Introduction to Phalaenopsis
Phalaenopsis is the genus of Orchid Phalaenopsis. It is native to the subtropical rain forest area and is an enchanting orchid.Phalaenopath's white and thick air roots are exposed around the leaves. In addition to absorbing nutrients in the air, it also has growth and photosynthesis.In the Chinese New Year, the Phalaenopsis plants were pulled out of the leaf axillary, and the flowers of the flowers like butterflies danced were deeply favored by the fans of the flower.
PhalaenopsisDistributed in Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Taiwan, China.Phalaenopsis is a single -axis orchid. It only produces only one main stem and a growth point in his life. Seedling breeding mainly uses tissue cultivation, sterile sow breeding, and flower stems to germination and breeding method.Phalaenopsis leaves can easily absorb Fertilizer such as Urea from the leaf surface when fertilizing the leaves.The porous medium is very important for the roots. Although it has a negative capacity, it has more advantages.In the early stage of growth, irrigation using gonorrhea or irrigation arms is very useful for crops.
Nickname
Die Orchid, Taiwan Phalaenopsis
Morphology
The Phalaenopsis is short and is often included by the leaf sheath.The leaves are slightly fleshy, often 3-4 or more, green, purple back, oval, long or sickle -shaped, long, 10-20 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, apex sharp or blunt or blunt or blunt, Base wedge -shaped or sometimes skewed, short and wide sheaths.
The inflorescence side is born on the base of the stem, with a length of 50 cm, no branches or sometimes branches; the inflorescence handle is green, 4-5 mm thick, and several scales shaped;The flowers opened from the base to the top; the ovary triangle of the bracts, 3-5 mm long; the flower stalk is green, slender, 2.5-4.5 cm long; flowers white, beautiful, long flowering; medium sepals near oval shape; medium sepals near oval shape; medium sepals are near oval shape; medium sepals are near oval shape; medium sepals are nearly oval shape;, 2.5-3 cm long, 1.4--1.7 cm wide, apex blunt, slightly narrow at the base, and mesh; side sepals crooked ovate, 2.6-3.5 cm long, 1.4-2.2 cm wide, apex blunt, base collection at the baseNarrow merged on the foot of the stamen, with a net vein;
The petal rhombus is round, 2.7-3.4 cm long, 2.4-3.8 cm wide, aperture, narrow claws at the base, with mesh veins; lips 3 cracks, bases with a length of about 7-9 mm;Side cracks are upright, ovate, 2 cm long, apex circular or sharp -tip, narrow at the base, red spots or fine stripes, and 1 yellow -meat dendritic in the intersection between the bodies on both sides and the base of the medium cracks;Diamond -shaped, 1.5-2.8 cm long, 1.4-1.7 cm wide, apex narrow and 2 sarcasters with 8-18 mm in length, wedge -shaped at the base; stretch pillars, about 1 cm long, wide stamen foot; pollen group; pollen group;Two, near -ball shape, each split is 2 pieces of large.Flower period from April to June.
variety
There are more than 70 native species in the world, but most of the native species are small and small. The Phalaenopsis, which is cultivated as a commodity, is a variety of artificial hybrid breeding.
1. Little Flower Phalaenopsis is a variant of Phalaenopsis.The flowers are slightly smaller.
2. Taiwan Phalaenopsis is a variant of Phalaenopsis.Leaves are large, flat, thick, green, and with markings.Flower diameter branches.
3. Sitto Phalaenopsis.For common species.The leaves are large, long, 70 cm long, 14 cm wide, the leaves have gray and green marks, and the leaves are purple.There are more than 170 flowers, the flower diameter is 8-9 cm, light purple, and the edges are white.spring and summer.
4. Manchu Phalaenopsis alias version of Nam.For the same common species.The leaves are 30 cm long, green, yellow in the leaves, orange -red with sepals and petals, with brown -purple horizontal lines.The lips are white, 3 cracks, the side cracks are upright, the apex is cut, the middle crack is nearly half a moon, and the central pioneers are bulging, and the dilute mastoid hair on both sides.Flower period from March to April.
5. Aford Phalaenopsis is the same common species.The leaves are 40 cm long, the main veins of the leaves are obvious, green, purple on the back of the leaves, white flowers, and green or milky yellow in the center.
6. Filipino Phalaenopsis is the same common species.The flower stem is about 60 cm long, drooping.The flowers are brown, with purple-brown horizontal stripes, flowering from May to June.
7. Western Yunnan Phalaenopsis is common species.The sepals and petals are yellow -green, the lips are purple, and the back of the base is buzzing.
