1. The origin of the Olympic Games

1. Ancient Olympic Games

The ancient Olympic Games with written records began before776Year.At that time, ancient Greece was200Many large and small city -states.B.C.776Year,3The king of the city -state reached an agreement and decided to be in7By the middle of the month8Religious celebrations held in Olympia in the middle of the month -sports conference, every4Once and agreed to stop war during the celebration, so that athletes and audiences can participate in the Olympic Games and return safely.This is the famous "Olympic Sacred War".The ancient Olympic Games was held together293At the end, until AD394The year ended due to foreign invasion and other reasons.1170Year.

2. Modern Olympics

The Olympic Games is an international comprehensive sports meeting hosted by the International Olympic Committee and is held every four years.Divided into summer Olympic Games, summer Disabled Olympic Games, winter Olympic Games, winter Disabled Olympic Games, summer Youth Olympic Games, winter Youth Olympic Games, World summer Olympic Games, World winter Olympic Games, summer Olympic Games,winter Deaf Olympic Games.In the Olympic Games, various countries use sports to exchange cultures of various countries and to learn about sports skills. The purpose is to encourage people to continue sports.

The Olympic Games first originated in ancient Greece and was named after Olympia because of its hosting place.19At the end of the century, Baron Gu Barn, France, founded the true modern Olympic Games.from1896The Olympic Games will be held every four years at the beginning of the year (three times have been interrupted in two World War, which are1916Year,1940Years1944Years), the meeting period does not exceed16sky.because1924The winter Olympic Games has been set up in the year, so the Olympic Games is also used to the "summer Olympic Games".The Olympic Games has now become a symbol of peace and friendship.

2. The meaning of the five -ring flag of the Olympic Games

The Olympic Five Ring Road (or the emblem of the Fifth Ring Road and the Olympic Games) is five interoperable ring.The color is white.The Olympic 5th Ring Road was Yu Bay, the former Chairman of the International Olympic Committee and the founder of the Modern Olympic Games1913The annual design was selected because the color of the national flags of each member country was summarized, but it gave more connotations to the Five Ring Road.1979The Olympic Review published by the International Olympic Committee pointed out that the five rings symbolize the unity of the five continents. Athletes around the world meet in the Olympic Games with a fair, frank competition and friendly spirit.

3. The purpose of the Olympic Games

1. Basic principles

The Olympic Charter clearly stipulates that the content of the Olympic Movement is to serve sports for the harmonious development of human beings to improve human dignity; with the spirit of friendship, unity and fair competition, promote the mutual understanding of young people, and thus help establishmentA better peaceful world; make the world athletes every time4Once a grand sports festival-The Olympic Games meet together.

2,Basic meaning

The purpose of the Olympic Movement has the following basic meaningsThefirst,,The goal of the Olympic Movement is to promote the development of human society in the direction of truth, kindness, and beauty.Since entering the industrial society,,While human society began to have large -scale and all -round exchanges, there was a severe international conflict.,,Coupled with human beings mastered the weapon to destroy their own,,Make today's society facing unprecedented threats.also,Contemporary world countries are facing many problems that can be cope with common cooperation,,Such as the environment, refugees, regional conflicts, trade barriers, etc.The Olympic Movement is trying to set up a bridge between people to communicate between people from all countries,,Promote mutual understanding between people with different nations and different cultures,,Promote world peace,,Reduce the threat of war.The purpose of the Olympic Movement is consistent with the goals of human social justice.,,To a certain extent, it meets the needs of the modern international community,,It has direct practical significance for humans since entering modern society.The purpose of the Olympic Movement,,Make it an important part of the world's peaceful cause,,Therefore, it determines its important position in the contemporary international community.

Second,,The Olympic Movement is trying to use the humanistic spirit as a way to achieve its own purpose,,Establishing friendship between young people around the world.As the Fourth Chairman of the International Olympic Committee Ederson said:"The Olympic Games cannot force people to accept peace,,But it provides opportunities for young people around the world like pro -brothers."

