What is lacquer carving

Lacquer sculpture is a traditional Chinese arts and crafts, also known as Cong Hong. Its skills began in Han and Tang.The process process is extremely complicated.Making paint, tire making, polishing, degeneration of light, etc. The process is complicated and the use is very long. Therefore, the large lacquer carving is also extremely expensive.Paint carvings are a technique that clean the pattern on the piled plane paint tire.The Yuan and Ming dynasties were introduced into Beijing.After the hard work of lacquer carving artists, the lacquer carving skills gradually matured, and the lacquerware has become arts and crafts with Beijing characteristics.Beijing lacquer carving is well -known as Hunan Xiangxiu and Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, and is known as "the three leaders of Chinese arts and crafts."Over the years, lacquer carving has been favored by lacquer carving art lovers at home and abroad with its unique craftsmanship.

Value of lacquer carving

1. Cultural value

Tianshui carving lacquer skills occupy an important position in Chinese lacquer art. It is a typical representative of the traditional handicrafts of Han nationality in the Northwest region.

First of all, the design of Tianshui carving lacquer products is mostly a master of high -level arts and crafts masters, which is beautiful and generous.Its product aesthetic is strong, combined with carving, inlaid, and paint, with exquisite craftsmanship and exquisite design.Secondly, Tianshui carving lacquer products can not only decorate the cultural atmosphere of home life, increase the taste of life, and increase the taste of life, but also the best choice for the wall decoration of high -end halls such as hotels, hotels, to set out it or a magnificent or noble elegance for it.Or a clear and free environment; at the same time, it can be used as a gift and a collection of value preservation and appreciation, and passed down from generation to generation. She is still shining after hundreds of years.

2. Economic value

Tianshui carved lacquer products are famous at home and abroad, and carved lacquer products themselves have a lot of room for appreciation and collection value.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, it has been a local pillar industry for a while, and has played a very important role in local economic construction.Due to the gradual development of carving lacquer production skills, the employment problems of considerable number of personnel have been solved.Secondly, in addition to meeting the domestic market needs, Tianshui carving lacquer products have been exported to 37 countries and regions, which has had a huge impact on the development of the local economic development. With the continuous development of the economy, Tianshui carving lacquer skills and product markets have great development.potential.

3. Historical value

As a traditional Chinese cultural carrier, Tianshui carving lacquer skills have played an important role in the development and continuation of Chinese lacquer arts; it has provided a lot of detailed evidence for the research of carving lacquer production skills;Essence

Paint -carving quotation

The process of carving lacquer is quite complicated. It is not one person to do it. It takes a dozen procedures to complete it. Among them, the painting process is the most time -consuming process.A real red work must be carved with a paint with a thickness of 15-25 mm.Generally speaking, one millimeter thick paint must be brushed 17 times. Each paint can only be dried indoors, not baked or sun, and can only be brushed 2-3 times a day.Therefore, the production cycle of a good lacquered artwork takes 6-8 months, or even more than 2-3 years.According to professionals, the basic materials of carved lacquer raw paint and cinnabar are also very precious.A lacquer tree produced only 10 kilograms of lacquer for 50 years, and the output of red cinnabar mixed in the paint was also very rare.

Due to this kind of reason, lacquer carving works increased daily in the market.At the Sotheby's auction in Hong Kong in 2007, a Ming Dynasty carved lacquer plate with a diameter of only 23 cm was shot 11.26 million Hong Kong dollars, setting a world record.Experts are also valued at 800,000 yuan.

Lacquer carving identification method

1. Look at the slurry:No matter how clever is the old method of a lacquer carving device, the feeling of patent leather feels different: even if the authenticity is well maintained, the air oxidation and smoke of hundreds of years will still leave a layer of pulp on the surface; and the surface; andThe tentacles made by oxalic acid are Smooth and impetuous, and you can even see the bright red paint under the magnifying glass.

2. Look at the bottom tire:Most of the pseudo -lacquer carving uses plastics such as polyester ethylene as a tire, which was impossible in ancient times.

