[GPS Technology] The main key technology of GPS chip is the three generations of GPS chips 9 major knowledge

With the development of science and technology, the development of GPS navigation is increasingly worth looking forward to, and the development of the core technology of GPS chip is the most worthy of our concern.In the process of the development of GPS chips, "miniaturization" has always been an important development direction, which has led the GPS chipset to reduce power consumption and reduce volume.The system can provide detailed and accurate positioning information and traffic information, which can easily achieve the CPS satellite navigation function.

In recent years, due to the increase in chip manufacturers and providing integrity solutions, module manufacturers are more likely to develop integrated products. Therefore, a large number of manufacturers have invested in the production of receiver products.The effect of helping the GPS boom has also caused the price of GPS chips with the highest cost of GPS machine costs, and the GPS chip used to provide consumer electronics products has also begun to show their figures. In addition, chip manufacturers have gradually improved their performance performanceTherefore, the chip positioning ability has gradually closer.Under this trend, how GPS chip products win the affirmation of buyers, and have become the key factor in competing with each GPS chip in the market.

Speaking of the main key technologies of GPS chips, this includes responsible signal processing -base frequency (Baseband) and receiving signal -RF (RF).Since the GPS signal frequency (1575.42MHz) comes from a high altitude of 20,000 kilometers from the ground, the signal is very unstable, so the antenna receiving signal has been enlarged, filtered noise, frequency reduction, and sampling (RFFRORONT END) after the antenna receiving signal, and then passes throughAfter RF, the signal enters the base frequency processing section, and the digital signal sampled in the previous paragraph is calculated and output to facilitate the use of user interfaces. Among them, the GPS Baseband DSP chip is the core component, which is responsible for processing the address signal.

Based on the above, the two parts of RF and the base frequency include micro -processor Microprocessar, low noise amplifier (LNA), digital ections, RF Section, antenna Ele -Ment.), Output into several important components of the drive (GPI andDrivers) and the PRO -CESSOR PERIPHERALS.The integration of various GPS chip solutions on the market makes the GPS chip market is facing great variables.The first is "miniaturization". Looking back at the development history of GPS chips in recent years, with the combination of GPS and other products, and emphasizing that the volume of the terminal product is light and short, the GPS chip direction of the system single chipization of the system is an inevitable trend.At present, manufacturers can divide radio frequency or base frequency single chips for GPS single -chipization, and integrate more functionality.In the RF chip part, many manufacturers have integrated amplifier, filter, frequency reduction, frequency synthesizer and oscillator;Flash), power management time clock, etc.

Therefore, we see that the size of the GPS chip has gradually narrowed, and the GPS chip has developed from a dual module to a single module. In the future, GPS equipment products will become more and more vigorous, and chip demand will become greater.In addition, GPS chips will also face customer -based demand. In the past, most GPS chips were in the automotive market.At present, GPS chip applications have begun to be used in mobile phones and PDAs, or special personal carrying devices, such as the tracker for the elderly and children.The GPS chip may also be integrated with other functions, such as Bluetooth, USB, etc.Therefore, more and more customized modules designed for special applications will also be increasing.At present, most of the global investment in GPS chip development is mostly with foreign manufacturers, such as Sirf, Ti, XEMICS, FreeScalc, STM and other large manufacturers have launched GPS chips. Among them, Sirf is the world's largest GPS chip manufacturer. The product line is quite complete and can provide a full range of series.Solution product.

GPSKnowledge descriptionGPS"Three -generation chip" knowledge

Recently, in GPS products, the so -called "three -generation chips" are often mentioned.However, neither merchants and users have clearly explained and understand, and even misleading and misunderstanding.Exchange your own experience and views with you.

1. GPS chip: There are currently three main chips on the international (common/more popular) GPS module (common/more popular) GPS module (common/more popular) GPS module (OEM board).