Ecological habit
High temperature, high humidity, and semi -yin environment, the winter temperature is not less than 18 degrees.Because Phalaenopsis was born in the tropical rain forest area, the nature is warm and chills.The suitable growth temperature is 15-20 C, and it will stop growing below 10c in winter, and it is easy to die below 5 C.If mass production is required in all parts of Lingnan, a cold protection facilities must be implemented to implement protective cultivation.If the family is planted in small amounts, it will be safe to pass the winter when it is cold.
Phalaenopsis likes a humid and semi -overcast environment. It requires space to maintain 50 % to 70 % of humidity, and it cannot be dried too much in the pot.If you plant it on a home balcony, it is best to sprinkle the wet ground three or four times a day on your sunny day, so that its plants can absorb the evaporation water.The sun cannot be shot directly in summer and autumn.However, the morning sun should be fully used).If there are too many rainy days in spring, use a light Tube to add light at night to benefit future flowers.The fertilization method is almost the same as the cultivation dancer.
Phalaenopsis has weak resistance to diseases and insect pests. Lotomia and root rot often occur. Pesticide perbalium or Daxian Chong 1000 times solution can be used to spray once every seven or eight days and spray 3 times in a row.These medicinal liquids are stained with white traces on the leaves, but you don't have to erase it to help continue to play a bactericidal effect.
Phalaenopsis efficiency and role
Viewing value
For viewing is the biggest role of Phalaenopsis. Phalaenopsis is a variety of different varieties, and the color and flower shape are different. It is the most common plant landscape in major garden scenic spots in China. It is also a common plant in parks in various places.It is the existence of these Phalaenopsis that people have no environment that I have no such beautiful.
Purify the air
Improve air quality is also an important effect of Phalaenopsis. This plant has a strong absorption and decomposition of harmful gases such as formaldehyde and benzene in the air.Air quality has excellent effects.
Absorb radiation
Fighting radiation is also an important role in Phalaenopsis. This plant can absorb a variety of radiation released by radiation sources such as computers, which can reduce the damage of these radiation substances to people's body. ThereforeNear the computer.
Beauty and beauty
Beauty and beauty are also an important role in Phalaenopsis. The petals of Phalaenopsis can be used for bathing, which can alleviate physical and mental fatigue. At the same time, the Outraphy orchid aroma on the Skin can be maintained for a long time.Disappearing also has a significant effect on removing the odor of the body.
Phalaenopsis method
illumination
The light that just purchased the bottle of seedlings rose slowly to 5000 LX. After the bottle was released, it was 3000 ~ 5000 LX, and entered the normal management of 5000 to 7000 LX.15000 18000 LX, the time for promoting flowers is 7000 ~ 8000 LX, and when the flower buds are germinated to 10-15 cm, the light slowly increases from 100,000 LX to 14000 LX, and the summer management slowly transitions.According to the needs of different seedlings, combined with weather conditions, the light is controlled through the contraction of the internal and external Shading nets.
Humidity/watering
Humidity requirements during nutritional growth are optimal for more than 90%, the humidity requirements during flowering treatment phase are 70-80%, and the humidity requirements after flowering are 50%.Measures such as ventilation with water curtains and spraying on ground space can regulate humidity.
temperature
Phalaenopsis is a tropical plant, and the cultivation temperature should be maintained between 15 ~ 34 C.The appropriate temperature is as follows: The growth stage is 26 ~ 27 C, and the flowering phase is 19 ~ 21 C. In order to get more flower stems, the temperature can be maintained at 18 ~ 20 C for a total of 4-8 weeks.When the light is insufficient or the temperature is too high, it should be maintained at 18 C to strengthen the urging flower (seductive flower bud).Because the growth of leaves should be maintained during the flowering period, do not have a long period of time.When the light is insufficient, if the temperature is greater than 23 C for more than 24 hours, it will cause excessive nutritional growth and lose the bud.
soil
Phalaenopsis is an epiphyseal orchid, which is attached to rocks or trunks with qi root, absorbing moisture and nutrients from the air.Therefore, plant materials are preferably loose and breathable materials.Therefore, it is best not to choose a simple surface soil or garden soil, such as water moss, bark, tree fern root, broken brick tile, coconut shell.Fiber, ceramic grains and other matters should be appropriate.The medium used in the Phalaenopsis Basin for the market is generally water moss.
Fertilize
In the peak growth season, proper water Fertilizer is appropriately increased, and the Fertilizer should not be lighter or not, a small amount, and the temperature is not fertilized when the temperature is higher than 32 C or less than 15 C.Root Fertilizer and external topical topical interaction were applied. In order to promote growth before July, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium per month were applied to general compound Fertilizers with a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 2000 times.Get liquid Fertilizer once in 15 days; after September, use 0.1%potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to apply external Fertilizer; after October, the formation of flower buds is promoted by controlling Fertilizer water.For the appropriate application of boron, zinc, iron and other micro -Fertilizers, it can also be used with 0.1%Huabao Bao 3.
