GPS's navigation application

Satellite technology can be traced back to the first generation of satellite navigation systems of maritime navigation to traced back to the 1960s. However, this satellite navigation system was originally designed mainly to serve the polar region and cannot be continuously navigation. The time interval of its positioning changes with latitude.It is above 70 degrees north and south latitude, and the average positioning interval does not exceed 30 minutes, but it takes 90 minutes near the equator. The second and third generation transit satellites launched in the 1980s Navars and Oscars make up10 to 15 minutes.In addition, it is difficult to improve the positioning accuracy (the speed of the Ship is required to accurately know the speed of the Ship), which is mainly used for 2 -dimensional voyage.

The emergence of the GPS system overcomes the limitations of the Transit system, not only high accuracy, continuous navigation, and strong anti -interference capabilities; it can also provide seven -dimensional space -time position speed information.In the initial experimental navigation equipment test, GPS showed that it could replace the TRANSIT and roadbirth radio navigation systems, and played the epoch -making role in navigation navigation.It is difficult to imagine which Ship is not equipped with GPS navigation systems and equipment. navigation applications have become the largest users of GPS navigation applications. This is difficult to compare with users in any other field.

There are many GPS navigation users, and their classification standards are also different. If they are divided according to the type of route, GPS navigation navigation can be divided into five categories: ocean navigation; coastal navigation; port navigation; inland river navigation; lake navigation.

Different stages or regions also have different environmental requirements for navigation safety, but they are to ensure the minimum navigation traffic conflict, and the most effective use of the increasingly crowded routes, ensuring sailing safety, improving transportation benefits, and saving energy.There are roughly the following categories according to the function of the navigation system:

1. Autonomous navigation

The independent navigation system is suitable for any of the above five routes. It is basically a simple navigation system. Its main feature is to provide users with location, speed, flight direction and time information., No communication system.It is adapted to a Ship that sails on any sea, lakes, and inland, from large ocean cargo ships to private yachts.

2. Port management and guidance of entering the port

This system is mainly used for Ship scheduling management at port/pier and guidance to Hong Kong ships to ensure the safety and order of voyage of ports/pier.The system requires two -way data/phonetic communication to facilitate the leader to guide the Ship; the context/sea map of the port area shows that the mooring ships and the available port routes are avoided to avoid collision.This system requires high accuracy of navigation systems, and uses differential GPS and other enhanced technologies.

3. route traffic management system

This type of system is similar to 2, but it is mainly used for Ship navigation and management on the offshore and inland river routes, and usually requires support of satellite communication systems, such as Inmarsat.

4. Tracking the surveillance system

Such systems are mainly used for maritime patrol boats, anti -smuggling and various yachts, especially private yachts to prevent theft.According to the specific use objects, some systems need to give navigation parameters and two -way data/phonetic communication, such as anti -smuggling boats.Sometimes there is no need to give navigation parameters. For private yacht anti -theft, only one -way data communication is required. Once theft occurs, the navigation system on the yacht continues to send its own position and to the relevant center in order to track it.

5. Emergency rescue system

The system also includes amphibious aircraft, helicopters and land vehicles.It is suitable for all five types of routes to search and rescue all kinds of sea, lakes, and inland risks, dangerous ships and people.This type of system requires two -way data/phonetic communication, which requires fast response time and high positioning accuracy.

6. GPS/Sound combination is used for underwater robots navigation

This type of combination system can be used for underwater pipeline laying and maintenance (required visual system), hydrological measurement, and other sub -operations, such as underwater survey for port/dock, so that the channel obstruction is cleared and the channel is unobstructed.Can be used for ocean fishing, fishing boat operation guidance, etc.

7. Other applications

The navigation techniques used are mainly:

GPS (GNSS);

Sound technology;

INS;

navigation

Radio navigation technology;

Image matching technology;

Other technologies.

The main communication technology adopted is:

FM and TV sub -carrier unidirectional data/speaking communication;

By -way data communication of the benchmark network;

Cluster communication;

Honeycomb communication;

Land mobile digital communication;

Satellite mobile communication;

Drives of traffic.