(1) American SIRF (SIRF)

(2) Sony (Sony Ericsson/Sony Ericsson) chip

(3) Swiss Nenem NEMERIX chip

2. The core of the third -generation chip:

The chip hardware is similar, but internal software plays a main role.The so -called core technology of the three generations is only to improve the software algorithm on the basis of the 2nd generation. It is like the formula for calculating the acceleration/speed in the primary and high school physics classes, but in the university's higher mathematics, the number of guides and points in the university to calculate the same acceleration/The physical problems (algorithms) of speed are different. The time used is very different. It reflects the difference between middle school and university, just like the 2nd and 3rd generations.The second is that the hardware also provides quality standards.

3. The main function of the three -generation chip software:

3 generations of chip software improvement upgrade: (1) Algorithm improvement improves the stars/positioning speed time.(2) Improve anti -interference performance, signal -to -noise ratio, and receive effective star numbers through software filters.(3) Some chip implementation software DR trace (rotation) calculation, improving anti -high -rise buildings, shade, underpass cover and tunnel function.(4) soft channel search, search to increase the number of channels for visual satellites (12-24), and can continue to position when personnel, vehicles, uphill, and posture changes, airplanes, and Ship star calendars changes.

4. Three -generation chip hardware improvement:

(1) The power consumption of the chip is reduced and the volume is reduced (compared with the 2nd generation).

(2) Improve anti -interference capacity, full shielding or dual chip separation.

5. GPS module and product:

gpsgpsEven wires, connectors, etc. look irrelevant components).

6, antenna is an important factor:

GPS antennas must be used in common GPS products such as handheld, PDA, Bluetooth, G-MOUSE, etc., regardless of active, passive, or even omniscient antenna, more than a dozen performance indicators, angle (except for 1600 maximum full antenna), DB of amplifiers, impedance range, material, anti-interference ability and module matching determine the performance of the entire product, and even 2-3 antennas (above and bottom) on the aircraft.position.In other words, the 3 -generation module is very good, and the antenna may not match the 2nd generation products.

7, number of channels:

Three stars are two-dimensional, 4 stars are three-dimensional positioning. This is the basic principle of GPS. We use 11-12 pieces on the ground (because the antenna is 160 degrees angle).) You can collect a few more (must be omnidirectional or more or more antennas), but it also takes 3-4 of the 3-4 signal and the nearest effective satellite for calculation positioning.Four channel positioning, a channel quickly search for all visual satellites, and compared with 4 of the effective stars, it is replaced by one of them, so that 4 strongest signal satellites are maintained.Therefore, the higher the passage, the better, the generally 12 are enough. What 16, 18, 20, 24 ... are soft channels, which reflect the number of visible satellites that can be searched for viewing satellites. It has no practical significance.

8. Induction (DB number):

The degree of induction of GPS receiving signal (-150-195DB) The standards of each manufacturer are not uniform, some are modules, some are modules contain antenna, some are the average, some are peaks (maximum value).Everyone's actual environment (electric field, magnetic field, high-voltage, microwave, geomagnetic ...) is very different. Therefore, the difference between this indicator is 3-5DB, which is not related to the order of order, but it is probably a approximate reference.

9. The obvious advantages of third -generation products (actual effects):

As long as the user needs to understand the specific technical indicators of the three -generation chip, it is more important to observe whether there is the following characteristics.

(1) Fast positioning time: Regardless of the cold start, Wen Qi, and the heat, the re-capture time is almost 5-30 seconds (compared to the second generation). In fact, most users are not worse than these ten seconds.

(2) High sensitivity: that is, in high -rise buildings, shade, underpass, cover files, Suidong, windows, cars, and even under the chassis of the car, you can quickly position more than 4 satellites.It is often said that it can be positioned a bit (single -star positioning), that is, "Give some Sunshine".

(3) Anti -interference performance: high -voltage lines, electric fields, magnetic fields, high -speed dynamics, microwaves, mobile phones, can still work properly in the environment of frequency interference.

(4) Low power consumption and power saving: reduce power consumption, and even have sleep state (static does not work), which can save power and improve product standby time.