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1. How to grind branches and cuts sharply

The first thing to be reminded is that the new scissors have been opened, no need to grind the blade.The maintenance of branches and cutting flat is mainly for the trimming of cutting blades. For small -sized blades, you can use thin things such as diamonds (around 300 to 400) or general grinding stones (around 150).The blade is long -lasting and sharp.Please note that the auxiliary blade on the back of the small blade must also be sorted and grounded accordingly.But another arc -shaped blade surface only needs to be grinded gently.

After grinding the knife, you can use a soft thing (things that can be cut without strength) first.If you use thin cloth gauze, cotton and other things to test the effect after the blade.In order to correct it until you can cut these soft things cleanly and then, then trim the branches.

Normal scissors will only use a small blade with a 20 -degree blade with a width of 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.After the damaged blade is re -polished, the width and angle of the small blade may change, and the sharpness will change.If this kind of grinding operation is an experienced person, you can try a few times with a small method.It is best to ask someone who knows some technology to operate.Please note that the blade is sharp, and the risk of injury needs to be avoided.

2. How to maintain Gardening

1. The problem of polishing and maintenance: Use Gardening to cut the blade often, keep sharp, and put it in a special cloth bag or toolbox to save it for next use.

2. cleaning problem: For the cleaning problem of scissors, it is mainly to remove filth.The sapped liquid attached to the shear should be cleaned in time. The cleaning agent of dirt is available on the market. You can also use hot water to clean it directly a toothbrush and other tools in hot water at about 80 C.Essence

3. To prevent rust::After cleaning the Gardening, wipe or dry the water in the Gardening artisia, and then put it away. The Gardening of the chemicals should be cleaned thoroughly to avoid corrosive metal components.Because the enemy of the steel is "rust".Although ARS's tools have been treated hard chrome -plated or specially plated on the basis of high -carbon steel, this is not all. After the erosion of resin liquid dirt water, there will still be rust.Therefore, be sure to pay attention to cleaning and maintaining full dryness in time.The heavy part of the blade is prone to residue moisture, so pay special attention.

In addition, after the scissors are dry, apply the blade anti -rust oil (mechanical oil, sewing machine oil, etc.) to apply a thin layer to keep the child's hand that is not enough to keep the child. Pay attention to avoid direct sunlight.

It is understood that a high -quality scissors can cut 500,000 to 1 million times in normal times. As long as it is properly used, it should be trimmed 500,000 times.But can it be trimmed to 1 million times or more? It really depends on the user's own habits, especially the daily maintenance and custody, so please also pay attention to itGardeningThe daily maintenance and storage of the knife.

Types of astronomical Telescope

Optical Telescope is roughly divided into three categories: refraction type, reflex, reflective type.

1. Refractable Telescope

Advantages: The imaging is very sharp, sharp, and high.Connecting the "Positive mirror" can make the imaging not upside down, which is conducive to the observation of the ground scenery.It is easy to maintain and has a long service life, but be careful not to let the lens moldy.

Disadvantages: The price is high, and the same price can buy a larger reflected Telescope.There is still a little residual color difference in the ordinary color difference Telescope.The residual color difference is too small to ignore the price of the "reunion color difference Telescope" price and its expensive.

2. Petamina Telescope

Advantages: Low price (compared to the refraction mirror), the same price caliber, you can see more and darker celestial bodies.Imaging colorless difference.Cost -effective.Most of the large -caliber Telescopes of professional observatory are reflective structures.

Disadvantages: Daily maintenance is relatively troublesome.

Astronomical Telescope parameter

1. Activity

The diameter refers to the effective light diameter of the object mirror, which is often represented by the symbol "d".The ability to collect starlights is directly proportional to the Square of its caliber.Therefore, the greater the caliber of the objective mirror, the more likely it is to observe the darker celestial body.

2. Differential angle and resolution skills

The distinguishing angle is usually based on the angle seconds, which refers to the angle distance between the two light points that can be discussed by the Telescope.During the visual observation, the distortion angle of the Telescope = 140 (angle seconds) / d (millimeter), D is the effective caliber of the object mirror.The distortion of the Telescope is measured by the countdown of the distinction angle of the Telescope, so the larger the diameter of the Telescope, the better the discrimination.