The first five communication technologies are mainly used for offshore, inland and lake areas.

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1. What are the benefits of bicycle codes?

The bicycle codes are electronic products used to calculate mileage and speed.There are two main functions of the code watch, monitoring and records.The former helps to understand itself during cycling, and the latter helps to analyze itself after exercise.bicycle gauge is generally used for the measurement of bicycle driving speed. The induction magnets installed on the steel bars installed on the front of the front car, the sensor on the front, along the connection line, the code watch seat on the grip and the code on the seatTable composition.The benefits of bicycle codes are: show several cycling data, such as current speed, cycling mileage, cycling time, etc., high -end code tables also have altitude, air pressure, slope display, and so on.

Second, the practical purpose of Bicycle code watch

1. record the total mileage of cycling

The most practical function of a bicycle gauge is the mileage of driving. This is how many kilometers have been ride on the day of your bicycle from the day of the bicycle.For example, you can know how long it has not been oil on the chain, how long hasn't it been maintained for Hua Gu and so on.We can also use the total mileage to set the mileage of bicycle maintenance. The normal bicycle has to be maintained once for 3,000 kilometers. We see that the total driving mileage is 3,000 kilometers to maintain it once.No need to remember time.

2. Display riding data

bicycle mileage is also very useful. It can clearly record the number of kilometers of your cycling, so that the bicycle riders can master the strength of the cycling.After you got back today, you found that you are tired, prove that you are riding too far.You see how many kilometers of the cycling cycling, appropriately reduced a few kilometers of cycling the next day.How far the ride is in your heart every day, and the cycle is getting tired.After exercise, it should be a relaxation of the whole body, a happy mood, and the excessive exercise will cause harm to itself.

3. The code watch shows the riding speed

The current speed display is also very important. It shows how many kilometers per hour you ride now. This can facilitate you to understand your riding speed. You can know your limit speed and maintenance speed.You can understand how long the distance you are going to ride today, and arrange other things.

4. Display time of bicycle code gauge

Time display is also very convenient, although there are many timing tools, such as mobile phones, watches, etc.However, it has its limitations. Now the large -screen mobile phones are put in the pocket of clothes when riding. When you take it out, you should not just support it. It is not convenient or safe.The watch worn on the wrist is okay in summer, and it is not convenient to ride in the long -sleeved season. A small code watch looks down and looks at the current time, saving trouble.

[How to save self -rescue at sea] How to save self -rescue and rescue methods on the sea of self -rescue at sea

How to save self -rescue at sea Self -rescue and rescue methods at sea

1 Generally speaking, it is not encouraged to jump first, because in the water, the body temperature of the human body is lost quickly, and it may be taken away by the water.Under the circumstances of environmental permission, you can skip the boat, pay attention to avoid the shallow beach reef.To quickly leave the shipwreck, if the Ship is covered, you must jump to the head of the bow.

2 Once the water falls, be sure to leave the hull quickly to prevent the vessels from being inhaled again.At the same time, you should raise your head to tilt your body.After maintaining this attitude for a few seconds, you can slowly float on the water with the powerful buoyancy of the life jacket.

3 Do not make unnecessary swimming after falling into the sea, to save physical strength and wait for rescue.

4 Creation of swimming will be rescued!When the Ship is sinking, the sucking power will be generated. Paralying, the place where the fluid is high at a high speed, and the sinking Ship is slightly stronger. Pressing people around the Ship, can't get out, and make people drown.

5 Self -rescue methods that do not swim: When sinking down, keep calm, close your lips, bite your teeth and hold your breath. Do not struggle in the water.Slowly float on the water.After floating on the water, do not lift your hand out of the water, and place it under the water to keep your head above the water surface so that you can breathe air.

6 The most important thing is to maintain physical strength. When someone comes to rescue, use the whistle and reflective equipment on the life jacket to attract the attention of the rescue staff.

Method for forced to drift on the sea

1 , Warm with your companions

When encountering the drifting condition, if the companions are around, they will match each other to warm the back to maintain the body temperature.