(5) Small volume, good performance and price comparison: small volume and light weight. This is the needs and development trend of society, which can expand more application scope and field.In fact, the price of the three-generation chip should be the same as the second generation, or even lower, but the function is much improved. T-38 (16 channels, 3rd generations) 200-300 yuan/block.

1. How much tiles are Solar street lights generally

The light source tile digital of Solar street lights directly affects its lighting effect. The size of Solar street lights on the market is mainly related to its height:

1. 5 meters of Solar street lights are equipped with light sources: 9 watts-18 watts.

2. 6 meters of Solar street lights are equipped with light sources: 18 watts-30 watts.

3. 7 meters of Solar street lights are equipped with light sources: 30 watts-42 watts.

4. 8 meters of Solar street lights are equipped with light sources: 42 watts -60 watts.

5, 9 meters of Solar street lights are equipped with light sources: 60 watts-80 watts.

6, 10 meters of Solar street lights are equipped with light sources: 80-100 watts.

Second, the larger the Solar street lamp, the bigger the brighter, the brighter, the

The tiles of light are the energy required for a certain amount of light. In general, the higher the tile, the brighter the light, but the greater the power it uses, but for Solar street lightsThe bigger the big one.

The light and darkness of Solar street lights is not completely determined by Watshu, but is affected by various factors such as power, lumen, and configuration. There are some Solar street lights called hundreds of watts and thousands of watts on the market. Many of them are virtual standards.Some, known as 200 watts, may be a 30 -watt lamp, because of the technology and battery technology limited by the battery board, Solar street lamps can not reach 200 watts or even 300 watts and 500 watts.

Therefore, don't blindly believe that the Solar street lights of high -watt counts. For example, Solar street lights installed in the countryside have chosen more than 30 watts earlier, and now it is basically 40 watts, 50 watts, and 60 watts.

1. What facilities and equipment do hydroponic vegetables need

The cultivation and planting of hydroponic vegetables are usually carried out in the greenhouse.In order to ensure the normal and healthy growth of vegetables, light adjustment facilities, ventilation facilities, and temperature and humidity adjustment facilities must be provided in the greenhouse greenhouse.Anti -insects are also hung in summer to prevent insect pests.

The composition of hydroponic facilities and equipment is composed of nutritional solution grooves, seedling equipment, cultivation pools and cultivation plates, liquid adding systems, drainage systems, circular systems, etc.

1. Nutritional tank

Nutritional solution grooves are used to store nutrients. Generally, bricks and cement are made into water sinks.The specific width of the nutritional groove can be flexibly designed according to the greenhouse terrain.

2. seedling equipment

The seedling equipment is used to sow and seedlings, consisting of seedlings and breeding matrix.The seedlings are mostly made of plastic with flat bottoms without leakage. The plate is 60 cm, 30 cm wide, and 3 cm high.The breeding matrix can choose a sponge block or a degradable rock wool block with a large porosity.

3. Cultivation pool and cultivation board

The cultivation pool is the main site of vegetable growth and the main part of hydroponic facilities.vegetables are planted on the cultivation board and placed in the cultivation pool.The root of the vegetables obtains moisture, nutrients, and oxygen from the nutrient solution in the pool, thereby meeting the physiological needs of normal growth.

The cultivation pool is generally made of cement, and its shape and size are different depending on the types of different vegetables. The cultivation ponds for cultivation of leafy dishes are generally large, up to 100 meters long, up to tens of meters wide, and the specific size will be.Depending on the area of the greenhouse.The cultivation pool of fruit dishes is generally smaller, with a length of 3 meters and a width of 1.5 meters.Both cultivation pools are rectangular, and the pool depth requires 30 cm.In addition, the cultivation pond also has ditch types and pipeline types, but these two cultivation pools are mostly used for small -scale production and viewing purposes.

