtain] Can the sun room use ordinary curtains?What curtains do sunshine rooms do?

What is the sun room?

Sunshine room is also called glass room.The Sunshine room uses glass and metal framework from all -round non -traditional buildings to achieve the goal of enjoying the sun and getting close to nature.Sunshine room is a building respected by natural and fashionable people at home and abroad.The Sunshine room is a wide range of victory industries that are widely studied in North China and Shanghai. It needs to be designed and built according to the needs of the site and personal hobbies. The interior layout can be decorated according to personal preference.The balcony or terrace Sunshine room is in the entire room, so visual connection is very important.

Can the sun room use ordinary curtains?

Most ordinary curtains only provide Shading and decorative effects.The warmth and sound insulation that can be achieved by curtains are almost equivalent.Because the traditional houses and sun rooms are different in sunlight.Traditional houses need a quiet space, and curtains with high shielding strength are the first choice.Or curtains can provide a bright design for the room.

The Sunshine room requires no lighting products that can not block light but can block heat and harmful fiber. It is best not to affect the viewing.Therefore, ordinary home costume curtains are not suitable for sunshine rooms and cannot meet the requirements of the sun room.

What curtains do you use in the sun room?

1. Honeycomb curtain

Sunshine hive curtain is made of a new type of non -woven honeycomb fabric. It has a half -Shading, full -light, and full light transmittance. Honeycomb is similar to the honeycomb with strict lines.Blocking ultraviolet rays and very easy to clean.The honeycomb curtain uses ceramic electrophoretic paint technology, with a variety of colors and not easy to fade.In addition, the curtains of this material have excellent corrosion resistance and excellent heat dissipation, which can provide good use effects.

2. ceiling curtain

Because the sun room has no wall cover, the entire space is directly contacted with the outside world. The design of the Shading curtains can well block the light to block the cold wind.The ceiling curtain is made of environmentally -friendly polyester. The environmental protection material first ensures the health and nature of indoor air. Secondly, there are many colors to choose from, which can create different sun room decoration effects.Through the three modes of FTS, FSS, and FCS, you can use manual or electric ways to use more convenience. At the same time, various different curtain forms can be applied to a sun room with different external contours.

3, twisted roller

The tingling curtain is made of naturally rampant. The curtains are very natural and healthy, and it is closer to nature through pure handicraft.The use of hemp rolling curtains in the sun room can bring different aesthetic perspectives. At the same time, because the hemp can absorb odor, it can adsorb the odor gas in the sun room when used, and can effectively cover the sun.The tingling curtain also has a natural resistance to ultraviolet rays, which can protect the human body to protect ultraviolet rays.

1. Suitable Plant Garden plant

1. Brown tree: It has both ornamental value, and the trunk can also be used as a pavilion. The brown hair can be used as medicine. The function is to stop bleeding, treat vomiting blood, and leaks all diseases.

2. Orange tree: and orange tree.It symbolizes auspiciousness, the fruit is red and yellow, full of festiveness. Potted citrus is an important decoration of people in the Chinese New Year. The orange leaves have more relief and liver and depression, which can bring joy to the home.

3, bamboo: Su Dongpo Yun: "It is better to eat without meat, not to live without bamboo." bamboo is an elegant symbol, without fear of the southeast and northwest, it can also become the Feng Shui protective forest of the home.

4, Huai Tree: The locust tree is hard in quality. It can be a green tree, sidewalk trees, etc. It is considered to represent "Lu" in Feng Shui.Therefore, locust trees are very high in the trees, and the town house is authoritative.

5. Gui Shu: According to legend, there is a laurel tree in the middle of the month, and the osmanthus flowers are wood rhinos. Guizhi can be used as medicine. The function is to avoid wind evil and reconcile.song Zhiyun said: "Guizi fell in the middle of the moon, and the incense clouds floated outside." Guihua symbolizes Gao Jie, and the summer osmanthus is fragrant. It is a natural air fresh agent.

6. Ganoderma lucidum: Ganoderma lucidum is warm and sweet, nourished, and strong, strong bones, and has the effect of ornamental. It is a sign of longevity. Since ancient times, it is regarded as a oblse. Lukou or crane mouth is a common theme of auspicious pictures.

7. Plum: The plum tree has a strong adaptability to the soil. The flowers bloom in five petals and are high and rich. Its five petals have the meaning of "plums and five blessings", which has an improvement effect on the blessing of the home.

