What are the self -rescue measures in the mountain climbing

1. Use the direction of nature to distinguish between nature

It is not terrible to be trapped by getting trapped. The key is how to find ways to go out after getting lost. It is very helpful to save some common knowledge about the common sense of survival in the wild.

Use the compass (north needle) to distinguish.A high -quality compass is a must -have for wild tourism, but the compass pointers point to"North" or " N "This direction is the direction of magnetic north, and there is a deviation angle with the direction of Zhenbei. The number of magnetic bias angles should be calculated to obtain an accurate direction.

The watch with a pointer is used to flatten the watch, the dial up, rotate the watch, and point the clockwise of the watch box to the sun.At this time, the timing of the table and the dial on the dial12 Points to form a angle, the direction of the extension of the angle flat line of this angle level is the south.

It also depends on the direction of nature.The Arctic Star is the best northern needle. The direction of the Arctic Star is the direction of the north.Beidou Qixing is also a big bear constellation, like a huge spoon, which is easy to find in the clear night sky. From the direction of the extension of the two stars on the spoon, about it.5 Double, there is a brighter star is the Arctic Star, that is, the north.

Judge the direction of plant growth.Trees, moss The lush crown should be the south, and the sparse side is the north.

In addition, the direction of the trees can be determined by observing the annual wheel of the trees.The sparse side of the annual wheel pattern faces south, and the dense side of the line faces north.

Second, the signal of distress first

Now basically everyone wears mobile phone and other communication equipment. If it is trapped on the mountain, the first way of asking for help is naturally using a mobile phone to call the police or contact relatives and friends.

However, there may be a bad phone signal on the mountain, or the mobile phone is out of power, so you need to master other ways to ask for help.

If you carry your whistle with you, please keep a whistle to attract the attention of others. The mountains are generally quieter and the sound can be passed far. If there is no whistle, it is also possible to call for help.But call for help should not be too frequent to prevent too much physical strength.

In the evening, fire is the most effective signaling method.Three piles of fires make it a triangle (international universal trapped signal), or line into a straight line.As long as time and situation permission, the fire will be piled up as soon as possible, and be careful not to extinguish them.

You can use branches, bright cloth strips, or other objects that are easier to see by the naked eye.SOS Or for help signals, if there are planes flying across the mountain, it will be easier to see.

In addition, if the wild adventure is lost during the day, you can use the mirror to use the sun to reflect the interrupted light signal to the rescue aircraft in the residential area or in the air, or you can place your clothes on the ground or on the top of the tree.The pattern sends a signal.

3. Find a good shelter

When being trapped in the wild, isolated and helpless, we cannot get out of danger in a short time, or someone is injured, and it is inconvenient to move. We can only spend the night in the wild and find a way to build a temporary wild in the wild.Shelter.

According to the local geographical conditions, using the grace of nature, sometimes it can be found that the ready -to -be natural asylum can be temporarily settled, such as caves, tree holes, and trees of tree.

If you can't find other shelters, some concave pit can be used.Cover some branches and weeds on the pit, and put some dried grass at the bottom of the pit to sleep.

This transformed asylum is like a shallow kiln. It is better to keep warm and wind -like effects than tents, especially in cold areas. Such asylum can even live for a long time.

If you can't find a ready -made or semi -categorian asylum, you can only build it.There is no limit to the materials for the establishment of asylum. According to the local situation, there can be a lot of options. As long as you have more brains and try more, a comfortable and strong shelter is not difficult to build.

How to save yourself in the wild

1. Prevention and disposal of field danger

( 1 ) How to avoid lightning strike

There is a danger of lightning strikes in field activities.However, by taking scientific and effective measures, this danger can be significantly reduced:Foresee lightning and lightning strikes.First see that the chaos and clouds become bigger, and soon become Thunder Cloud, and quickly go to a safe place to hide.There are harsh noise in the radio, and large raindrops are also a sign of thunder. run to the low place. Stay away from high trees or dense leaf forests. Stay away from the tower, remove the metal object on the body, and put it in a plastic bag. If you are active in the water, hurry up ashore. Do not gather together and be scattered. The hut, the inside of the car, the yin back of the rock or the concave is also a good avoided, but be careful not to lean against the wall.

( 2 ) Copy of falling rocks and avalanches

A small stone dropped from a high place sometimes hurts people seriously and even causes death.Therefore, when walking in the mountains, be sure to pay attention to whether there is a logo logo. We must observe it carefully and distinguish the floating stones. Generally speaking, the color of the floating stone is new than the surrounding stones. Or blindfold your head with thick clothes and pass quickly; try to find the falling stone early, avoid timely to avoid accidental damage; when you accidentally step on the stone during walking, shout out immediately and notify the following companions.