Phalaenopsis Fertilizer can be used for composite Fertilizers or nitrogen Fertilizers directly.The application of Fertilizers varies from variety.If the base Fertilizer is used, the base Fertilizer must contain DOLOKAL (L3-4kg/) and PG mixture, pHThe range is 5.2 ~ 6.2, and the range of EC is 0.8 ~ 1.2ms/cm.If nitrogen Fertilizers are too high, the leaves will cause excessive growth.If the EC value is too high, the root will die.If it is too low, the plant lacks trace elements.The best way to measure the EC is to collect water discharged at the bottom after irrigation.More than 1.5ms/cm means that the medium of this basin is salted.Usually the root of the bucket is formed. At this time, the water quality of water or low EC needs to be washed.
Phalaenopsis is 2: 1: 2 Fertilizers during nutrition growth. Small and medium seedlings require Fertilizer concentration of 3000 to 7000 times, large seedlings require Fertilizer concentration of 3000 to 5000 times, and 1: 5: 2 flowering Fertilizer of 1: 5: 2 in the flowering period, concentration concentration, concentration concentrationIt is 3000 to 7000 times, and the first flower stops fertilizing.
Essential point of fertilization
Diligence is thin, the climate is not permitted, and the root circle is too humid.
When fertilizing water, keep the air flow to prevent the roots from soaking for too long, leading to suffocation. When there is still water droplets at about 4:00 pm, the leaves should be forced to ventilate.
Langen and leaves can absorb Fertilizer, and it is best to wet the orchid plant when fertilizing.
A small amount of adhesive can be added to the water -soluble Fertilizer to increase the adhesion of the Fertilizer.
Frequently Ascending problems in Phalaenopsis
Breeding method
Phalaenopsis generally uses organizational training and branching methods. However, when there is no split bud and cannot reproduce under family conditions, many flower friends are regrettable.Here I recommend a technology that uses Phalaenopsis to make reproduction.
1. Flower stalk reproduction
Cut the residual flowers on the flower stems after flowering, and pay attention to keeping the unprepared germination (about 3-4 verses); carefully remove the bracts on the buds at the top 1-2, expose the buds, be careful not to hurt the injury.And buds; take a small amount of buds (vegetable hormones) evenly on the buds;
The processed Phalaenopsis is placed in a suitable place, and the temperature is kept at 25-30 C, and the humidity is more than 75 %.After 2 to 3 months, you can grow 1-2 new flowers; when the new seedlings grow to a certain size, wrap a small amount of water moss with a thin film at the base, and the small seedlings grow 2 to 3 thick roots.At the time, you can cut it alone.
2. Organize and reproduce
Phalaenopsis is cultivated by organizational cultivation.Can be sterilized and sterilized. Under the conditions of sterile, disinfect the seeds in the butterfly fruit after disinfection in the medium bottle composed of various nutrients, and place it in the laboratory training
Raising, the number of seedlings broadcast in this method is large, the plants are strong, and the survival rate is high after transplanting.The buds of the mother plant can also be used as a breeding material. The medium placed in the bottle can make it a large amount of hyperplasia. Generally, after 70 days of indoor culture, it can produce small seedlings suitable for bottle transplanting.
Prevention and treatment of pests and insect pests
1. Leaf spot disease
It mainly occurs on the leaves. Small spots appear on the leaves at the beginning of the onset. Later, it developed into a near -circular lesion. The edge of the lesions has water -stained yellow rings, and the boundary is obvious.
Prevention and control methods: Strengthen ventilation, reduce air humidity, and cut off disease leaves.During the onset, 800 times the liquid liquid of the perbalized wettable powder was sprayed with 75%of the perbalized molic powder.
2, gray mold
When low temperature and high humidity occur in spring, small brown spots are usually appeared on white flower petals, and soft rot occurs in severe cases.
Prevention and control methods: Strengthen ventilation, reduce humidity, and immediately cut off the flowers.In the early stage of the onset, a 75%methyl Bupt can be sprayed with 1000 times liquid with a wettable powder, sprayed once every 10 days, and sprayed twice in a row.
3, spotssick
It occurred in high temperature and humidity in summer and autumn, mainly in the leaves. The leaves appeared in the leaves in the early stage of the onset. They gradually expanded into large spots. The lesions were dark brown.
Control method: Pay attention to ventilation and light transmission.At the beginning of the onset, 80 times liquid was sprayed once a month per month with 10%PolIn (polymomycin).
4. Sicatin insect
The most common pests in Phalaenopsis occur in autumn and winter. The indoor ventilation is not Smooth, and dryness causes the harm of the segq.