8. Rongshu: The meaning of "there is a banyan is big, and there is no desire".

9. Jujube Tree: planting jujube trees in the courtyard, Yukou early, one step is a step.

10. Pomegranate: It contains the auspicious signs of multi -child and blessing, which is very rich and rich.

11. Grape: Grape vines are entangled with vines, symbolizing intimacy. Since ancient times, there are the Grape Set of the Grape frame to meet, and the summer in the shade of the grapes is also a great thing in life.

12. Begonia: The flowers bloom brightly, making the rich and rich, and the Hua of Tang Dynasty symbolizes the harmony of the brothers and its joy.

Second, courtyard plants taboo

1. Rongshu

There is a saying that Rongshu is not allowed to people.From a scientific point of view, the trees such as banyan trees can easily cause harm to the building when they grow up. Once they grow up, they must prevent lightning strikes before and after the house.The roots of banyan trees are prosperous.Behind the house and the back of the house, you can pass through the hall.Qigan villain.Seeing it in front of the house is also evil. There are many roots, and the aura is not good, so there will be a saying that "the banyan tree is not allowed"!

2, Peach Tree (the meaning of escape -escape)

There is no peach tree in ordinary courtyard design. If you want your customers to be heart -minded, you cannot grow peach trees. This is a discussion of design psychology, not superstition of ancient legends.Tao peach forest, thousands of yin and ghosts often gathered here, caught in the world.Therefore, Tao Lin recruited ghosts from this. It is passed on to the essence of the five elements and can make a hundred ghosts.

3. Willow (exile)

There is also a willow tree that cannot be planted in front of the door. Is there such a statement?In Feng Shui, willow trees are negative plants.Main rumors, yin evil, etc.Therefore, the same as the role of peach trees, the wicker is inserted into the portal to drive evil spirits.

4, Sycamore

There is also the saying that you do nt plant loose, do nt plant brown!As the saying goes, "There are sycamores in the Phoenix in the family", which is considered an ominous meaning. The sycamore "soundless, so avoid Wu Wu in Feng Shui!

Third, courtyard plant feng shui pay attention to

1. The choice of the type of tree

There is a choice for planting trees in the courtyard.Feng Shui believes that plants are divided into two categories.There are two criteria for dividing the murderer:

The first is to divide whether there are poisonous gas and venom as the standard. This has a certain scientific basis.If some scholars think that night incense will emit a large amount of particles that strongly stimulate the smell, which will adversely affect patients with heart disease and hypertension. The flowers of the oleander are poisonous., Too much contact with hair is easy to fall off, etc. It is a fierce tree and should not be planted in courtyard.

The second is to discuss fierce goodness in the shape of the tree, such as "big trees, qi pain and defeat", "trees flexed humpback, Ding Cai retreats", "trees are like vulcan cows, and many snails have many diseases."All trees that are not long -term and dignified, and the development of abnormal development is fierce.This is probably a psychological or traditional humanistic aesthetic concept.As for Jishu, it is determined based on the characteristics of the plant and the meaning of the harmonic, and in real life, people are concentrated in this view. 13 plants such as jujube, pomegranate, grapes, begonias, etc. are Zengji plants, and 8 plants such as peaches, willow, Ai, Ginkgo, cypress, dogwood, non -sufferings, gourds, etc. have the effect of turning evil spirits. Since people agree with this view We should refer to the garden design.

2. About planting position

Contraindications: It is not advisable to plant in the center of the courtyard

The center of the courtyard should not plant trees, and the roots of the tree will destroy the flat courtyard.The big tree is easy to block the sun's sunlight, which is not conducive to lighting.In addition, if the leaves are often dropped by fallen leaves, it is difficult to clean, and it is also hindered by beauty and hygiene.In addition, it is not suitable for the position of its own door.

Taboo 2: There should be no tree tilt in front of the house

If there is a tilt tree in front of the house, it means that the sunshine of the house has a specific angle, and the growth of the trees is always in the inherent direction. It is likely that the trunk is likely to not support the branches and there are hidden safety hazards.

Taboo 3: It is not advisable to have dead trees in the front door

If all the trees are withered and rotten, there may be problems in the ground here. If people live here, people's luck will also run according to the prosperity of its luck.On the other hand, the dead tree is in front of the door and forms a shadow in vision and psychology, affecting the mood of the family. Over time, it will adversely affect the occupants.If there is a dead tree in front of the house, you should immediately cut off the new trees and new lawns, or think about it.