3. magnifying rate

The magnification rate is the physical quantity of the visual Telescope, that is, the angle of the magnification.The amplification rate of the eyes Telescope is equal to the ratio of the focal length of the material mirror to the focal length of the eyed mirror. Therefore, as long as the differential mirrors are changed, the magnification of the Telescope can be changed.However, due to the limitation of the deduction of the object mirror, the magnifying rate of the Telescope cannot be increased without limit. Generally speaking, the amplifier rate is roughly 2D (the value of the 2 objective mirror diameter, and the caliber value is based on millimeter).During the observation, it is by no means the optimal rate of the maximum.If the magnifying rate far exceeds its magnifying multiplier limit, although the star statue looks larger, it does not increase its clarity. On the contrary, it will make the star statue blur, dimVery narrow.

4. Vision field

The sky corner diameter can be called the visual field of the Telescope corresponding to the area corresponding to the good imaging of the Telescope.The bigger the field of view, the wider the vision that sees it.The field of view of the Telescope is inversely proportional, the greater the magnifying rate, the smaller the field of view.Different diameter, different focal lengths, different optical systems (including objectives and eyepiece) and quality determine the size of the viewing field of the Telescope.When looking at the starry sky, if you use a large viewing Telescope plus a wide -angle mirror, you will feel like walking in the starry sky.

5, extreme star, etc.

"Xingwu" is an indicator of the brightness of the celestial body, which is often represented by the symbol "M".The smaller the value of the star, the brighter the star; the larger the value of the star, the darker the star.The difference between the stars is 2.512 times the difference between the brightness.Extreme stars refer to the stars with the darkest celestial body with a Telescope.The visual limit star of the Telescope can be roughly estimated by the following formulas: M = 2.1 5LOGD formula D (caliber) is based on millimeter.

Note: The light pollution in large cities will seriously affect the size of the extreme star, so the best observation location is to stay away from the outskirts of urban light pollution.

Astronomical Telescope mirror

1. Huachangs mirror (H)

It was developed in 1703.It consists of 2 slices of convex lenses, with a small view of the field, about 25-40 degrees. It is relatively short (the distance from the eyed mirror to the eyes) is relatively short.Patch mirror.Because the Wynos mirror is easy to make and the price is low, it is often used on a small entry -level Telescope.

2. Romans Deng mirror (R or SR)

It was a successful design in 1783, and it was also two flat -mirror structures with two convex mirror structures with the same focal length.The field of view is about 30-45 degrees.The ball difference, axial color difference, and distortion of Raraz Eye mirrors are less than Waisse mirrors, and the venue is also significantly reduced.But the distance from the pupil is also short.Both Romin and Wynos belong to the first generation of eyepiece.

3. Kylene mirror (K)

It appeared in 1849 and was composed of three lenses.It is developed on the basis of Ranzeson's mirror. The main improvement is to change the single -piece lighting mirror to the dual -glue combined color differential lens.Improve the image of the edge, and the effective field of view reaches 40-50 degrees.In the middle and low rates, the imaging quality of the Kylene mirror is better than that of Wets and Romin.In addition, the field mirror of the Kelna eye mirror is close to the focal plane, so that the dust on the field mirror is easy to images and affects observation, so pay special attention to cleaning.

4. Abbey disordered eye mirror (or)

In 1880, it was designed by Abe in Germany. It is a structure of four pieces and two sets. Among them, the field mirror is a three -gluble lens, and the mirror is a flat -convex lens.The degree of detecting, it also has a flat field of viewing at 40-50 degrees and sufficient pupil distances. It has performed well in each magnification and has been widely adopted.But the price is relatively high.

5. Pruden eye mirror (PL or Plossl)

Also known as "symmetrical mirror".It is a four -piece structure, consisting of two two sets of dual -gluing color differential lenses. Its parameter performance is equivalent to OR eyepiece, but PL eyepiece has a greater pupil distance and field of view.Because the two anti -colored differential gum compounds in PL eyepiece can be exactly the same, the cost ratio is low, and it is currently the most widely used eyepiece mirror.K, OR, PL belong to the second -generation eyepiece.