The cultivation board is also known as the implant plate. It is used to fix the root of vegetables to prevent dust invasion, cover the light of light, and prevent the algae from generating and maintaining the temperature of the nutrient solution in the pool.The cultivation board is generally made of polystyrazene board. According to the types of vegetables and the needs of different growth periods, their specifications and sizes are also different. Generally, they are 80 to 100 cm, 50 to 70 cm wide, and 3 cm thick.The planted pores with a diameter of 3 cm are divided into 288 pores, 99 -hole boards, 72 -hole boards, 24 -hole boards, 18 -hole boards, 6 -hole boards, etc. according to the hole distance.

4. Add liquid, drainage system and nutritional fluid circulation system

The governance of hydroponic facilities is generally pumped into the cultivation pool by the pump.The pool is kept 5 to 8 cm deep water Levels, and the facilities that cultivate the pond adding liquid are composed of iron or plastic -made liquid addresses and plastic -made liquid support.

The nutrient solution was pulled out of the pump from the nutritional groove, and the liquid coefficient and the liquid branch Tube entered the cultivation pond, which was absorbed by the root of the vegetables.The nutrient solution higher than the ductal is flowing back to the nutritional groove through the drainage groove to complete a cycle.

2. Homemade hydroponic vegetable planting equipment

Materials: PVC water pipe diameter 110 series, diameter 75 series, 50 series diameter, 110 rpm 75 supplement core, 75 ride 50 supplement core, 110 corners

Bend, 50 corner bend, PVC glue, a bucket or water tank above 30L, a submersible pump (over 2.5 meters), silicone Tube, throat hoop, throat,, throat,, throat,

Timing plug.

tools: saw, electric diamond, open -hole, tape measure, marking pen

Production process:

1. The place where the hydroponic pipeline is placed must be sufficient, and it is best to facing south.Observe the light situation and place hydroponic pipelines in places suitable for planting.There are many forms of hydroponic equipment, including newspaper shelves and box hydroponic devices. Although the structure is different, the principle is that the root system of plants extends into the water to absorb nutrient solution.The root of the plant in the system.Some special plants, such as: the roots of water spinach and green dill are not high in the oxygen content in the nutrient solution, and can also be cultivated by static water.But in general, the flowing nutrients are better, suitable for most vegetables and plants.

2. You can find a lot of hydroponic equipment on Taobao and choose the appropriate direct order.But if you want a set of hydroponic systems that are suitable for your own, you can only DIY.Measure the size and calculate the length of the PVC pipeline you need to purchase the material.It is recommended to use a PVC Tube with a diameter of 110mm. In addition to planting vegetables with leafy vegetables, it can also be used to plant eggplant vegetables such as Pepper, tomato, okra, and strawberries.Even in the 110 pipes, the developed fruits and fruits of Cucumber and loofah have succeeded.The pipelines with a diameter of 75mm are only suitable for planting leafy vegetables, such as lettuce, cabbage, spinach, coriander, etc.

3. When designing, pay attention to the 110 pipes and finally convert it into a 50 Tube with two times. The planting pipes are connected with a 50 -sized Tube.This is to retain a certain depth nutrient solution in the planting pipe, so that the root system of the plant is always soaked in the nutrient solution.If you use only one time to make the core from 110 to 75 sizes, it will only be less nutrients staying in the pipeline. When the root system of the plant is underdeveloped in the early stage, it may not be a liquid surface.The entire hydroponic pipeline should form a circular system.The submersible pump in the bucket pumps the nutrient solution to the water inlet, and the overflowing port will circulate a circle of nutrients and then flow back to the bucket.When designing, it is necessary to consider factors such as the direction of the water flow, the level of the level, the flow, and the low -level pipelines overflowing.4. Measted the size of the pipeline, and after the material is good, use an electric drill and add a hole to drill the pores of the planting basket on the pipe.The size of the opening device is determined according to the size of the planting basket.The previous spacing of each planting hole is 20cm, which can meet the growth requirements of most vegetables.You can adjust the hole distance to 10cm, so that a lot of space can be saved during the seedling period. After the vegetables grow up, the middle vegetable seedlings will be kept at a reasonable distance.5. Pipes and accessories that are meticulous with the size of the size are bonded with PVC glue. Pay attention to as much glue as much as possible to avoid leakage.After sticking to it, you can test the water 24 hours. Observe whether the water flow is normal, and whether there is water leakage and overflow.If the design is reasonable and the construction is carefully, there should not be too much problems in testing water.