The threat of avalanche is very large.Therefore, when conducting the training of field survival and life, we must first ask the local residents where there are potential dangers to avoid the area where the avalanche is often occurred.The characteristics of landforms can also be judged by the avalanche area, such as the large slot on the hillside, the suspended glaciers above the hillside, and the snow eaves on the ridge.Before the avalanche, there were snow and borneols falling. At this time, confirm the direction of the ice, and then decide to escape the direction.Once you have no time to escape and get involved in the avalanche, you should move quickly like swimming, try to make your head float on the snow, and at the same time throw out some items carried on your body as a logo so that others can know that you are buried in the snow and rescue them in time in time. Essence

( 3 )

When walking in the mountains, especially when walking in the dense forests, you will lose your way without paying attention. At this time, keep calm and calm, and then take appropriate measures.Go back to the place where you know.Pay more attention to the surrounding scenery and logo in the rest of the rest. Once you lose your direction, it is best to return to the place you know. Use the compass and the map to determine the location and destination position of the place where you know.Do not go straight down when you return, because the downhill road is small and the direction is not easy to confirm. This is very dangerous. Do a good job of mountain roads.When traveling in Shanye, pay attention to the marks made by plastic belts, branches or stones left by the people who have passed.Those who walk in front of the way, when they encounter special conditions, do the person behind the logo notification. If the sky is late or injured from the cliff when you get lost, you ca nt move, you ca nt reach your destination according to the scheduled time. At this time, you should take a deep breath to keep calm. The law sends a distress signal to wait for the rescue.

( 4 When drowning

When you encounter complex water in the river, lake and the sea, you must not be in a hurry, find a way to let yourself float on the water, keep it floating, let the water flow, and pay attention to the flow of the water. Move the shore in the direction.When saving the drowning person, first consider dragging bamboo poles, branches, ropes, or using large wood, Plastic barrels, and other objects that can float on the water as a floating glute. EssenceIf the drowning of the rescued ashore is unclear, it is necessary to take emergency measures to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR To.

2. First aid of foreign trauma

In the practice of survival and life in the wild, fractures, dislocation or sprains are prone to falling down in the field of survival and life.When a fracture or sprains occur, you should first keep a quiet rest. Do not force the wound to worsen the wound.Then use river water, ice, snow and other cooling affected parts. Do not massage.Then use a wooden board or replace the affected part, and press it with a bandage.Raise the affected area and exceed the heart.Finally to the Hospital, you should be careful when you carry. Generally, the two people can be used as a way to make a hip chair, a single person, the support of the two, and the stretcher handling.For patients with spinal injuries, they must be placed on a flat and strong stretcher and then sent to the Hospital. The body cannot be bent, otherwise it may cause spinal cord injury and paralysis.

What equipment is needed in winter ice climbing

1. Binghao

Binghao provides a focus point.The ice -climbing ice ax is usually a technology pick, which is different from the straight ice average for walking in the snow. The shape and the degree of bending of the picking handle are more suitable for the climbing of vertical ice walls.

2. Bingfish

Bingfish is similar to ice ax in use, which is basically divided into snow walking and ice climbing.The outer teeth of the ice on the snow are flat tooth, which is more conducive to friction on the snow surface.The ice -climbing ice is a higher -intensity vertical teeth. It usually uses a full -card structure, which is more stable and can better convey the power of kicking.

3. Ice cone

Different from the use of expansion bolts as a protective point (anchor point) during exercise climbing, most of the protective points during ice climbing use ice cone.Due to the effects of the terrain, ice condition, and temperature, the strength of the ice cone anchor in the ice will also be very different.

4. Power rope

Ice climbing is recommended to use waterproof power ropes, because the low water absorption power rope can reduce the risk of rope icing, so as to ensure that the rope is normal through the protector.The mainstream diameter used by the rope used by ice climbers is lower than the Rock climbing, usually Single Rope, which is less than 9.7mm, or is protected with half ropes.

5. helmet

The rope protection system used in ice climbing is almost the same as climbing. The same protector, seat Belt, helmet, fast Hanging, main lock, etc.Ice climbing must wear helmets, because the focus of ice climbing is almost done by the damage to ice through ice clamp and ice ax. Therefore, there will be many broken ice flying in the sky. At the same time, it is recommended to use supporting masks or goggles to protect the eyes.

Basic skills

1. Grab: grab the raised part of the rock by hand.

2. Pulling: Hold the edges, gaps, and edges of the rock with your hands.

3. Pull: Under the premise of grabbing the firm fulcrum in front of the front, the arm is stuck in the rock wall, holding the stone seam, and pulling the body upward.

4. Support: Use steps, gaps, or other terrain to move your body up or left and right with your arms and arms.

5. Push: Use the side, the rock body or object below, and move the body with the power of the arm.

6, swelling: put your hand into the gap, and rose with your palm or fingers to grab the gaps of the rock as a fulcrum to move your body.

7. Passion: Use the inside of the forefoot or toe to support the body to reduce the burden on the upper limb.

8. Cross: Use your own flexibility to avoid difficulties to seek favorable support points.

9. Hanging: Hang the rock with a toes or heels to maintain your body balance and move your body.

10. Step: Use a large fulcrum in the front of the feet to reduce the burden on the upper limbs and move the body.

Ice climbing technical essential

1. Basic ice climbing technology

(1) Usage of Ice Pa: Every part of Ice Ka has its own use. Choosing the appropriate ice axard depends mainly on the slope and type of ice and snow slope. Generally, a short-handed ice star with a length of 40-50 cm.Reasonable use of ice aox can save a lot of physical strength.

