[Emergency response] How to distinguish the emergency response level of emergency response level

There are 4 categories of public events divided into 4 categories of natural disasters, accident disasters, public health events, and social security incidents. According to their nature, severity, controllability, and scope of influenceGrade II, large is level III, generally level IV.It is represented by red, orange, yellow and blue.

Specifically, natural disasters mainly include water -drought disasters, meteorological disasters, Earthquake disasters, geological disasters, marine disasters, biological disasters and forest grassland fires, etc.; Accident disasters mainly include various safety accidents, transportation accidents, transportation accidents, transportation accidents, etc.Public facilities and equipment accidents, environmental pollution and ecological damage incidents, etc.; Public health incidents mainly include infectious disease epidemic, group unknown diseases, food safety and occupational hazards, animal epidemics, and other incidents that seriously affect public health and life; societySafety events mainly include terrorist attacks, economic security incidents, and foreign -related emergencies.

Flood prevention and drought

According to the "National Flood Control Emergency Plan", the state's total anti -drought resistance response mechanism is divided into four Levels, the highest level is one level, and the lowest level is level four.The specifics are as follows:

Class I emergency response

One of the following situations is a first -level response:

1. 1.On February 5, 2009, China initiated the emergency response to the first -level drought resistance;

On February 5, 2009, China initiated the first -class emergency response to class drought resistance.

A large flood occurred in a watershed;

2. Multi -waters in multiple watersheds at the same time;

3. The dyke of the important river section of the Great River and Dahe River has a decision;

4. The dam of the important large reservoir;

5. Multiple provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities occur at the same time;

6. Extremely drought occur at the same time in multiple large cities.

Class response action

1. The general commander of the National Defense presided over the merchants, and the general members of the defense participated.It enables the plan approved by the State Council to make a plan for defense, and make corresponding work deployments to strengthen the guidance of flood prevention and drought resistance.In accordance with the provisions of the central condolences and the work group, the working group will be sent to front -line condolences and guide flood prevention and drought resistance.If necessary, report to the central government to study the deployment of flood prevention and drought resistance.The state defense has closely monitor the development and changes of flood conditions, drought and work, do a good job of prediction and forecasting of flood conditions, drought predictions, do a good job of scheduling in key projects, and sending experts to the front line to strengthen technical guidance.The national defense value -added personnel have strengthened the duty, and published the "Flood (Drought) Love Notice" on CCTV every day to report the flood (drought) and measures.The Ministry of Finance provides funding for the disaster area in a timely manner.The National Defense office provides transportation guarantees for the transportation of flood prevention and drought -resistant materials for emergency flood prevention and drought -resistant supplies in the disaster area.The Ministry of Health will timely send the medical and health professional prevention team to the disaster -stricken area to assist in the development of medical treatment and disease prevention and control in the disaster area.Other member units of the State Defense General Defense should do a good job in the division of responsibilities.

2. Relevant watershed flood prevention command agencies dispatch water conservancy and flood control projects in accordance with authority; providing general staff withdrawn from the general general of the country.Spread working groups and expert groups to support local flood resistance and rescue and drought resistance;

3. Relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in the basin flood prevention command agencies, flood control and drought -resistant command agencies of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities start a first -level response.that power.At the same time, the value -added personnel will strengthen the duty, and the main leaders of the flood prevention and drought -resistant command agency will be chaired by the business to mobilize the deployment of flood prevention and drought -resistant work; dispatch water conservancy and flood prevention projects in accordance with permissions; transfer to the people in dangerous areas according to the plan, organize and strengthen the dyke inspection and dyke defenseDefense, timely controlling danger, or organizing strengthening drought resistance.

Flood prevention and drought resistance command agencies of all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities shall report their work to the local people's government and the state's defense.

