How to distinguish the seeds of vegetables?

Take a look:Based on certain shapes, sizes, and Skin colors of the seeds.Leek, green onion, and onion seeds are very similar, while leeks are horseshoe -shaped, Smooth and uneven, shallots and onions are pronged, and they are more black than leek seeds.Bright.Some seed lengths have a certain correlation with the length of the fruits, and if the Cucumber is also slender if the long Cucumber is slender.The cabbage species are large, the mustard species are small, and cabbage rapeseed is medium.The epidermis of the cabbage of the cabbage is relatively rough, and the blue species lack luster. There is a layer of white frost in cauliflower species. There are always some yellow grain seeds in rapeseed species, similar to immature tender seeds.The cabbage is black and bright as a new seed. The seeds are dark and white are Chen seeds.

Listening:Grab the bean seeds and shake it in your hand, listen to the crispness of its sound.The crispy sound is low, and most of the Chen species of losing germination rate.The sound is turbid, and the germination rate is not crispy. It is available.

Three smells:Sniff the smell of seeds.The flavor of the celery is the new seed, and the fragrance is Chen seeds.Onion seeds have onion flavors, chili seeds are spicy, and there is no spicy flavor of sweet peppers.

Four pinch:Grab a handful of Cucumber seeds with your hands. If many seeds stick to the hand as new seeds, it is Chen seeds without stickiness.Gently rub the tomato seeds with three fingers, and the fingers are more Smooth.

Five:Put the cabbage seeds and eggplant with their fingernails, which can be used in half for the Chen species that loses germination and cannot be used.

Six:Put the oily seeds of the Cross flowers on the plate with nails and crushed it with nails. After pressing it, it is scattered and the internal color becomes red.Light green, this kind of germination power is good.

Seven tasks:Try to bite with your mouth.Mustard and snowy seeds have a strong spicy flavor; cabbage, cauliflower, and blue seeds have bitter flavor; rapeseed seeds are sweet; cabbage has a light flavor, and new species are heavier than old species;The respective smell; chili has spicy flavor, sweet peppers without spicy flavor.

Vegetable cropy seed identification skills

1. Rapeseed: Peel the seeds of rapeseed seeds for observation. All young buds and young roots are blue and white, and the leaves are green, yellow and white, yellow, moist, and elastic.With brown, the cotyledon is also brown and dumped, shrinking to the seeds that are already dead.

2. Cabbage: The seedlings of the seeds are 3-5 years, and the life limit is 2-4 years.The mature and full new seeds are iron rust or reddish brown, mature seeds are golden red, Smooth and fresh epidermis, slightly concave at the germ, pressed with nails, yellow or yellow -green, more fat, and the Skin is not easy to break; Chen seeds are not easy to break;The epidermis is dark iron rust or dark brown, dark and lustrous. There is often a layer of "white frost". It is pressed with nails. The child's leaves are orange -yellow, and the epidermis is broken into small pieces.

3. Cucumber: 3-5 years of seedlings, 2-3 years in use.The epidermis of the new seed is milky white or white, shiny, the end of the end of the end is more pointed, and the seed Skin is tough. When peeling, the slices are connected to the film.There is no gloss in the epidermis, there are macular, the end of the end of the end is more blunt, the Skin is crispy, and it is not easy to connect when peeling.

4. Tomato: The seedlings of the seeds are 3-6 years, and the life limit is 2-3 years.New seeds are neat, oblique, long and soft, rubbing the palm of the palm without stabbing with the hands, and the gross hair is not easy to be rubbed.The oil can be printed and dyeing paper; the seeds of the Chen seeds are tingling with the heart of the hands, and the seeds are easily rubbed or rubbed. After cutting, the seed kernels are yellow and white.

5. Eggplant: 3-6 years of seeds and 2-3 years of use.New seeds are orange -yellow, with slightly yellow edges. When bite with teeth, it is easy to slide. When twisting with your hands, it is tough when twisting with your hands.The center color is consistent, there is no toughness when the hands are twisted, the broken place is neat, and the Skin is crisp.