(2) Front teeth technology: In addition to 12 teeth at the bottom of the bottom, there are front teeth. When the ice wall is climbing, the ingredients of the outer teeth are pierced into the ice wall as the support point of the foot. This climbing method is called the front tooth climbing or German styleClimbing method.Continuous use of front teeth will cause small feet and ankles to fatigue, so you must learn to relax and rest.

(3) Fully -contact climbing: The first step is to step on the second step, then relax the ankle joint at any time, and all the ice teeth are exposed to the ice surface.

2. The way to climb

(1) Three o'clock climbing method: When the ice and snow slope is less than 35 degrees, the climbing method is to hold on the ice average with one hand, the ice ax's rope is covered on the wrist to prevent falling off, and the bottom tip of the ice ax is used on the ice on the ice.The Ice Fojian must be in contact with the ice slope at least two points with both feet.

(2) Balanced climbing method: When the slope is 35-50 degrees, hold the upper part of the ice average in one hand, hold it on the handle of the ice ax near the bottom of the bottom, the high position with the front teeth, and the low-footed feet are exposed to the ice surface.The role of Binghao at this time is to maintain physical balance.

(3) Bullet climbing method: When the ice and snow slope is 45-60 degrees, it should be held on the ice ax and hold it on the handle close to the bottom of the bottom.The top of the pick is inserted into the ice and snow slope as a fulcrum, climbing the front teeth under the feet.

(4) Double pick climbing method: When the degree of ice and snow slope is greater than 60 degrees less than 90 degrees, and the hardness of the ice slope is not very large, the climbing method is to hold the top of the ice pick tightly with both hands and plug in the ice and snow slope like a dagger to rise or fall alternately.If the hardness of the ice slope is high, the climbing method is to hold the bottom of the ice ax and split the tip of the picking into the ice.

precautions for ice climbing safety

1. To survey the terrain before the ice climbing, check the ice quality, and choose the climbing route and time.

2. Master the weather changes.Ice quality and weather have the greatest impact on ice climbing.Ice climbing should not choose the crispy area of ice. The crispy ice is easy to break, and the ice average and icing cannot be caught.The ice layer of the good ice quality may be slightly soft, and the inner layer is harder.

3. When the ice water is not good or the situation is sinister, it is necessary to use a safety rope for protection.

4. Except for some artificially poured ice walls, ice climbing is generally selected in the deep mountain canyon. The wind in the deep mountain canyon is very large, and the wind is not conducive to ice climbing.

5. Do not excessively force when you push the ice ax into the ice surface, and do not shake the ice ax, because this will break the ice surface and affect its stability.

6. When kicking, you must force the ice to tip into the ice.The correct movement is: while lifting the feet, the knee joint is the axis, and the weight of the mountaineering shoes is used to make the feet kick forward steadily, so that the two front teeth of the ice can be tied into the ice surface.noodle.Note: Don't shake your feet up and down, otherwise it will easily break the ice surface and not firm.In addition, the feet should be straight. If you are tied into the ice on the shape of an octagonal shape, you cannot give full play to the role of ice.

7. In addition to the necessary protective measures such as seat belts, wearing a helmet must be worn during ice climbing to prevent crushing ice.

Where is the ice climbing?

1. Heilongtan, Miyun County

Suitable for beginners.Located on Shicheng Township on the west bank of Miyun Reservoir, Miyun County, Beijing.You can take the bus from Dongzhimen to Danti Cloud, and then transfer to the Black Dragon Lake of the Black Town.The slope of the ice wall is about 60-75 degrees, which is not difficult.

2. Taoyuan Xiaogu, Miyun County is suitable for competitions and professional climbing.The ice waterfall in Taoyuan Xiangu, Miyun County is very imposing. The ice surface on the mountains is more than 60 meters high, about 100 meters wide, and it is difficult to climb. It can be protected above.The ice wall on the underworld is even more difficult, and some places belong to the four Levels of difficulty.

3. Four Girls Mountain Shuangqiaogou

Shuangqiaogou can be called China's unique ice climbing resort. It is about 3800 meters above sea level.The mountain streams are flowing in the stream, and in the winter, there are more than a hundred ice waterfalls.Ice waterfalls are generally long, small, and soft in ice, suitable for leisure climbing.

4. Sichuan Hailuo Gulf Gallery

Sichuan Hailuo Glacier is the lowest glacier in the world and the longest of the 71 glaciers of Gongga Mountain.Dabing Waterfall is 500-1100 meters wide and 1080 meters high. It is the highest and most spectacular glacier waterfall found in my country so far.The glacial tongue extends into the virgin forest 6 kilometers, forming a strange landscape coexisting with the Hailu Gloss Glacier and the forest.

The Hailugou Glacier is the closest to the big city and the easiest to enter the low -altitude modern marine glacier. The transportation is very convenient. Hailuogou also has many Hot spring groups of different sizes.Among them, the Hot spring of the second camp is the most.In addition, there are the lower layers of glaciers between camps 3 and No. 4. Due to the dissolution of glaciers, many ice cracks occur, and ice climbing enthusiasts should pay attention to safety.