Class emergency response

One of the following situations is a secondary response:

1. Several provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities under the Central Government at the same time occur at the same time;

2. Big floods occur in a basin;

3. The general river section and the main tributary embankment in the large rivers and rivers and the main tributaries;

4. Generally large and key medium -sized reservoirs collapse;

5. Several provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities occur at the same time;

6. Severe droughts occur at the same time in multiple large -scale cities;

7. Extremely drought in a large cities above.

Class II response operation

1. The deputy commander of the National Defense President presided over the consultation, made corresponding work deployments, strengthened the guidance of flood control and drought resistance, and reported the situation to the State Council's leadership and notified the national general unit.The state defense has strengthened the strength of duty, closely monitor the development and changes of flood conditions, drought and work, and do a good job of prediction and forecasting of flood conditions, scheduling of key projects, and sending work groups and expert groups to frontline to guide flood prevention and drought.The National Defense office issued the "Flood (Drought) Love Notice" on CCTV.The Ministry of Health sent a medical team to the front line to help medical rescue.Other member units of the State Defense General Defense should do a good job in the division of responsibilities.

2. Relevant watershed flood prevention command agencies closely monitor the development of flood and drought development, do a good job of forecasting and forecasting of floods, and send working groups and expert groups to support local flood resistance and drought resistance; dispatch water conservancy and flood prevention projects in accordance with permissions;Opinion.

3. Relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities may announce the region to enter the emergency flood prevention period in accordance with the situation according to the situation and exercise relevant power.At the same time, the value -added personnel strengthen the duty.The responsible comrades of the flood prevention and drought resistance command agencies presided over the merchants, and specifically arranged the flood prevention and drought resistance work, and dispatched water conservancy and flood prevention projects in accordance with the authority, and organized defense inspections in accordance with the plan, timely control the danger, or organize the drought resistance.The person in charge of the flood prevention and drought resistance command agencies and members of the flood prevention and drought resistance of the affected areas shall conduct direct flood prevention and drought resistance to regional organizations in charge in accordance with their duties.The relevant provincial flood control and drought resistance command institutions shall report their work to the main leaders of the local people's governments and the general general of the country.The members of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government are working hard to do a good job of flood prevention, drought, drought, drought resistance and disaster relief.

Class III emergency response

Those who appear in the following situations are three Levels of response:

1. Floods and flood disasters occur at the same time in several provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities;

2. Large floods occur in the province, autonomous region, and municipalities;

3. There is a major dangerous situation in the Dajiang Dahe dry flow;

4. There is a serious danger of large and medium -sized reservoirs;

5. Drought disasters occur at the same time in several provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities;

6. Moderate drought occur at the same time in multiple large cities;

7. Severe drought occurred in a large city.

Class III response action

1. The Secretary -General of the National Defense Presides the business, make corresponding work arrangements, closely monitor the development of floods and drought conditions, strengthen the guidance of flood prevention and drought resistance, and report the situation to the State Council and notice the national members of the State Council.The National Defense office sent a working group and expert group to guide local flood prevention and drought.

2. Relevant basin flood control command agencies strengthen the surveillance of flood (drought), strengthen the forecast of flood forecasting, do a good job of relevant engineering scheduling, and send the working group and expert group to the front line to assist in flood control and drought.

3. Relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of flood prevention and drought resistance command institutions will start three -level response, and the responsible comrades of the flood control drought resistance command institutions chaired the provider to discuss flood control and drought resistance.Organize drought resistance, send a working group and expert group to the front line to help the flood prevention and drought resistance work, and report the work of flood prevention and drought resistance to the local people's governments in charge of leadership and national defense.Provincial flood prevention command institutions issued the "Flood (Drought) Inspection Statement" on provincial television stations.The health department organized a medical team to go to the front line to carry out health prevention work.

IV emergency response

Those who appear in the following situations are a level four response:

1. Divided provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities at the same time occur at the same time;

2. Mild drought occur at the same time in several provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities;

3. Dangerous emotions in the Dajiang Dahe dry flow;

4. Dangerous situation in large and medium -sized reservoirs;

5. Multiple cities above large -scale or more at the same time have influenced water supply at the same time.

IV level 4 response action

1. Deputy Director of the National Defense office presided over the consultation, make corresponding work arrangements, strengthen the monitoring of floods and droughts and guidance to flood control and drought -resistant work.

2. Relevant watershed flood control command agencies strengthen flood and drought monitoring, do a good job of forecasting of floods, and timely reporting the situation to the State General office in a timely manner.