Taboo 4: There should be no trees in front of the window

The shadow shadow and mottled light and shadow outside the window will bring a refreshing mood to the occupants, but it should be noted that the tree should not be too close to the window, otherwise it will cause the wet air, which is not conducive to the health of the occupants.Generally speaking, the tree in front of the window will leave more than 2 meters.Houses and trees should form a friendly relationship.The ancients said, "The tree is good at the house, and the house is fierce."If a tree is in the space for survival with the house, then it must form a departure with the house. On the contrary, if the tree and the house are friendly, the two will "support each other."The trees are the shades of the house, which helps the building quality of the house and the health of the residents.

3 About the number of trees

Feng Shui claims reasonable dense planting.It believes that when the surrounding situation is large and narrow, it is not necessary to plant trees, otherwise it will help its yin; only those who are left and right behind are sparse, they will be densely planted to obstacle their emptiness.We agree with this view, but some of the following discussions are too superstitious and too heavy. We can abandon: "The unique tree is the door, the mother -in -law and the grandchildren", "the door is to the forest, the sudden illness is murderer", "in front of the door", "in front of the door" Double trees, livestock hurts people "," There are no left trees and right, there are many fierce good luck "," left tree three or five, husband and wife is grammed "," two trees clip houses, funeral and flesh "," single tree flat show, two surnames, two surnames "Dont harmonize", "the left tree is heavy, and the fiscal year is prosperous."

Fourth, maintenance points

The courtyard is an ideal place for planting flowers. The choice of flowers should be determined according to the requirements of the venue size, direction and purpose.If it is north and high -rise buildings, Yin Sheng plant should be selected.The place is large, and the surrounding area can be planted with yang, winter green or winter corals. If the venue is not large, you can plant grass flowers and arrange grass flower beds.The garden three -dimensional model is to raise flowers, beautify the environment, the fragrant floats, and the reasonable layout. It should be carefully planned to do a good job of the four seasons of flower varieties.

To grow flowers and trees in the courtyard, it is best to choose a multi -capable variety, which is both available to flowers, also viewed, or both the varieties of fruits, as well as leaves.Of course, it is impossible.Before the type of selection and start planting, we must turn the soil in the courtyard again to remove weeds and stones.If there are more construction waste for a baby and baby, you must consider changing the soil.

1. Cable link model

General cable hooks are linked to mineral cables. The specifications are 20, 30, 40, 55, 70, 80, 100, and 5 hooks and 8 hooks.

<table style="width:80%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">

IA

hook length (mm)

Maximum tension (n)

8 2

166 2

4100

20 2

110 2

4100

30 2

122 2

4100

40 2

127 2

4200

50 2

144 2

4200

60 2

156 2

4200

70 2

167 2

80 2

189 2

100 2

209 2

84 2

40 2

60 2

77 2

table>

2. How many meters are the cable hook per meter

In the telecommunications engineering budget, the cable is hooked about 50cm to put one. To be precise, it is linked to 2060 cables per 1km.

ConstructionGenerally, one interval is 0.6-0.8 meters.

Third, cable hook installation method

1. Select the suitable cable hook according to the cable model and outer diameter. Every 1.2m to 1.8m (can also be limited to the cable is not drooped) as a suspension unit, each unit is linked to one or more cables according to one or more cables.

2. During the suspension, first fix the hook on the wall of the well. When the hook is fixed, the arc hook is vertically drooping when the hook is fixed.If multiple cable Hanging, one set of hooks and two skewers must be adopted.The construction personnel first connect the hooks on the ground, and then fix it according to the previous method.

3. When the two hooks are connected in series, first align one hook hole to align with another hook rod, press it hard, so that the Hanging rod enters the holes completely, and then rotate with the arc hook to make the two hook straight rod sections become sections.180 .

4. After confirming that the cable enters the curved hook as a whole, the construction staff can let go of the cable.

(1) Each unit can be linked in series and the number is not easy to exceed 10.

(2) In order to improve the quality of the suspension, the hooked straight pole segment is best to close the well -closed during static.

(3) It is strictly forbidden to quickly send the cable into the arc hook by the volley jumping method, which may make the curved hook to withstand the weight of the cable and the human body in an instant, causing a break.

(4) After confirming that the cable overall enters the curved hook, the construction staff can let go of the cable.