6. About the size of the eyepiece interface

There are roughly three interface specifications of the Telescope eye mirror: 24.5 mm (0.965 inches), 31.7 mm (1.25 inches), and 50.8 mm (2 inches).24.5 mm is mainly used for small entry -level Telescopes. 31.7 mm is the current mainstream size.50.8 mm is mainly used on high -end large -diameter Telescopes.

Astronomical Telescope selection guide

1. Comparison of the type of astronomical Telescope

1) The refracted astronomical Telescope is more convenient to use, the field of view is large, the star is bright, but the color difference is reduced, which reduces the resolution.The objective mirror of high -quality refractive mirrors is two double -separated color differential mirrors or 3 recovery differential mirrors.However, color difference or compound dispenusion difference can not completely eliminate color differences.

2) The advantage of the reflector astronomical Telescope is that there is no color difference.Commonly used reflectors include Newtonian and Cargreen.The former is simple and cheap, the spherical reflex mirror is on the back end, and the eyepiece is on the front side of the front end; the main and auxiliary mirrors of the latter optical system are non -spherical, the main mirror and eyepiece are behind.Essence

3) The refractive astronomical Telescope mirror takes into account the advantages of the refracted mirror astronomical Telescope and reflector astronomical Telescope: large visual field, good image, short lens barrel, easy to carry.Compared with the focal length and the refraction Telescope of the same caliber, the price is less than one -third of the price.There are two types of refractive mirrors: Schmith -Cargreen style and Mark Sotov -Kasseglin -style, which is also called the horse -card mirror.Horse -card mirrors have two types and three types.For example: Bosma1800150 astronomical Telescope and BOSMA2400200 astronomical Telescope are all three pieces. Because the image is better than two pieces, it is welcomed by domestic and foreign astronomical enthusiasts.

2. Reasonably choose the focal length of the astronomical Telescope

Choosing the focal length of a astronomical Telescope is related to the celestial body you want to observe.If you want to observe the nebula and find a comet, choose a short focus distance astronomical Telescope; if you want to observe the moon and the planet, choose the Changjiao astronomical Telescope; if you want to observe the two stars, gathering stars, changing stars, and star groups, it is best to choose a medium focus astronomy astronomytelescope.Mid -focus mirrors can take both ends, which are more popular.Usually short mirrors refer to the ratio of the focal length and caliber than or equal to 6, and the long mirror refers to the ratio of the focal length to the caliber than 15, which is called the mid -focal length mirror between the two.

3. Is the astronomical Telescope lens high and the high multiples are high?

According to the experience of long -term observation of astronomers, the maximum magnification of the astronomical Telescope must not be greater than the diameter of the 1.5 times (represented by millimeters). The Telescope with a caliber of 100 mm is observed.Times.The best tranquility can reach 190 times; when the caliber is 200 mm, it is observed in a medium of atmospheric tranquility, and it must not be greater than 170 times.At the best tranquility, it can reach 340 times; in fact, the maximum magnification of the bright celestial bodies can be doubled for astronomy enthusiasts, and even the caliber of the 2.5 times mirror (represented by millimeters).However, the multiples of the astronomical Telescope make the image bigger and darker, and at the same time, the atmospheric jitter has also enlarged, making the image more blurred.

4. Choose as much as possible astronomical Telescope

1) Large diameter, there are many light energy received, and you can observe a darker celestial body.

2) Large caliber, maximum effective magnification V is large, because V = main mirror diameter D (represented by millimeters).

3) Large diameter and high resolution. You can observe more details of the planet, you can distinguish the double stars, and it is possible to find darker asteroids and comets.In terms of resolution theory, it is only related to the caliber, which is actually related to optical design, processing and installation, and schools.Generally, the resolution of the popular science Telescope can reach 2 times the theoretical distinguishing angle, even if it is a high -quality Telescope, and the BOSMA1800150 is tested by the import metering instrument, the resolution is better than 1 , which is close to the theoretical value.