6. After the water test is successful, you can add a timer to the power supply of the submersible pump.Because plants do not need too much oxygen at night, they can be set to work for the diving pump from 7 am to 7 days in the evening. After 7 o'clock in the evening, it can be circulated once a hour and a cycle for 10 minutes.

1. How to use Outdoor mobile power supply

1. Take out the Outdoor portable power supply and turn on the "AC On/OFF" switch. At this time, the display screen is on, proving that the Outdoor power AC 220V output function is turned on and the power supply starts to work.

2. Insert the power supply equipment that need to be used into an output socket on the Outdoor portable power supply, and turn on the switch of the electric equipment to start power supply.

3. After use, turn off the power switch and unplug the power equipment.

2. precautions for the use of Outdoor mobile power supply

1. Please read the manual carefully before use.Improper use will cause abnormal phenomena such as damage, overheating, smoking, and fire.

2. Do not throw, impact or rub the products violently, so as not to cause other abnormal phenomena such as depression, perforation, cracking, deformation, and corrosion.If the above situation has already occurred, stop using it immediately.

3. In addition to the charging cable configured in this machine, please do not use other methods or machines to charge Outdoor mobile power.If you use other methods to charge the product, please read the instruction manual carefully in advance.

4. Can not be used in low temperature environments for a long time. If the Outdoor mobile power supply is transferred from a warm environment to a low -temperature environment, or in a low temperature environment for a long time, it may be condensed on the PCB board with a certain temperature.When the dew phenomenon is more serious, the short -circuit may occur.Therefore, everyone should pay attention to changes in temperature. It is best to use above 0 C, which is safer and durable.

5. Don't throw, knock, and shake the power supply at will.The severe shaking can easily lead to dislocation of the internal structure of the lithium battery, causing short circuits, and burning the battery.If the battery core is not good or the control circuit does not do well, it is likely that the lithium battery will spontaneously ignite or even explode.

6. The Outdoor mobile power supply that is not used frequently should be charged and discharged once a month to extend the service life of the mobile power supply.If you do not need to move the power for a long time, it is best to keep 50%of the power for storage.

1. What wheel is easy to use in front

The pole of the front is a type of hand and the sea. The biggest feature of this fishing rod is that there are fishing wars and wire rings. Other aspects are almost the same as the hand pole. In fact, many front poles are modified by the fishermen.fishing with a pole is more advantageous than the hand pole. The following editors will be used for science to use the wheels to match the pole!

The front pole should be equipped with a special front wheel. If the rate of medium fish is relatively high, it must be equipped with a number of front -to -line wheels.There are also many fishermen who are equipped with micro -lead wheels in front of them. Although the key points, it is very convenient to use.

2. What is the matching method of the lines of the stab

There is a problem that has always troubled us: that is the small hook. If you encounter a big thing, it will inevitably destroy the line and run the fish.what to do?This tests the line group matching method of the pole.

First install the pole and wheel, and the main line of Taiwan fishing is generally selected by 1.0-2.0#directly, around the front wheel, the front end line heads through each metal coil of the pole, and the online head is tied to the pole head rope.

Then, as the Taiwan fishing, seven space Beans, a drifting seat, a fast lead, a 8-character ring, connected to 0.4-1.5#sub-line dual hooks.

Then take the Fishing rods all seasons, the disclosure is adjusted, the drift bait, and the same fishing method as the Taiwanese fishing. Such a line group matching method is that you are not afraid of encountering big things.

The above is the whole content of what wheel is easy to use and the line group matching method of the front pole. I hope to help you!