6. Pepper: 3-4 years of seedlings, 2-3 years in use.The Skin of the new seeds is dark beige, orange -yellow in the umbilicus, shiny, soft and not easy to break when the teeth are bitten, and the spicy taste is large;When bite, it is hard and crispy, easy to break, and small or spicy.

7. Onion and garlic vegetables: The seedlings of the seeds are 1-2 years, and the use period is about 1 year.Including onions, green onions, chives, etc.The Skin of the new seed is dark black, shiny, embryo white, and has the original fishy smell of this variety; the epidermis of the seeds is black and dark, and the embryo is yellow.

Blueberry seedlings breeding regulations for potted blueberry planting conditions and methods

Seedling process

1, Use organizational training methods to cultivate half -high blueberry and short -cut blueberry seedlings:

(1) Basic medium:WPM ZT (0.5~1.0mg/L) IBA0.05 mg/L)Essence

(2) Start training: use the tip of the stem or stem, use75%Alcohol sterilization30S, Use again0.1%Sterilization of mercury8Min, Then rinse it with sterile water five times, inoculate to the medium, light16H, Light intensity2000 ~ 3000Lex, temperaturetwenty threeAround .

(3) Proliferation and training: After the seedlings are full of seedlings, they are repeatedly transferred until the required number is required.

(4) Evaluation: The bottle seedlings are good, the color is normal, and the infection rate is controlled5%Inside, the quantity is moderate, which is qualified.

2, Transplanting:

(1) Three days after the seedlings are refined, cut into a contract3Cm stem section, use800Double bacterial spirit and root powder soak10minAfter that, transplant it into the seedling plate filled with water moss, and the temperature is controlled15~28, humidity70~90%, Ding the Shading net until the stem section is rooted.Everywhere15Spray once800Domobacterial and rooting fluid.

Move in after rooting1213In the nutritional bowl of centimeters, seedlingspHValue control4.5Left and right, at the same time1/4The left and right sawfo or pine needles.

(2) Management: Moderate watering every day, observe the condition and insects, and prevent timely prevention.

(3) Assessment: rooting rate70%, The survival rate after rooting90%For qualification.

(4) After the root system is full of nutritional bowl, you can move into the field.

Several conditions of potted blueberry planting:

1,soilpH: Blueberries can grow healthy in an acidic medium and cultivate soilpHValue4.5~5.5The most suitable for blueberry growth.GardenpHGenerally6~7Between the acidic soil sold by the flower and bird market,pHThe lowest value is also there is also5.5~6between.Generally, sulfur powder is used to adjust sulfur powder, and one gram of sulfur powder is added per liter can make the soilpHDecrease1There are also individual varieties that have little requirements for acidicity, but they are not as good as planted under acid soil.

2Cold storage: The so -called cold storage volume is the normal flowering result of blueberries generally requires lower than7.2The low temperature duration of .The classification of blueberry varieties is mainly based on cold storage.The cold storage is not enough, even if it is blooming, it will not bear fruit.(PS: In the above classification, suitable areas are for reference only. For example, many places in high mountains in the southern areas are also suitable for the planting of the northern high -crow blueberry.Cure

3Fertilizer: Blueberry is suspected of fat and calcium. In planting, it is generally added with rotten beef, sheep, rabbit manure or rotten soil in the early stage of planting.A small amount of topdressing is still necessary.Avoid big fatWell, wiseGenerally, the content is used1: 1: 1Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium Compound fertilizer, or ammonium sulfate1: 2000Double solution.Also pay attention to stay away from calcium, such as some people often put eggshells in Flower pots.

4Watering: Blueberries are wet, but they need to be loose and breathable soil. Therefore, the water permeability of the soil must be good. When the temperature is high, it may need to be watered once in the morning and evening.After I tried to plant Beigao to friends in Guangdong, proper watering can make blueberries resist high temperature and safe in summer.

5Light: The needs of blueberries for light are the same as other plants, which is essential.;;Compared with the same variety, if the light intensity is not enough, the flower buds will be less and the fruit quality will be reduced. For orchards with excessive cultivation density, proper trimming will be conducive to photosynthesis.For the balcony terrace, the light management of blueberries is simpler than the orchard, but it should be paid attention to ventilation.