Control method: Pay attention to ventilation. The orchid strains should not be too dense. When you find a small amount, you can use a soft cloth to wash the granular insects. Repeat several times to eradicate insect pests.
Cooler
Plants can urge flowers when they have 5 mature leaves.The plants are mature enough and after a conversion period, they naturally pull out the stems.Nature in autumn can be sold in February or March of the following year.Use temperature and light volume to control the flowering period.All buds on the flower stalk can be cut off when the last buds are removed and the other buds are open.There are usually three flower buds when cutting the stems.The second flower stalk was pulled out from the remaining flower buds, and it started from top buds.However, it takes a longer time to urge this new flower stalk, so whether this item is naturally blossomed and then drawn out the second flower stems is determined by the quality and sales plan required.In addition to the first flower stalk, as long as the plant is healthy, the second time can be generated by double flower stalks, which can be sold as cut flowers.Therefore, 2.5 flower stalks can be sold per year.After the stems are pulled out, maintain it straight to avoid changing.
Methods commonly used in the south.
Use the cold and cold climate to cultivate, and the alpine altitude is required to be above 800m to 1000m.
Use air -conditioning refrigeration and cooling to promote flower cultivation.The method of giving flowers in the previous seeds is to have a high cost of transportation, packaging and alpine management, and the damage of seedlings is serious, but the flowers are neat, the flowers grow better, the color of the latter is low, the damage is less, but the flowers are not neat and neat.EssenceUnder the condition of conditions, the south uses high mountains to urge flowers to make the product.
Phalaenopsis Nourishing
1. Phalaenopsis like a high temperature and high humidity environment. The lowest temperature during the growth period should be kept above 15 C, and the suitable growth temperature of Phalaenopsis is 16 C to 30 C.It is a period of flowering before and after the spring Festival. Proper cooling can extend the viewing time. It is best to control the temperature at night between 13 C and 16 C when blooming, but it cannot be lower than 13 C.
2,Phalaenopsis does not have a large fake ball storage nutrients. If the temperature is insufficient in the air, the leaves are wrinkled and weak.Therefore, Phalaenopsis should be cultivated in a ventilated and high -humidity environment.Phalaenopsis is suitable for 50 % to 80 % of air humidity.Phalaenopathy's new roots should be watered more during the period of extension, and watering during the dormancy after flowering.The principle of watering is to see dry and wet. When the surface of the cultivation matrix becomes dry, pour the water once again, and the water temperature should be close to the room temperature.When the indoor air is dry, spray the sprayer directly towards the leaf surface. See the wet surface, but note that the water mist should not be sprayed on the flowers during the flowering period.The tap water should be stored for more than 72 hours before pouring.
3. Although Phalaenopsis is more overwhelming, it still needs to allow Lanzhu to accept some light, especially before and after the flowering period, appropriate light can promote the blooming of Phalaenopsis, so that the flowers are gorgeous.Do not let the sun shine directly.The normal growth of Phalaenopsis requires fresh air that flows.
4,In winter, the flower bud differentiation period of Phalaenopsis, stopping fat can easily lead to no flowers or less flowers.During the growth period of spring and summer, thin liquid Fertilizer can be applied every 7 days to 10 days. Organic Fertilizers should be used, or Phalaenopsis special nutrients can be applied, but do not apply when there are flower buds, otherwise it is easy to fall into buds early.In the summer, long leaves (that is, after the flowering period), nitrogen and Potassium fertilizer can be applied.The long -term period of the stems of the flower can be used for phosphorus Fertilizer, but it should be thin, about every 2 to 3 weeks.After watering in the afternoon, after fertilization, the Fertilizer should be rinsed with a large amount of water and the orchid strains to prevent the remaining inorganic salts harm the root.
5. Reasons for the failure of cultivation:
Watering frequency: Friends who cultivate Phalaenopsis are always worried about the shortage of Phalaenopsis. Regardless of whether the cultivation medium is dry or watered every day, causing serious rotten roots.
The temperature is too low: usually the Phalaenopsis blooming plants are mostly in early spring, and they are usually appreciated in the living room and other places after buying. Although the temperature in these places is sufficient, the night temperature is slightly low.On the other hand, most of the professional cultivation orchids are in greenhouses with good equipment. In contrast, the temperature and humidity at home are slightly not enough, making the growth of plants often weakened.Therefore, sometimes no matter how good the maintenance is, orchids are still not blooming.
Excessive Fertilizer: If you have Fertilizer, do not pay attention to the concentration.It should be noted that Phalaenopsis should apply thin Fertilizer, and it should be a small amount.Remember to "supplement" and not overly, otherwise it is counterproductive.
Small plant species large pots: It feels that the large basin can give Phalaenopsis a loose environment, with sufficient materials.After the practical large basin, water plants are not easy to dry.
Special Mic 