3. Look at the money:Most lacquer carving has no money, including the "paint" of the Qing Palace Creation office.There are two categories of knowledge. Before the Ming Dynasty Xuande Nian, the bottom of the lacquer carved device was used to draw a "needle scratch" with a needle. After Xuande, he used the knife carved regular script year number and then filled in the gold.

Lacquer carving maintenance method

The lacquer carving is very sensitive to dry humidity, and it is difficult to save. It is 15-18 degrees Celsius. The humidity is most suitable for about 55%. It is too dry and easy to crack.If the environment is too dry, you can wrap the lacquerware with plastic wrap.

1. Suitable Plant Garden plant

1. Brown tree: It has both ornamental value, and the trunk can also be used as a pavilion. The brown hair can be used as medicine. The function is to stop bleeding, treat vomiting blood, and leaks all diseases.

2. Orange tree: and orange tree.It symbolizes auspiciousness, the fruit is red and yellow, full of festiveness. Potted citrus is an important decoration of people in the Chinese New Year. The orange leaves have more relief and liver and depression, which can bring joy to the home.

3, bamboo: Su Dongpo Yun: "It is better to eat without meat, not to live without bamboo." bamboo is an elegant symbol, without fear of the southeast and northwest, it can also become the Feng Shui protective forest of the home.

4, Huai Tree: The locust tree is hard in quality. It can be a green tree, sidewalk trees, etc. It is considered to represent "Lu" in Feng Shui.Therefore, locust trees are very high in the trees, and the town house is authoritative.

5. Gui Shu: According to legend, there is a laurel tree in the middle of the month, and the osmanthus flowers are wood rhinos. Guizhi can be used as medicine. The function is to avoid wind evil and reconcile.song Zhiyun said: "Guizi fell in the middle of the moon, and the incense clouds floated outside." Guihua symbolizes Gao Jie, and the summer osmanthus is fragrant. It is a natural air fresh agent.

6. Ganoderma lucidum: Ganoderma lucidum is warm and sweet, nourished, and strong, strong bones, and has the effect of ornamental. It is a sign of longevity. Since ancient times, it is regarded as a oblse. Lukou or crane mouth is a common theme of auspicious pictures.

7. Plum: The plum tree has a strong adaptability to the soil. The flowers bloom in five petals and are high and rich. Its five petals have the meaning of "plums and five blessings", which has an improvement effect on the blessing of the home.

8. Rongshu: The meaning of "there is a banyan is big, and there is no desire".

9. Jujube Tree: planting jujube trees in the courtyard, Yukou early, one step is a step.

10. Pomegranate: It contains the auspicious signs of multi -child and blessing, which is very rich and rich.

11. Grape: Grape vines are entangled with vines, symbolizing intimacy. Since ancient times, there are the Grape Set of the Grape frame to meet, and the summer in the shade of the grapes is also a great thing in life.

12. Begonia: The flowers bloom brightly, making the rich and rich, and the Hua of Tang Dynasty symbolizes the harmony of the brothers and its joy.

Second, courtyard plants taboo

1. Rongshu

There is a saying that Rongshu is not allowed to people.From a scientific point of view, the trees such as banyan trees can easily cause harm to the building when they grow up. Once they grow up, they must prevent lightning strikes before and after the house.The roots of banyan trees are prosperous.Behind the house and the back of the house, you can pass through the hall.Qigan villain.Seeing it in front of the house is also evil. There are many roots, and the aura is not good, so there will be a saying that "the banyan tree is not allowed"!

2, Peach Tree (the meaning of escape -escape)

There is no peach tree in ordinary courtyard design. If you want your customers to be heart -minded, you cannot grow peach trees. This is a discussion of design psychology, not superstition of ancient legends.Tao peach forest, thousands of yin and ghosts often gathered here, caught in the world.Therefore, Tao Lin recruited ghosts from this. It is passed on to the essence of the five elements and can make a hundred ghosts.