It is recommended that it is better to place Nantai platform

6Following: The pollination of blueberries is a vital level. Most of the blueberries are heterogeneous pollination.Gaopya blueberries can be solidly, while rabbit eyes blueberries and low -cut blueberries generally need to be configured with pollination trees.The structural characteristics and pollen viscosity of the blueberry floral ware, the pollination is mainly done by insects.It is generally believed that the wings of the Hornets can vibrate, which can vibrate pollen, and the variety of corollas is not easy to pick powder. Therefore, the plantation garden mainly relies on rejuvenating pollination.Artificial pollination, you can lightly dip the pollen with a brush;;A friend uses a hair dryer to pollinate, and the effect is also very good. It can be seen that the sufficient amount of wind can also play a good role in pollination.

7Cold anti -prevention: short and semi -high -high blueberries have strong cold resistance, but due to different low temperatures in various places, there are still frost damage in extreme weather. The most important of which are the end of the open -air winter branches and flower buds.EssenceTherefore, the cultivation and wintering protection in cold areas are also important measures to increase production.

Personal test: South High variety -Sharp Blue, Mist,2013Frozen2014In the spring of the spring in Shandong, the freezer of the sun, the freezing damage occurs in the sun1In the end of the month-2In the beginning of the month, the top of the branches3-4Flower buds were frozen, the sun was frozen to death, and no freezing damage occurred in the cold shed.

8Potted plants: In the more compact and golden cities, blueberries are mainly potted. Almost all blueberries are suitable for potted plants.The terrace should also pay attention to the appropriate varieties of height and height, so that the Flower pot moves.

[Management Measures for Fertilization] Fertilizer registration Inquiries and query Fertilizer registration management measures latest

The latest measures for Fertilizer registration

The Ministry of agriculture of the People's Republic of China

First32Number

"Management Measures for Fertilization", which has2000Year6moon12The Executive Meeting of the Ministry of agriculture has been released and implemented.

Minister Chen Yaobang

June 23, 20000

Measures for Fertilizer registration

Chapter 1 General Principles

Article 1 In order to strengthen the management of Fertilizer, protect the ecological environment, ensure the safety of human and animals, and promote agricultural production, these measures are formulated in accordance with laws and regulations such as the agricultural Law of the People's Republic of China.

Article 2 The production, operation, use, and publicity of Fertilizer products in the territory of the People's Republic of China shall comply with these measures.

Article 3 The Fertilizers referred to in these Measures refer to the provision, maintaining or improving plant nutrition and soil physics, chemical properties, and biological activity, which can improve agricultural product output, improve the quality of agricultural products, or enhance the organic, inorganic, and inorganic to enhance the anti -inverse of plant resistance., Microbial and its mixed materials.

Article 4 The state encourages the development, production and use of safe, efficient, and economical Fertilizer products.

Article 5 The implementation of Fertilizer products registration management system shall not be imported, produced, sold and used, and may not be advertised.

Article 6 Fertilizer registration is divided into two stages: temporary registration and formal registration:

(1) Temporary registration: After the field test, Fertilizer products that need to be conducted in the field demonstration test and trial sales, producers should apply for temporary registration.

(2) Formal registration: The field demonstration test and trial sales can be used as a Fertilizer product that is formally circulated. Producers should apply for formal registration.

Article 7 The Ministry of agriculture is responsible for national Fertilizer registration and supervision and management.

The agricultural administrative department of the people's government of the provincial, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government assists the Ministry of agriculture for the registration of Fertilizer in the administrative area.

The agricultural administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level is responsible for the supervision and management of Fertilizer in the administrative area.

Chapter 2 Registration Application

Article 8 Any Fertilizer producers with independent legal person qualifications may all apply for Fertilizer registration application.

Article 9 The Ministry of agriculture formulates and releases the Requirements for Fertilizer Registration Information.

Fertilizer producers apply for Fertilizer registration, and should provide product chemistry, Fertilizer efficiency, safety, label and other information and representative Fertilizer samples in accordance with the "Requirements for Fertilizer Registration Information".

Article 10 The Department of planting Management of the Ministry of agriculture is responsible for or entrusted to complete the procedures for Fertilizer registration and check whether the registration application information is complete.