3. Relevant provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of flood control and drought resistance command institutions are responsible for comrades in charge of flood control and drought resistance command agencies to host the providers and arrange for flood control and drought resistance.I went to the front line to guide the flood prevention and drought resistance work, and reported the work of flood prevention and drought resistance to the local people's government and the National Defense office.

highway

Regarding emergencies such as road traffic accidents, dangerous chemical leaks, severe weather, natural disasters, etc., and caused high -speed road traffic interruptions and vehicle retention, the emergency response mechanism was divided into four Levels.

First -level response

For road traffic interruptions for more than 24 hours, causing vehicles to retention seriously affecting the traffic of highways in more than 3 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in adjacent.

Secondary response

Road traffic interruptions for more than 24 hours, causing vehicles to stay involved in two or more provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) highways through the secondary response;

Three -level response

The road traffic interruption for more than 24 hours, causing the vehicle's retention to affect the province (autonomous region, municipality) in more than 3 cities in the jurisdiction of the city under the jurisdiction of the city.

Level 4 response

The interruption of road traffic for more than 12 hours, causing vehicles to stay in two or more highways in the area under the jurisdiction of two or more prefectures.

Avian influenza epidemic

According to the Ministry of agriculture's autumn and winter in the fall and winter of 2005, the emergency implementation plan of high -pathogenic bird flu, when a sudden high pathogenic bird flu epidemic occurs, the county -level, prefecture -level, provincial people's governments and relevant departments of the incident should occur.According to the level of different high pathogenic avian influenza, the relevant plans are started to make different emergency responses.

Class I emergency response

specialDo not seriously highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic (level I) emergency response includes: after confirming the particularly serious high pathogenic bird flu epidemic, the Ministry of agriculture issued a red warning to the country, and promptly proposed to the State Council to start the whole country to start the whole country nationwideSuggestions for emergency plans, and suggested that the State Council initiated the emergency response mechanism, unified leadership and command of the extinguishing work of high -pathological bird flu epidemic.At the same time, local veterinary administrative departments organized animal epidemic prevention supervision agencies to conduct investigation and treatment of sudden high pathogenic bird flu epidemic.

Class II emergency response

The emergency response of severe diseases (level II) epidemic (level II) includes: the veterinary administrative department of the provincial people's governments confirmed the epidemic of severe sudden high pathogenic avian influenza and reported the epidemic to the Ministry of agriculture.At the same time, quickly organize relevant units to carry out emergency response work of the epidemic.The Ministry of agriculture strengthened the supervision of emergency treatment of provincial veterinary administrative departments for emergency treatment of high -pathological bird flu epidemic, and organized relevant experts to assist in the emergency response of the epidemic according to needs; and instructed the situation to relevant provinces in a timely manner to issue an orange warning to the country.

III level emergency response

The emergency response of the heavier sudden and high pathogenic bird flu epidemic (III level) includes: the veterinary administrative department of the people (city) level people's governments confirmed the more severe sudden high pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, and in accordance with regulationsReport and deal with the local people's governments, provincial veterinary administrative departments and the Ministry of agriculture.The veterinary administrative department of the provincial people's government shall strengthen the supervision of the emergency treatment of the epidemic in the epidemic occurrence, and organize the experts to provide technical guidance and support to the local epidemic emergency treatment work in a timely manner, and issue a notice to the relevant regions of the province.

IV emergency response

The emergency response of the general high pathogenic bird flu epidemic (IV level) includes: the veterinary administrative department of the county -level people's government to confirm the general sudden high pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, and to the people's governments and the people's governments and the people's governments andReport from the Administrative Department of the previous veterinarian.The veterinary administrative department of the prefecture -level people's government shall organize experts to conduct technical guidance to the emergency treatment of the epidemic.The veterinary administrative department of the provincial people's government shall provide technical support as needed.

Public sanitation

According to the nature, degree of harm, and scope of emergencies, public health events are divided into particularly important (level I), large (level ), larger (level III), and general (level ) level four.