3. Willow (exile)

There is also a willow tree that cannot be planted in front of the door. Is there such a statement?In Feng Shui, willow trees are negative plants.Main rumors, yin evil, etc.Therefore, the same as the role of peach trees, the wicker is inserted into the portal to drive evil spirits.

4, Sycamore

There is also the saying that you do nt plant loose, do nt plant brown!As the saying goes, "There are sycamores in the Phoenix in the family", which is considered an ominous meaning. The sycamore "soundless, so avoid Wu Wu in Feng Shui!

Third, courtyard plant feng shui pay attention to

1. The choice of the type of tree

There is a choice for planting trees in the courtyard.Feng Shui believes that plants are divided into two categories.There are two criteria for dividing the murderer:

The first is to divide whether there are poisonous gas and venom as the standard. This has a certain scientific basis.If some scholars think that night incense will emit a large amount of particles that strongly stimulate the smell, which will adversely affect patients with heart disease and hypertension. The flowers of the oleander are poisonous., Too much contact with hair is easy to fall off, etc. It is a fierce tree and should not be planted in courtyard.

The second is to discuss fierce goodness in the shape of the tree, such as "big trees, qi pain and defeat", "trees flexed humpback, Ding Cai retreats", "trees are like vulcan cows, and many snails have many diseases."All trees that are not long -term and dignified, and the development of abnormal development is fierce.This is probably a psychological or traditional humanistic aesthetic concept.As for Jishu, it is determined based on the characteristics of the plant and the meaning of the harmonic, and in real life, people are concentrated in this view. 13 plants such as jujube, pomegranate, grapes, begonias, etc. are Zengji plants, and 8 plants such as peaches, willow, Ai, Ginkgo, cypress, dogwood, non -sufferings, gourds, etc. have the effect of turning evil spirits. Since people agree with this view We should refer to the garden design.

2. About planting position

Contraindications: It is not advisable to plant in the center of the courtyard

The center of the courtyard should not plant trees, and the roots of the tree will destroy the flat courtyard.The big tree is easy to block the sun's sunlight, which is not conducive to lighting.In addition, if the leaves are often dropped by fallen leaves, it is difficult to clean, and it is also hindered by beauty and hygiene.In addition, it is not suitable for the position of its own door.

Taboo 2: There should be no tree tilt in front of the house

If there is a tilt tree in front of the house, it means that the sunshine of the house has a specific angle, and the growth of the trees is always in the inherent direction. It is likely that the trunk is likely to not support the branches and there are hidden safety hazards.

Taboo 3: It is not advisable to have dead trees in the front door

If all the trees are withered and rotten, there may be problems in the ground here. If people live here, people's luck will also run according to the prosperity of its luck.On the other hand, the dead tree is in front of the door and forms a shadow in vision and psychology, affecting the mood of the family. Over time, it will adversely affect the occupants.If there is a dead tree in front of the house, you should immediately cut off the new trees and new lawns, or think about it.

Taboo 4: There should be no trees in front of the window

The shadow shadow and mottled light and shadow outside the window will bring a refreshing mood to the occupants, but it should be noted that the tree should not be too close to the window, otherwise it will cause the wet air, which is not conducive to the health of the occupants.Generally speaking, the tree in front of the window will leave more than 2 meters.Houses and trees should form a friendly relationship.The ancients said, "The tree is good at the house, and the house is fierce."If a tree is in the space for survival with the house, then it must form a departure with the house. On the contrary, if the tree and the house are friendly, the two will "support each other."The trees are the shades of the house, which helps the building quality of the house and the health of the residents.

3 About the number of trees

Feng Shui claims reasonable dense planting.It believes that when the surrounding situation is large and narrow, it is not necessary to plant trees, otherwise it will help its yin; only those who are left and right behind are sparse, they will be densely planted to obstacle their emptiness.We agree with this view, but some of the following discussions are too superstitious and too heavy. We can abandon: "The unique tree is the door, the mother -in -law and the grandchildren", "the door is to the forest, the sudden illness is murderer", "in front of the door", "in front of the door" Double trees, livestock hurts people "," There are no left trees and right, there are many fierce good luck "," left tree three or five, husband and wife is grammed "," two trees clip houses, funeral and flesh "," single tree flat show, two surnames, two surnames "Dont harmonize", "the left tree is heavy, and the fiscal year is prosperous."