5. How to distinguish the optical quality of the astronomical Telescope

When buying during the day, you can observe a building in the distance with an astronomical Telescope to move the outline of the building to 1/4 of the vision. If the outline orange or blue -purple is particularly obvious, or the contour line is bent particularly, don't buy it.; Look at the leaves in the distance. Generally speaking, the 60 mm caliber Telescope can see the leaf tendons at 40 meters away. Don't buy it if you can't see it clearly.Of course, the larger the diameter of the astronomical Telescope, the farther it looks.Bosma70060 astronomical Telescope (caliber 60 mm) can see the leaf tendons outside 85 meters.In the evening, you can watch the stars. If you see the stars with color and particularly obvious, or the stars on the edge of the field of vision drag your tail, the length of the star is twice the size of the star. This astronomical Telescope is not suitable for astronomical observation.

6. Detection of resolution of astronomical Telescope

The best way is to observe the double stars.For example: Tiaoya star is double star (near the cowherd star), the angle distance is 1 .4; Aries star is double star, corner distance 1 .The husband's star is a double star, with a corner distance of 3 .

7. Observation about planets

Observe the magnification of gold, wood, water, fire, and Saturn is the planetary small round face in the astronomical Telescope viewing field and the full moon seen by the naked eye.Therefore, it can be observed by observing Jupiter with a 50mm objective mirror. Venus and Mars can be observed with 80mm objective mirrors, and Mercury uses a 280mm objective mirror.

8. Observation about the sun sunspots

Big Kuroko can be seen with a small astronomical Telescope, while some small sunspots need to use a large astronomical Telescope to see clearly.Amateur observations generally use projection observations.Observe that the sun and the moon should use a Telescope with a caliber (D/F), it is best to be 1: 15-1: 20.You can also add a light bar in front of the mirror to reduce the caliber ratio.However, doing so will reduce the discrimination of the Telescope.

9. Observation about the moon

The moon has ring -shaped mountains, chain mountains, Yuehai, Moon Valley, grooves (dry rivers) and bright radiation stripes. A good astronomical Telescope can see very subtle details on the moon.The best magnification of the moon is (1 1.5) main mirror caliber (MM).

10. Scholar about astronomical Telescope

The stands of astronomical Telescope have two types: horizon and equatorial type, all of which have two vertical shafts.The vision of the astronomical Telescope is generally relatively small, and the larger the magnifying rate, the smaller the field of vision, so choose a bracket that will not shake due to wind blowing.

1. How to install the rack on the wall

1. Prepare the tools, the most important thing is to prepare an impact drill.It should be noted here that according to the size of the expansion screws, choose the drill of the largest one.

2. First, the rack on the wall is compared with the approximate position, then take the height and the pore distance with the tape measure, and mark it with a pen.

3. Use the impact drill to punch the place where the mark is made. It should be noted that when punching, the hole eyes need to be slightly up towards it to avoid the rack tilted down because of gravity.

4. Then put the expansion screws in the hole, and fix it with a hammer.Different types of expansion screws are different. You can search the Internet online to find the specific one for you.

5. Insert the rack into the fixed screw, and complete it.

2. Principles of installation of racks on the wall

1. The installation of racks on the wall should follow the principle of convenience and practicality.When installing the rack, you must take into account the entire layout and daily life habits, such as installing the frame on the wall in the kitchen, and consider the place where the wall is installed on the stir -frying place.

2. The installation of racks on the wall should abide by the principle of saving space.The kitchen and bathrooms are relatively small in our family, so the installation of the shelf must save space and make reasonable use of our space.

3. The installation of racks on the wall should be classified clearly.There are many types of shelves on the wall, and different places with different positions in home are installed in different positions, so that they can "perform their duties" in order to make home life methodically.

3. Tips for installing racks on the wall

1. New masonry wall

Put the metal components in advance in the wall, set the grid plate, or stabb the eyes on the side of the thick plate, or the carpenters are fixed according to the component to make the decorative conclusion stable.