Class I emergency response

(1) lung

Plague and anthrax occur in large, medium cities and diffusion trends, or pelvic plague and anthracnose epidemic affected more than two provinces, and there is further diffusion trend.

Interpretation: More than 1 case of pulmonary plague occurred in urban areas in municipalities, provincial capitals, and national planning cities or more or more.Disease connections, the following) cases occur in more than two provinces.

(2) Infectious and atypical pneumonia, human infection with high pathogenic avian influenza, and there is a trend of diffusion.

Interpretation: More than 1 case of infectious and atypical pneumonia occur; or more than 2 cases of epidemiological associated with epidemiology infection with high pathogenic avian influenza; or in an administrative area of a county (city)Cases of high pathogenic bird flu.

(3) A group of unknown diseases involved in multiple provinces and has a diffusion trend.

Interpretation: In two weeks, there are unknown diseases with the same clinical manifestations of two or more provinces within two weeks, and death cases have occurred. The number of cases continues to increase or the scope of the epidemic area is continuously expanded.After investigation by the national health administrative department, the reason is still unknown.

(4) New infectious diseases or infectious diseases that have not been discovered in my country have occurred or transmitted, and there is a trend of diffusion, or infection diseases that have been eliminated in my country have become popular.

Interpretation: Infectious diseases that have been discovered for the first time in the world and confirmed by the World Health Organization in my country, new cases are constantly occurring in the short term, or death cases have occurred; The number of numbers or the scope of the epidemic area is continuously expanded; or the cases of smallpox and spinal cord inhale in China that have been destroyed in my country.

(5) Lost incidents such as fierce strains, strains, pathogenic factors, etc. occur.

Interpretation: The first type of pathogenic microorganisms stipulated in the "Regulations on the Management of Pathogen Microbiology Laboratory", as well as ever loss of other intense pathogenic factors, has already caused serious health hazards to the crowd.

(6) The surrounding area and the countries and regions that are navigable to my country have occurred in the extensive infectious disease epidemic, and input cases have occurred, which seriously endangers the public health and safety of my country.

Interpretation: A major infectious disease epidemic occurred in the surrounding countries and countries and regions that are navigable to my country, and input cases occurred. The assessment of experts organized by the State Council's health administrative department organized an incident that seriously endangered my country's public health and safety.

(7) Other special major public health events identified by the health administrative department of the State Council.

Interpretation: The health administrative department of the State Council is determined that according to the nature of the incident, the time, the crowd involved, and the scope of the social impact, it is determined that it is a particularly major public health incident.

Class II emergency response

One of the following situations is a major public health incident (level II):

(1) In a county (city) administrative area, more than 5 cases of lung plague and anthracnose are occurred during an average incubation period (6 days); or the related epidemic affects more than two counties (cities).

Interpretation: In a county (city) administrative area, a total of 5 cases of lung plague or anthurium within 6 days reached more than 5 cases. If the case of the case is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevailOr the lung anthrax epidemic occurs in more than two counties (cities).

(2) Infectious and atypical pneumonia, suspected cases of pneumonia in infection with high pathogenic bird flu.

Interpretation: More than 1 case of infectious atypical pneumonia occurred in a province, or more than 1 case of people infected with high pathogenic avian influenza suspected or confirmed cases.

(3) The epidemic of gonad plague occurs. In an administrative area of a city (place), more than 20 consecutive patients with average incubation period in one period of an average incubation period, or the epidemic range affects two listed (places).

Interpretation: Gland plague is popular. In an administrative area of a city (local), multiple epidemic points appear within 6 days (centered on the residence of the plague patient, the neighbors or tents that may be contaminated around them)Above the example.If the incidence of cases is not clear, the total number of cases of cumulative cases in the latest process shall prevail; or the associated adenoid epidemic occurs in two listings (places) in two listings.

(4) Chilen is popular in an administrative area of a city (local), and more than 30 cases of disease occur within 1 week, or affect two listed (places), and have a diffusion trend.

Interpretation: The cholera is popular in an administrative area in a city (local). There are more than 30 cases of diseases in 7 days. If the case of the case is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail;(Land) All cases occur and continue to occur.

(5) Class B and C infectious diseases spread to more than 2 counties (cities), and the level of onset of the disease within one week exceeds the average level of the disease in the first five years.