2 , Use the mirror reflection principle to create signals

Use metal items floating at sea as a reflector.The slightly shaking mirror allows the reflected light flash to intermittent, attracting the attention of search and rescue personnel.

3 , Avoid sunburn

Surviving on the sea, sunburn is a question worthy of face -to -face.We must avoid direct contact with the sun with the body, and try to find a paste from the first aid tools to isolate the damage caused by the sun to the Skin to prevent the occurrence of sunburn.In addition, the reflected strong light brought from the sun to the water surface is also a sunscreen element that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the head and eyes must be careful of the damage caused by such strong light.

4 , Avoid dehydration

Galmic (sea) may increase the occurrence of dehydration.To survive on the sea, in order to avoid dehydration, we should try to reduce the number of times to go to the toilet and keep ourselves in the body. If you feel uncomfortable, try not to make ourselves more comfortable by vomiting.

5 , Avoid the trouble of blindness and head damage

If you are infected with flames, cigarettes or other pollutants on the water, we must first wash the pollutants with salt water and then rinse it with fresh water.Eye cover18 to twenty four Hours, even longer.In order to avoid strong light from the sky and water harm your eyes, if you are prepared, wear Sunglasses to protect your eyes.

6 , Pain caused by salt water

Soaking in the body for a long time may cause the Skin wound, and the original blisters or scars on the body may be thick or torn again. At this time, in addition to avoid touching the wound, we must use fresh water to rinse it.EssenceIf possible, keep the wound dry and use the desiccant.

7 , Keep physical energy (1)

The loss of body fluid and exhaustion of physical strength will cause more damage.If you start to feel a halo, start vomiting, try to change the place, and stay away from vomit and smell.

8 , Keep physical energy (2)

Do not deliberately rely on exercise to maintain body temperature. Instead of deliberately circulating, the body temperature is easier to lose, and the exhaustion will make it easier for us to accelerate the temperature loss of the body in cold water.Maintaining buoyancy and using various kinds of materials is the best way to save self -help.

If the waves on the sea, if you do not wear water and lung Diving equipment, you may not be able to breathe at sea and the method, then according to the following practice:

Step 1: Take a deep breath.Step 2: Put your face in the water, close your mouth, stretch your arms forward, and relax.Step 3: Keep this posture rest.Step 4: Looking out of the water, stepping on the water, and venting the head into the water.Such a cycle.

9 ,keep Calm

Keep your head calm, do not shout without any help, and do unknown and physical action.

How to choose an electric car raincoat

1. The style of electric vehicle raincoat

With the development of modern life, the style of electric vehicle Raincoats is also diverse, including layered Raincoats and pants, automatic drainage helmet electric vehicle Raincoats, and double Raincoats, canopy, and so on.The style of electric vehicle raincoat is convenient and brisk in cycling. It can be comprehensively judged according to its actual needs and prices.

2. The fabric of the electric car raincoat

In terms of the fabric selection of electric vehicle Raincoats, we pay attention to the breathability and waterproofness of the waterproof fabric.At present, the raincoat on the market is a rainpost clothes made of waterproof fabric.waterproof fabrics include tape, oil cloth and plastic film.Commonly used such as special nylon and GORE-Tex.The breathable raincoat is conducive to people scattered from the raincoat when wearing rain -resistant water and heat, increasing comfort.

3. The color of the raincoat of the electric vehicle

The color choice of electric vehicle Raincoats is also particular.The rainy weather is low, so it is best to choose a yellow electric car raincoat.From a physical perspective, the penetration of yellow light is the most.Therefore, many traffic safety reminder facilities are yellow. Choosing yellow bicycle Raincoats can not only make others easier to see you on rainy days, but also ensure the safety of you and others.

Pay attention to electric vehicle rain.

1. The amplitude covered in front of the front.The length can be more effective to block the rain.

2. The pump of the rear mirror should resist pull.Here is where the raincoat is the easiest to be damaged, especially the sea gum raincoat.