Fourth, maintenance points

The courtyard is an ideal place for planting flowers. The choice of flowers should be determined according to the requirements of the venue size, direction and purpose.If it is north and high -rise buildings, Yin Sheng plant should be selected.The place is large, and the surrounding area can be planted with yang, winter green or winter corals. If the venue is not large, you can plant grass flowers and arrange grass flower beds.The garden three -dimensional model is to raise flowers, beautify the environment, the fragrant floats, and the reasonable layout. It should be carefully planned to do a good job of the four seasons of flower varieties.

To grow flowers and trees in the courtyard, it is best to choose a multi -capable variety, which is both available to flowers, also viewed, or both the varieties of fruits, as well as leaves.Of course, it is impossible.Before the type of selection and start planting, we must turn the soil in the courtyard again to remove weeds and stones.If there are more construction waste for a baby and baby, you must consider changing the soil.

1. Cable link model

General cable hooks are linked to mineral cables. The specifications are 20, 30, 40, 55, 70, 80, 100, and 5 hooks and 8 hooks.

<table style="width:80%;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" border="1" bordercolor="#000000">

IA

hook length (mm)

Maximum tension (n)

8 2

166 2

4100

20 2

110 2

4100

30 2

122 2

4100

40 2

127 2

4200

50 2

144 2

4200

60 2

156 2

4200

70 2

167 2

80 2

189 2

100 2

209 2

84 2

40 2

60 2

77 2

table>

2. How many meters are the cable hook per meter

In the telecommunications engineering budget, the cable is hooked about 50cm to put one. To be precise, it is linked to 2060 cables per 1km.

ConstructionGenerally, one interval is 0.6-0.8 meters.

Third, cable hook installation method

1. Select the suitable cable hook according to the cable model and outer diameter. Every 1.2m to 1.8m (can also be limited to the cable is not drooped) as a suspension unit, each unit is linked to one or more cables according to one or more cables.

2. During the suspension, first fix the hook on the wall of the well. When the hook is fixed, the arc hook is vertically drooping when the hook is fixed.If multiple cable Hanging, one set of hooks and two skewers must be adopted.The construction personnel first connect the hooks on the ground, and then fix it according to the previous method.

3. When the two hooks are connected in series, first align one hook hole to align with another hook rod, press it hard, so that the Hanging rod enters the holes completely, and then rotate with the arc hook to make the two hook straight rod sections become sections.180 .

4. After confirming that the cable enters the curved hook as a whole, the construction staff can let go of the cable.

(1) Each unit can be linked in series and the number is not easy to exceed 10.

(2) In order to improve the quality of the suspension, the hooked straight pole segment is best to close the well -closed during static.

(3) It is strictly forbidden to quickly send the cable into the arc hook by the volley jumping method, which may make the curved hook to withstand the weight of the cable and the human body in an instant, causing a break.

(4) After confirming that the cable overall enters the curved hook, the construction staff can let go of the cable.

What are the varieties of bamboo bonsai?

Luohan bamboo (Buddha bamboo), Golden Jade bamboo, Zizhu, Phoenix bamboo, Golden bamboo, these are very beautiful real bamboo varieties.It is not bamboo, but it is called bamboo, brown bamboo (Guanyin bamboo), rich bamboo, lily bamboo, etc.

bonsai bonsai planting

1. Watering

The management of bamboo bonsai should pay special attention to the supply of water. When the growth period of growth or high temperature in summer, watering and spraying water are diligent.Phenomenon.

2. Fertilization

(1) It should be used for acid or neutral soil when planting bamboo. It is best to contain some sandy quality in the soil. The farmland soil is also available. When it is planted into the pot, you can put the some Organic fertilizer.

(2) Potted bamboo likes water, so you can measure it slightly when fertilizing and watering, so that they can grow better.