Interpretation: In the absence of data on the average level of onset of the first five years, the experts of health administrative departments at or above the provincial level will organize experts to determine the nature, the degree of harm, and scope of the incident.

(6) Infectious diseases that have not been discovered in China have occurred or introduced, and they have not yet caused diffusion.

Interpretation: China has not found that infectious diseases refer to infectious diseases that have been discovered in other countries and regions in other countries and regions in other countries and regions that have not been discovered in my country.

(7) Diseases of unknown groups occur to areas outside the county (city).

Interpretation: In a county (city) administrative area, groups of unknown diseases occurred. Cases of death occurred and spread to other counties (cities). After investigation by the health administrative department at or above the provincial level, the reason was still unknown.

(8) Entering major medical -derived infection incidents.

Interpretation: Medical infections (including Hospital infections) of the same type of homologous, more than 5 cases of cases may directly cause more than 3 deaths.

(9) Personal deaths in vaccination or group preventive medication.

Interpretation: During the occurrence of death cases related to vaccination or group prevention of group prevention, the reason for the identification of experts to organize experts by the health administrative department at or above the provincial level was caused by vaccination or group prevention of group prevention.

(10) The number of food poisoning exceeds 100 people and death cases, or more than 10 cases of death occur.

Interpretation: One food poisoning refers to the same exposure history. Eat foods contaminated with biological, chemical, toxic and harmful substances, or eaten acute and sub -acute food -oriented diseases after foods contaminated with toxic and harmful substances.Essence

(11) More than 50 people with acute professional poisoning at a time, or more than 5 people.

Interpretation: One acute career poisoning refers to acute professional poisoning with the history of exposure of the same occupational hazard. The following is the same.

(12) Hidden transportation, mailing martyrs, and biological toxins at home and abroad cause people infection or death in our domestic personnel.

Interpretation: Due to the first type of pathogenic microorganism, or fierce biological toxins stipulated in the "Regulations on the Regulations on the Management of Biological Safety Management in the pathogenic microorganisms in the pathogenic microorganisms" at home and abroad, it has caused people to be infected or died in infection or death in domestic people.

(13) Other major public health events identified by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level.

Interpretation: The health administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level is determined that it is a major public health incident based on the nature of the incident, the time, the crowd involved in the people involved, and the scope of the social impact.

Class III emergency response

One of the following situations is a larger public health incident (level III):

(1) Cases of plague and lung anthracnose occurred. The average number of cases in a average incubation period did not exceed 5 cases, and the popular scope was within an administrative area of a county (city).

Interpretation: In a county (city) administrative area, a total of 5 cases of lung plague or anthurium within 6 days are below 5 cases.If the case of the case is not clear, the total number of cases accumulated in the latest process of the incident shall prevail.

(2) The occurrence of plague plague is popular. In an administrative area of a county (city), more than 10 consecutive diseases occur during an average incubation period, or more than two counties (cities).

Interpretation: Gland plague is popular. In a county (city) administrative area, more than 10 cases of diseases occur within 6 days. If the cases of cases are not clearly distributed, the total number of cases of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail;There are cases in more than two counties (cities).

(3) Chilen occurred in an administrative area of a county (city), and 10-29 cases occurred within 1 week, or affected the urban areas of more than 2 counties (cities), or cities at or above the city (prefecture) for the first time.

Interpretation: In an administrative area of a county (city), there are 10-29 cases of cholera within 7 days. If the case of the case is not clear, the total number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail;All counties (cities) have occurred; or urban areas at or above the city (prefecture) or above occurred for the first time.

(4) In a county (city) administrative area within a week, the level of infectious diseases in Class B and C exceeds the level of the average incidence of the same period of more than 5 years.

Interpretation: In the absence of data in the first five years of weekly onset, temporarily follow the following standards:

1. Dyntheum, hepatitis A, typhoid fever and typhoid fever, measles: In a county (city) administrative area, more than 100 cases of the same incident have been cumulative; or more than 10 cases of diseases occur and death cases occur.