2. Decorative frame on the wall

First, the steel bars are inserted on the wall, the decorative frame is set, or the thick plate is stabbed into the eye, or the carpenters are fixed according to the component, and the decoration cannot be disassembled.

3. Heavy decorationTaste

The wall is fixed with a fixed -angle steel frame such as expansion bolts, a decorative frame, or a carpenter fixed according to the component. The corner steel frame is a bit ugly. It can place items such as books. The book can be used to cover the oblique support.

4, cantilever bracket

Purchasing the iron bracket of the product may be a dedicated fixed frame, the wall is eye -catching, and it can be fixed with plastic bolt or woody wedge and wood screws. The glass decoration frame can be used. The cost is slightly higher, but it is very beautiful and beautiful.

What kind of Flower stand on the balcony is good -looking

1. Flowing Flower stand

There are generally several layers of flower stands. It is small and can be placed in multiple pots of plants. Put the Flower pots on a Flower stand. The green ones are not only good -looking, but it can be taken care of.iron art, a beautiful Flower stand can also add a lot of face value to the balcony.

2. Wall Flower stand

Fix the Flower stand on the wall, do not take up the ground space, and can put multiple pots of plants, and dress the wall as beautiful. Stay at home on the weekend to pour the flowers, sort out the Flower pots, listen to music and watch it, watch the music and watch it.With beautiful flowers and plants, I won't want to go out all day.

3. Flower pot Hanging fence

The balcony is equipped with a guardrail. The guardrail is firm. You can fix the Flower stand on the fence, and then place the Flower pot on the Flower stand. In a row, it is neat and beautiful. When the flowers in the Flower pot are blooming, it becomes a beautiful landscape.People can't tire of it.

4. Flower pot Hanging

Bell, when their flowers are open, they are beautiful outside the house, and the fragrance is overflowing.

5. Use the corner of the balcony to plant flowers

The balcony flower can be used to use the corner of the balcony, a small piece of wood, and a brick to build a flower pond. You can plant your favorite flowers and plants.Then put on furniture to relax and relax and make life beautiful.

How to match the balcony Flower stand and design to look good

1. Balcony Flower stand with a light literary atmosphere

A good balcony Flower stand design can make the entire balcony space instantly neat and more natural.As shown in the figure, this simple Flower stand design, the entire balcony is a closed design. The louver curtain design is adopted in the matching of curtains, so that the sufficient sunlight is sprinkled into the balcony. The light is cut into a natural texture.The warmth and comfort on the body.The design of the Flower stand in front of the curtains, the frame of the overall Flower stand is extremely simple, and the color is mainly based on simple white, which explains the charm of personality and literature with simple design.The structure of different flowers in the Flower stand also makes the layering of the space stronger.Different plant species placed on the Flower stand can fully accept the baptism of the sun and grow up and healthy. On this balcony, you can feel the cordial sunshine, and you can also experience the rich natural vitality.

2. Creative wall -mounted grille Flower frame

There are many styles of flower stands in the balcony space. Not only are they floor -to -ceiling flower stands, but there are also some wall -mounted flower stands, just like this balcony Flower stand on the picture.Because the space itself is not very large, if a landing Flower stand is placed, the overall space will be very narrow and crowded. Therefore, the Flower stand of this balcony uses a unique wall -mounted design.The structure is designed with a grille style, which can hang plant flowers and other flowers on the grille. While decorating the wall, it is also a very good flower plant.At the same time, this type of Flower stand is also very suitable for placing on the fence.

3. solid wood shelves

Sometimes a simple solid wood shelf is also a very practical Flower stand design. On the wall of the balcony space, only four solid wood shelves are designed. The spacing of each other is the same.The plants vases make the simple light blue wall also exudes pure and natural colors. Putting a casual table and chair on the balcony is a very comfortable and leisure space.The sun poured in from the top of the head, bringing leisure and purity to the balcony.

The balcony is installed like this, creating a small garden. Whenever the flowers are in full bloom, the entire balcony is beautiful, so that you don't want to go out at first sight of such a beautiful balcony.