Domestic producers apply for temporary registration of Fertilizers. The application registration information shall be applied to the planting management department or its entrusted unit entrusted by the provincial agricultural administrative department of the provincial agricultural administrative department.

Article 11 Before the producer applies for temporary registration of Fertilizers, a standard field test must be conducted in China.

Before the producer's application for Fertilizer is officially registered, the field demonstration test must be conducted in China.

For national standards or industry standards, or the product types identified by the Ministry of agriculture, the Fertilizer registration review committee can be reduced accordingly/ /Or field demonstration test.

Article 12 The field trials of Fertilizer products produced by producers in domestic producers except microorganisms, which are undertaken by the trial units identified by the agricultural administrative department at or above the provincial level and issued test reports.The Fertilizer products produced by the person are borne by the test units identified by the Ministry of agriculture and issued a test report.

The field demonstration test of Fertilizer products is undertaken by the test units identified by the Ministry of agriculture and issued a test report.

When identifying the experimental units at the provincial level, the agricultural administrative department of the provincial level should adhere to the principles of fairness and comprehensively consider agricultural technology promotion, scientific research, and teaching test units.

The identified test units shall accept the supervision and management of agricultural administrative departments at or above the provincial level.The test unit assumes legal responsibility for the authenticity of the test reports issued.

Article 13: Fertilizer products with the following circumstances, the registration application will not be accepted:

(1) Foreign products without a certificate of use (registered) without a producer;

(2) Products that do not meet the national industrial policy;

(3) Products with controversy in intellectual property;

(4) Products that do not meet the requirements of national or industry standards such as security, hygiene, environmental protection.

Article 14 For the long -term use of farmland, the following products with national or industry standards are free of registration:

Ammonium sulfate, Urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium cyanide, ammonium phosphate (ammonium phosphate, ammonium), nitrate phosphate Fertilizer, calcium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, calcium calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calcium, calciumMagnesium phosphate Fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, single trace element Fertilizer, high concentration of Compound fertilizer.

Chapter 3 Registration Approval

Article 15 The Ministry of agriculture is responsible for the registration and approval, registration certificate and announcement of the national Fertilizer.

Article 16 The Ministry of agriculture hires technical experts and management experts to organize the establishment of the Fertilizer registration review committee to conduct a comprehensive review of the product chemistry, Fertilizer and safety of product chemistry, Fertilizer effects and safety for registered Fertilizer products.

Article 17 The Ministry of agriculture shall approve or issue a temporary registration certificate or formal registration certificate in accordance with the comprehensive review opinions of the Fertilizer Registration and Review Committee.

The Fertilizer registration certificate uses the "Special Seal of the Ministry of agriculture of the Ministry of agriculture of the People's Republic of China".

Article 18 The Ministry of agriculture directly approves and issues a temporary registration certificate for products that meet the following conditions:

(1) Products with national or industry standards and qualified quality after inspection.

(2) The product types of the Fertilizer registration and review committee and identified by the Ministry of agriculture have applied for complete registered materials and passed the quality of the inspection quality.

Article 19 The Ministry of agriculture decides to convene a plenary meeting of the Fertilizer Registration and Review Committee.

Article 20 The name of the name of the Fertilizer products shall be standardized and shall not be misleading.

Article 21 The validity period for the temporary registration certificate of Fertilizers is one year.The validity period of the temporary registration certificate of the Fertilizer and the product that needs to continue to produce and sell the product shall be issued before the expiry of the validity period.The exhibition is valid for one year.The temporary registration of renewal should not be more than two times.

The formal registration certificate is valid for five years.If the formal registration certificate of the Fertilizer is valid, if the product needs to continue to produce and sell the product, the renewal registration application shall be issued premise at the expiry of six months.The exhibition is valid for five years.

If the validity period of the registration certificate does not submit a renewal registration application, it is deemed to be automatically withdrawn the registration.If the registration certificate is valid, the registration application shall be submitted to the registration.

Article 22 If the registered Fertilizer products change the scope of use, the name of the product, and the name of the enterprise within the validity period of the registration, the registration shall be applied for change registration; if the ingredients and dosage forms are changed, the registration shall be re -applied.