3. Whether splashing water cloth raincoat is easy to remove waterproof glue.Judgment method: Tightening the folding pressure. If the inner layer of waterproof glue has obvious creases, it is inferior material, which is easy to remove and pica.

4. Pour waterproof tape to the sewing of the raincoat.The raincoat without waterproof tape must be permeable.

5. It is best to choose a conjoined raincoat to avoid throwing rainwater from the waist. At the same time, it is best to tighten the cuff pants.

6. The fabric must be thicker to prevent the wind from being torn in the wind during high -speed cycling.

Disclaimer: The above content is derived from the provision of the program system index or the sharing of netizens. It is for your reference only and does not represent the research perspective of this website. Please pay attention to the authenticity and authority of the source of the content of the content.Apply to delete & gt; & gt; error correction & gt; & gt;

1. How to use the Bicycle code watch

The working principle of the bicycle sheet is that the sensor captures the information brought by the inductive magnet when the car rotation is rotated. The sensor code is transmitted to the code watch.

Function display

1. Automatically display.Press the function button (the big button below the code watch), and only the word AUTO appears. At this time, the code watch automatically displays the riding distance, time, total mileage and clock with a interval of 1 second.

2. Manually display.Press the function button, the word KM appears, indicating that the travel distance is displayed at this time;

Press the function button to appear alarm clock pattern, indicating that the travel time is displayed at this time, and the accurate display of the second;

Press the function button, and the word appears, indicating that the cumulative cycling distance that starts with the code watch at this time is displayed.

3. The code watch is clear.Pressing the function button is not less than 3 seconds. At this time, the numbers on the code flickering are flickering. Continue to hold it until the clear is cleared. The clear zero does not affect the cumulative riding distance.

Use setting

This function determines the correct use of the code watch, which is very important.The main function is to enter the car wheels, adjust the clock, change the speed unit, and turn on the automatic display function.

Enter the setting interface.Press the setting button on the back of the code watch for 3 seconds, and set the word, that is, enter the settings interface. At this time, the four -digit number displayed below is the wheel length. At this time, press the function button to enter the next function settings interface.

Exit the setting interface.Press the settings key for 3 seconds to return to the use state.

2. How to install the Bicycle code watch

1. Install the base of the code watch.

First install the base of the code watch. The back of the base has foam glue. Tore off the yellow plastic surface, you can stick it on the handlebar, and then use a rubber band to walk around a circle, stuck in the card slot on both sides of the base.The bottom of the code is firmly fixed on the handlebar.

2. Next installation header.

The inductive line is wrapped around the brake wire, until you need to install the position of the sensor, the sensor can be installed in the middle of the axle and the brake in the front of the front rod.

The installation method is similar to the installation base. After selecting the position of the sensor, press it with your fingers, and then use a large rubber band to circulate around the car, and buckle the rubber band into the card slot of the sensor.

3. Instant induction magnets.

The induction magnet needs to be installed on the steel wire banner of the tire, which can be facing the position of the sensor.After the soft magnet is put on the steel wire, the iron rings in the installation bag are stuck from the bottom to the groove of the magnet from the bottom to the groove.This is the best induction effect.

After this code is installed, the next time the wheels are adjusted, so the data read is accurate.

4. Setting perimeter parameters of bicycle codes

How to set the wheel diameter of the bicycle codes?Put the code watch with an angle of 45 degrees on the base, press it slightly, and rotate it counterclockwise.Then look for a straight line on the road. Generally there are cement floor. People ride on the car and adjust the nearest position of the valve core of the tire to keep the nearest position on the ground.The distance between the measurement is the perimeter of the wheel, so the measurement is more accurate than the reference value of the tire on the instruction manual, because when the person is riding on it, the tire pressure will change.The value is fine.Specific settings can be adjusted to the WHEEL SIZE menu and fill in the preset value.

Kind tips:The setting of the Bicycle code watch needs to be set according to the purchased code table brand, as well as models (such as mountain vehicles, road cars, and station wagons). Different brands have different models with different code table settings.Different brands and different installation details. Different models generally need to understand when debugging the code table data.Therefore, carefully read the manual before installing the bicycle codes.