2. Streaming brain and hemorrhage fever: In a county (city) administrative area, more than 10 cases of the same incident occurred in the same incident, and death cases occurred.

3. Influenza: In a county (city) administrative area, more than 500 cases of the same incident have more than 500 cases.

(5) Finding unknown diseases in an administrative area in a county (city).

Interpretation: Find groups of unknown diseases in an administrative area in a county (city), and cases of death occur. After investigation by the health administrative department at or above the provincial level, the cause is still unknown.

(6) The number of food poisoning exceeds 100 or deaths.

(7) Prevention of vaccination or group preventive medication occurs due to group heart response or adverse reactions.

Interpretation: Prevention or group preventive medication response or adverse reactions due to the occurrence of group heart -seeking or adverse reactions, and was identified and confirmed by the provincial health administrative department to organize experts.

(8) 10-49 people with acute career poisoning at a time, or less than 4 deaths.

(9) Other large -scale public health events identified by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the city (prefecture).

According to the nature of the incident, the time, the time, the crowd, and the scope of social impact, the people's government at or above the city (prefecture) and above determined that it was a larger public health incident.

IV emergency response

One of the following situations is general public health events (level IV):

(1) Gonades occurred in an administrative area of a county (city), and the average number of cases of cases in a average incubation period did not exceed 10 cases.

Interpretation: The occurrence of plague plague is popular. In a county (city) administrative area, less than 10 cases of disease occurred within 6 days. If the cases of cases are not clearly distributed, the total number of cases accumulated in the latest process of the incident shall prevail.

(2) Chilen occurred in a county (city) administrative area, and less than 9 cases of disease occurred within 1 week.

Interpretation: In an administrative area of a county (city), the cumulative disease of cholera within 7 days is less than 9 cases. If the case of cases may not be clearly distributed, the total number of cases of cumulative cases in the latest process shall prevail.

(3) The number of food poisoning is 30-99 people, and there are no death cases.

(4) There are no death cases in the occurrence of acute professional poisoning at one time.

(5) Other general public health events identified by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level.

Interpretation: Class B and C infectious diseases are in line with the "Standards for the Management of Information Report Management of National Urchitits" reporting standards, but events that have not met the III standards are set as general events (level IV).Other infectious diseases: Classification can be made with reference to the incident of infectious diseases of the aes C.

The health administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level determines that the incident, the time, the crowd involved, and the scope of the social impact are determined that it is a general public health incident.

What kind of items should be prepared in the Earthquake emergency package ""

Outdoor event accident emergency "" "" "

1. Do you want to wash the Beach towel?

need.

beach towels are private items. Pay attention to cleaning and hygiene.First of all, the beach towels of different people must be separated and cannot be mixed, because the Beach towel is directly exposed to the Skin. Each person is different. If it is mixed, it may cause cross -bacterial infection and not hygienic.After that, be sure to clean and dry it, because the beach environment is relatively dirty. Although the Beach towel is more resistant to dirt, it will inevitably stick to a lot of dirt, especially when the Beach towel is paved on the ground, it may still be covered with sand, so after washing, you must have to be washed after washing.Wash it immediately and dry it in time.

2. How to wash the Beach towel sticky sand

After the Beach towel is used on the beach, because the sand on the beach is relatively humid, it is easy to dip the Beach towel under the sun exposure. It is not easy to wash when cleaning. So how to clean the Beach towel?

1. Rinse the washing powder with warm water, soak it in the Beach towel for 15 minutes, then rub it with your hands, apply more laundry powder at the place where you have sand, and rub the sand and stains hard.

2. Soak the first half an hour with salt water, then put it in water, and add a neutral detergent for cleaning.

3. Put the Beach towel in hot water for 20 seconds, then quickly remove it, soak it in ice water for 10 seconds, take it out and twist, and take the sand with your hands.

4. Soak the Beach towel in the water with a little edible salt and vinegar. Do not put the washing agent. Pull the two ends of the Beach towel with both hands and pull the Beach towel to open a certain length, but do not excessively force.Shake a few more in the water, the sand will shake automatically.