Chapter 4 Registration Management

Article 23 The packaging of Fertilizer products shall have a label, instruction manual and product quality inspection certificate.The label and instruction manual should be used in Chinese and meet the following requirements:

(1) indicate the name of the product, the name and address of the manufacturer;

(2) indicate Fertilizer registration certificates, product standard numbers, effective ingredient names and content, net weight, production date and quality assurance period;

(3) indicate the applicable crops, applicable areas, methods and precautions of the product;

(4) Product name and recommended crops and regions shall be consistent with registration;

It is forbidden to modify the approved label content without authorization.

Article 24 The Fertilizer products that obtain the registration certificate will be confirmed that it is harmful to people, animals, and crops within the validity period. The Fertilizer registration and review committee will be considered, and the Ministry of agriculture announces restrictions on or prohibited.

Article 25 The competent agricultural administrative department shall conduct regular or irregular inspections of Fertilizer production, operation and use of Fertilizers in the area in accordance with regulations.hide.For products with unqualified quality, it must be improved within a time limit.For products with continuous quality and unqualified quality, the Fertilizer registration certificate will not be renewed after expired.

Article 26 The acceptance of Fertilizer registration and approval units and relevant personnel shall provide information and sample conservative technical secrets provided by producers.

Chapter 5 penalty

Article 27 If one of the following circumstances, the agricultural administrative department at or above the county level is given a warning, and the income is illegal3Perm, but the highest must not exceed30000Yuan; if there is no illegal income, it is10000Fine below yuan:

(1) Fertilizer products that have not obtained the registration certificate for production and sales;

(2) Fake and fake Fertilizer registration certificate, registration certificate number;

(3) The effective ingredients or content of Fertilizer products produced and sold are not consistent with the content of registration and approval.

Article 28 If one of the following circumstances, the agricultural administrative department at or above the county level is given a warning, and the income is illegal3Perm, but the highest must not exceed20000Yuan; if there is no illegal income, it is10000Fine below yuan:

(1) Transfer Fertilizer registration certificate or registration certificate number;

(2) The validity period of the registration certificate continues to produce the Fertilizer product without approved renewal registration;

(3) If the labels are not attached to the production and sales packaging, the labels are unclear or modified the label content without authorization.

Article 29 The staff of Fertilizer registration management abuses their powers, neglects duty, cheats, and bribery for bribery, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.

Chapter 6 Affiliated

Article 30 The registered fees shall be paid in accordance with regulations.

The producer conducts field trials and field demonstration tests. It shall provide representative test samples in accordance with regulations and pay the test fee.The test sample must be tested and confirmed that the effective ingredients and their contents of the sample and their contents must be tested before the testing of the statutory quality testing agency before the test can be performed.

Article 31 The competent agricultural administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government is responsible for the registration and approval of Compound fertilizer, formula Fertilizer (excluding leaf Fertilizer), refined Organic fertilizer, and bed soil -tuning in the administrative area.Certificate issuance and announcement work.The agricultural administrative departments of the people's government of the provincial, autonomous regions, and municipalities may not overdone the approval and registration.

The agricultural administrative department of the people's government of the provincial, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government will formulate specific registration management methods for complex and mixed Fertilizer, formula Fertilizer (excluding leaf surface Fertilizer), refined Organic fertilizer, and bed soil -tuning.Essence

The agricultural administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, and municipalities may entrust the local Fertilizer institutions that belong to their Fertilizer institutions to undertake specific Fertilizer registration in their own administrative regions.

Article 32: The agricultural administrative department of the people's government of the province, autonomous region, and municipality directly under the Central Government approves the registered reciprocating Fertilizer, formula Fertilizer (excluding leaf Fertilizer), refined Organic fertilizer, and bed soil -tuning agent, which can only be sold in this province.If it is to be sold in other provinces and regions, producers and sellers must be recorded to the provincial agricultural administrative department of the provincial agricultural administrative department.

Article 33 The application of the following products is applicable:

(1) In the process of production and accumulation of Organic fertilizer, biological and chemical preparations for decomposition and cooked organic matter are added;

(2) It comes from natural substances, which are processed and refined by physical or biological fermentation process. Organic or organic inorganic hybrid products with specific effects. This effect includes not only the supply of soil, environment and plant nutrients, but also the growth of plant growth.Promote the role.