(3) The fertilization time of potted bamboo can be determined once a month. This speed is relatively best for bamboo.

3. Pruning

bamboo can be printed on bamboo from June-July, pruning leaves and branches that are too dense or affect the overall shape.For bonsai that requires special shapes, the side branches of the side should be trimmed to help the new branches germinate; the new bamboo shoots should be removed in time.

4, turn the pot

bamboo categories are touched every 2 to 3 years.When turning the pot, pay attention to protect the roots of the whip roots, and use fertile and loose culture soil.After turning the basin, put it in the shade, and keep the pot soil moist, and spray the leaves of the leaves to prevent the leaves from shrinking.

5. Prevention and treatment of pests and insect pests

There are fewer pests in bamboo potted pests, mainly bamboo crickets, scale insects, aphids, etc., which can be sprayed with 800 times liquid liquid or 1000 to 1200 times with duves of enemy cachines.

Pay attention to planting bamboo at home

1. Is the bamboo bonsai setting home?

There are many morals of bamboo, and the meaning of different bamboo symbols is also different. For example, the yellow bamboo symbolizes the wealth of wealth, and the money is worry -free.The Buddha belly bamboo symbolizes the generosity and can accommodate the world's inconsistent things.Xiaoye Longzhu symbolizes his career.

2. Where is the good place at home?

(1) Stairs mouth

The position of bamboo in the stairwell will have the effect of enhancing Feng Shui, which can improve the family transport. It can also remove the evil spirits at the door and bring good luck to the home.

(2)

bamboo hangs at the door. Because the door is an inlet, the air here is more suitable for the growth of bamboo, and it is also conducive to the wealth in the prosperous family.

(3) Ming Finance

The position of the Ming financial position is the position of the diagonal line on the left or right side of the door of the house. This position is "symbolic financial position". You can place some mascots in this position.Putting on this position can make it better, and it will bring a steady stream of good luck and wealth.

1. The difference between garden scissors and ordinary scissors

1. Ordinary scissors are long and short.Gardening scissors, short blades, long.It is mainly to use the principle of leverage to increase the force arm, because branches are always harder than paper -cutting and cloth.

2. The edge of the ordinary scissors is a straight line. When it is used to cut the branches, the upper and lower blade mouth is pressed on the branches, which is easy to press the branches.The edge of the Gardening scissors (branches) is round. When cutting the pruning, the force used makes the upper blade gradually enter the branches, and the lower mouth will support the branches, and the branches will not break.Furthermore, branches are very effortless to use.

Second, the purpose of Gardening

1. Reasonable distribution of branches and leaves.That is, on the basis of plastic surgery, the branches and leaves of each part of the crown are adjusted dense, distributed direction, and leaf area coefficients to maximize the effective photosynthetic area of the canopy.

2. Adjust growth and results.Make the nutrition growth normally but long; the appropriate amount is flowers, strong but not weakening the trees; at the same time, it can prevent the fruit tree from aging in advance and update the reunion in time.

3. The proportion of branches composition.Different tree species and age requirements have corresponding and appropriate proportion of branches in order to enable the operation, distribution and consumption, accumulation of nutrients in the age of the year growth cycle, and coordinate according to the normal growth and reproductive rhythm.

4. Pruning can also balance the growth potential between group plants and the main branches on a plant, so as to achieve a balanced output and facilitate management.In addition, trimming is also a means to coordinate the growth of the ground with the root system.

3. How to use Gardening pruning and pruning correctly

When using Gardening and pruning, the correct holding method should be: the right hand of the right hand is upward, the four fingers are separated from the thumb, hold the handle of the scissors, the scissors of the scissors are upward, and the blade is to the right.When trimming the branches, the left hand should be closely cooperated with the right hand. While holding the right hand, the left hand is pushed to the right side of the branches to the right. With the principle of leverage, you can easily cut the branches.In this way, trimming fruit trees can not be trimmed continuously on the one hand, and on the other hand, the slippery wound is easy to heal. In addition, the fruit tree scissors are not easy to damage.