Article 34 The following products are not applicable to these measures:

(1) Mixture of Fertilizers and pesticides;

(2) Organic fertilizer for farmers' self -use.

Article 35 The following provisions are defined as:

(1) Formula Fertilizer refers to the use of soil measurement formula technology, based on the nutritional needs of different crops, soil nutrient content and Fertilizer characteristics, with a variety of single -quality Fertilizers as raw materials, and add appropriate medium, trace elements or specific organic Fertilizers to targetedly add a targeted amount of medium, trace elements or specific organic Fertilizers.It is processed by mixing or granularity processing, which has a strong targeted and regional Fertilizer.

(2) Leaf surface Fertilizer refers to Fertilizers applied to plant leaves and can be absorbed and utilized.

(3) bed soil -tuning agent refers to the period when the crop raising period is used to regulate the acidity (orpHvalue) Preparation.

(4) Microbial Fertilizer refers to products that can obtain specific Fertilizer effects in agricultural production and can obtain specific Fertilizer effects containing specific microorganisms. This effect includes not only the supply of soil, environment, and plant nutrientsProducts' beneficial effects on plants.

(5) Organic fertilizer refers to the plant and/ /Or animals, after fermentation and rotten, are carbon -containing materials that provide plant nutrients into their main effects.

(6) Refined Organic fertilizer refers to commercial organic Fertilizers that are produced by factory -produced and does not contain specific Fertilizer effect microorganisms.

(7) Reproductive Fertilizer refers to at least two kinds of nutrients with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with at least two kinds of nutrients, which are based on chemical methods and/ /Or physical processing.

(8) Compound fertilizer refers to compound hybrid Fertilizer made of only chemical methods.

Article 36 The "illegal income" referred to in these Measures refers to the sales income of illegal production and operating Fertilizers.

Article 37 These measures are explained by the Ministry of agriculture.

Article 38 These Measures shall be implemented from the date of release.Ministry of agriculture1989Release year,1997The annual revised "Interim Provisions on the Registration of the Inspection and Registration of Fertilizer, Soil Conditioner and Plant Growth Regulators" was re -revised at the same time.

[Chemical Fertilizer] What are the main components of chemical Fertilizers in Chemical Fertilizer?

What are the main components of chemical Fertilizers

1 , nitrogen fertilizer: Chemical Fertilizer with nitrogen nutrition elements as the main ingredient, including ammonium bicarbonate, Urea, ammonium sales, ammonia, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, etc. Essence

2 , Phosphate Fertilizer: Chemical Fertilizer with phosphate nutrition elements as the main ingredient, including ordinary excess calcium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate Fertilizer, etc. Essence

3 , Potassium fertilizer: Chemical Fertilizer with potassium nutrition elements as the main ingredient. At present, there are not many. The main varieties are potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, etc.

4 , Repeated and mixed Fertilizer: That is, Fertilizer contains two Fertilizer three elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) binary compound, mixed Fertilizer, and trigly compound, mixed Fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Among them, mixed Fertilizer promoted quickly throughout the country.

5 , Trace element Fertilizer and certain medium -sized element Fertilizers: The former is Fertilizer with trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum, manganese, copper, and the latter such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur and other Fertilizers.

6 Followed by some crops: such as steel slag silicon Fertilizer applied on rice, cobalt Fertilizer applied to the bean crops, as well as agricultural rare earths used on sugarcane and fruits.

What are the harmful components in chemical Fertilizers?

1 Damage to crops

Fertilizers are composed of various salt, so these Fertilizers composed of salt categories have been applied for a long time. When Fertilizers enter the soil, they will increase the concentration of soil solutionDo not absorb water from the soil solution, but the water in the cytoplasm is inflated into the soil solution, causing crops to be harmed.Typical examples are crops"Burning seedlings"

After a large amount of pesticides is applied, pesticide residues or deep groundwater are caused, which also causes pollution to water.In recent years, the low price of garlic is because pesticide residues have exceeded standards. Foreign acquirers have canceled acquisitions and caused.We may also be unqualified by what we eat, but the awareness of the domestic people is not so high, and the cost of the test is too high.Ordinary people cannot afford it.

2 Pollution to the environment

Rich nutrition of rivers, lakes, and inland sea.The cause of richer nutritional in the waters is mainly to increase the content of nitrogen and phosphorus in water, so that the algae and other aquatic plants grow too much.

The soil is polluted and the physical properties of the soil deteriorate.Long -term excessive and simply applying chemical Fertilizers can acidify the soil.The ammonia ion of organic and inorganic complexes in the soil solution increased and the ammonia ion increased by organic and inorganic complexes. CA2 As well as MG2 Wait, scattered soil collagen, damage to the soil structure, the landing of the land, and directly affect the cost and quality of agricultural production and crops.

Increased toxic ingredients in food, feed and drinking water.Nitrite biological toxicity is larger than nitrite 5 ~ 10 Double, a combination of nitrite and amine N -Nitukin compound is a strong carcinogen (see N -Nitogen compounds and cancer).The content of nitride in the well or river water in areas with chemical Fertilizers will increase, or even exceed the standard of drinking water.Too much soil with chemical Fertilizers will increase the nitrate content in crops such as vegetables and pastures.The nitrite content in food and feed is too high, which has caused children and livestock poisoning accidents.Chemical Fertilizer also contains other impurities, such as cadmium in phosphorus ore 10 ~ 100ppm , Lead 5 ~ 10ppm These impurities can also cause environmental pollution.

Increased nitrogen oxide content in the atmosphere.The nitrogen fertilizer applied to farmland has a considerable amount of volatilization from the surface of the soil into a gas and entering the atmosphere.A considerable part of the form of organic or inorganic nitrogen enters the soil. Under the action of soil microorganisms, it will be converted into nitrogen and nitrogen oxides from the pumpkin, adsorption state, and water -soluble.To prevent environmental pollution, control and manage chemical Fertilizers used.

Emerging agricultural machinery equipment, replacing traditional manual operations, has the characteristics of high efficiency and convenient carriers to get the love of farmers' brothers!

definition

The seeder refers to the planting machine with crops and seeds as the object. The seeder has the characteristics of uniform seeding, consistent depth, stable lines, good soil covering, saving seeds, and high work efficiency.

Pay attention to the main points

Pay attention to the following points to master the following points:

Before entering the field, clean up the debris in the seed box and the entanglement and soil on the ditch to ensure a good condition. The transmission and rotation parts of the tractor and the seeder will be injected with lubricating oil according to the requirements of the instructions, especially in particular, especiallyBefore each job, pay attention to the lubrication and tension of the transmission chain, and the tightening of the bolt on the seeder;

The rack cannot be tilted. After the seeding machine is connected to the tractor, it must not be tilted. When working, the front and back of the rack should be in a horizontal state;

To do a good job of various adjustments, in accordance with the provisions and agronomy requirements of the instruction manual, the seeding amount, the spacing of the ditch, and the depth adjustment of the ditch to the soil suppression wheels are appropriate;

Pay attention to adding the seeds and add the seeds of the seed box to achieve no small, , and miscellaneous to ensure the effectiveness of the seeds; secondly, the amount of seed boxes should be added to the entrance to the breeding box to ensure the Smooth seeds smoothing the Smooth breeding boxesItems

In order to ensure the sowing quality of the seeder, before the large -scale sowing, you must insist on the trial broadcast for 20 meters to observe the work of the seeder.Ask agricultural technicians, local farmers and other test consultations to confirm the local agronomy requirements, and then plant large -scale seeding;

Pay attention to the uniform speed line, and the agricultural machine handles choose the operation to walk the route. It should be convenient for the addition and mechanical entry and exit. When sowing, pay attention to the straight line forward.

In order to prevent the ditch from blocking, the lifting of the seeding machine should be operated during the travel, and the seeding machine should be lifted when retreating or turning;

Predse the ground first, first sow the ground to avoid rolling the ground, causing deep broadcasts; regular observation, often observing the work conditions of the gaunting device, ditch, coverage, and transmission mechanism during sowing., Covering grass and seeds are not strictly covered, and timely eliminate it.

Adjusting, repairing, lubricating or cleaning up grass, etc., must be carried out after parking;

When the protection of the machine, when the seeding machine is working, it is strictly forbidden to retreat or turn sharply.

Pay attention to the seed box, the seeds in the seed box during operation must not be less than 1/5 of the seed box volume;

When transporting or transferring the block, there must be no seeds in the seed box, let alone other heavy objects.

history

The first seeder was made in Greece in 1636.In 1830, the Russians installed the seedlings on the livestock plow to make a plow broadcasting machine.After 1860, Britain, the United States and other countries began to produce large amounts of animal grain sowers after 1860.After the 20th century, traction and suspension grain seeders appeared one after another, as well as the seedlings using forceful seedlings.In 1958, the first centrifugal seeder appeared in Norway, and various precision seeders gradually developed after the 1950s.

The seeder was introduced in the 20th century, and in the 1960s, it was successfully developed a variety of models such as the suspension grain seeding device, centrifugal seeder, universal rack seeder, and air -suction seeder.Formulator.By the 1970s, two series of sowing plowing machines and grain joint seeding device had been formed and put into production.Various broadcasting machines and acupoints for grains, farming crops, pastures, and vegetables have been promoted and used.At the same time, a variety of precision seeders were successfully developed.

maintenance method

After the seeding season is over, the dust on the seeds is completely cleaned, and the seeds and Fertilizers in the seed box are cleaned.The friction parts and transmission devices of the seeding machine are cleaned, and lubricate, such as the transmission chain, and apply the rust -proof agent after drying.Check the tightness of the connector. If there is a loose, it should be tightened in time.

The exterior and seeding shaft of the gear transmission device of the seeder should be coated to lubricate oil.The springs should be adjusted to a free state of freedom.The sowing machine should be placed in a dry and ventilated warehouse. If it is kept in open -air, the wooden seed box must be covered, and the seeding machine should be matched in two wheels.The frame should also be padded to prevent deformation.The preparation, parts and tools should be stored in the library. After the seeding machine is stored for a long time, it should be maintained early before sowing in the next season.

The metal transmission Tube of the seeder should be removed. Do not deform in the indoor control. Relax the telescopic springs of the ditch.place.The disc truncapus must be decomposed. After cleaning the diesel, reassemble and get the oil. The surface of the inside and outside of the disc is coated with waste oil. It is placed in a dry and covered room.Get up with a wooden board.

If the seedlings or ditch of the seeder, if it is blocked, clay, grass, and seed coverage, it should be excluded in time.Adjusting, repairing, lubricating, or cleaning the seedworm entanglement, etc., must be carried out after parking; when the seeder work, it is strictly forbidden to retreat or turn sharply.The seeds inside should not be less than 1/5 of the seed box volume; when transporting or transferring the blocks, there must be no seeds in the seed box, let alone other heavy objects.The precautions for the use of the seeder are not limited to the above points. Farmers need to be continuously accumulated by reading product manuals and farming practice.

Life

Sowing device is a very common agricultural machinery equipment used in rural areas. As long as it is a equipment, it cannot avoid loss during the use process. So how can we minimize this loss? This requires us to use it in daily use.Do a series of maintenance work before and after.In this way, it can ensure that the equipment can be used normally and allows the service life of the equipment.

Before use: If it is a product of the previous year, you need to check the transmission parts of the gear of the seeder, check whether the parts can operate normally, can be applied to lubricating oil for maintenance, and the spring device corresponding to each component needs to be checked.If there is a loose and more slippery, the user uses the newly purchased products without these operations. It only needs to be assembled;

When used: installation and use according to the technical requirements of the manufacturer, the Fertilizer box should not be loaded. Do not operate vigorously when sowing. It is forbidden to pull down or turn sharply.

After use: thoroughly clean up the Fertilizer box and place the seeder in a ventilated and dry warehouse. If the open -air is kept, the seeder should be covered with operations. To prevent parts from damage, disassembly and keeping can be performed.

A device that allows user income, you can rely on the quality of the equipment itself, and add reasonable operation methods and maintenance methods, so as to ensure the product's maximum effect and increase the service life of the product.

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