The cleaning of the Beach towel is very important. After all, you need to lie directly on it. Make sure to dry it in time after cleaning, otherwise you may have a odor.

kumquat is a plant under the genus of Ratoscopy, also known as golden dates, golden citrus, and little oranges.Originally distributed in the southeast coastal provinces, especially in Guangdong, the oldest history of planting and consumption of golden citrus is the oldest hometown of kumquats.In addition, South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are also widely cultivated.

kumquat is an evergreen shrub.3 meters high, generally no thorns, green branches green, there are many branches when nutritional; leaf lanceolate to oblong, 5-9 cm long, full, petiole is slightly wings; flowers small, white, aroma, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3, 1-3Blossoms, petals 5, stamens 20-25, and 5 rooms; fruit oval or ovate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, golden yellow; fruit spherical is Japanese kumquat.Appreciate the leaves, fruits, or the production of orange cakes for the production of fruits. After the potted plants, it is well managed, and the grafting method is used.A small golden orange that can settle more than 10, and the spring Festival is generally exported to Hong Kong, which is very popular with Hong Kong people.

Morphology

Short or small trees, 3 meters high, evergreen without thorns and branches.

leaf

kumquat's leaves are lanceolate to round torque, 5-9 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, full or unknown fine serrated, dark green on the surface.bright.The back of the back is green and there are scattered glands; the petiole has narrow wings, and the joints are located at the border of the blade.Single flowers or 2-5 flowers are gathered in leaf axils with short handles.

flower

kumquat's flowers are neat, white, aromatic; sepals 5; petals 5 mm, about 7 mm long, and 20-25 mm in stamens, which are combined with several bouquets to different degrees; pistils are born on the slightly rising flower plate.fruit round or ovate, golden yellow.The meat is thick and thick, Smooth, with many glands and fragrance.4 5 meat.

seed

seed oval spherical

Breeding method

Kumquats are grafted and reproduced.The rootstock is citrus, lime or sowing real seedlings. The grafting method has branches, buds, and reliance, and branches.The buds are carried out in June-September, and potted plants are commonly used by connection, which are carried out in April-July.

How to breed kumquats

1. Moderate light

kumquat -sex warm and humid climate,

Put in a sunny place when maintenance.If the light is insufficient and the environment shade, it will often cause the branches and leaves to be long, and there are fewer flowers.Because kumquats are cool in summer, or in summer, it is better to put it on the shade at this time.

It is advisable to refuse to freeze in winter.If the room temperature is too high and the plants cannot be fully dormant, the growth of the following year is weak, and it is easy to fall into the bud.

2,Cleverly

Pruning is an important technical measure to make kumquat flowers.In order to make the tree -shaped shape and many results, before the start of the sap up every year, the spring buds have been re -pruning when they have not germinated, cut off the dead branches, diseases and insect branches, dense branches, and long branches, and retaining 3 to 4 heads of age and robustness.The proportioned branches are separated, each branches only leave only 2 to 3 buds at the base, and the rest are cut off.This can germinate more than 10 full spring slightly.When the new is slightly longer to 15-20 cm, topping is made to make the plant shape plump. At this time, the speed -effective phosphorus Fertilizer is applied to promote the differentiation of flower buds.When blooming, it should be appropriately sparse to save nutrients.

After having young fruit, when the young fruit grows to about 1 cm in size, it can be carried out with 2 to 3 fruits per plant, and each branch of the weak branches keeps one fruit and makes the whole plant uniform.Cut the autumn a little in time, and do not make the second result, consistent with the size and maturity of the fruit, and increase the value of ornamental.

3. Apply full Fertilizer

Kumquats are like Fertilizer. When potted plants, 4 parts of corruption, 5 parts of sand, 5 parts of sand, and 1 cake Fertilizer are mixed with cultivation soil.When changing the basin, apply the hoof slices or rotten cake Fertilizer as the base Fertilizer on the bottom of the pot.From the beginning of the new buds to the beginning of flowering, you can apply the rotten light sauce dregs every 7 to 10 days to pour alum Fertilizer several times.

After the summer, we should apply more phosphate Fertilizer to facilitate pregnancy and results.As a result, fertilization should be suspended in the early stage. When the young fruit grows to about 1 cm, it can continue to apply liquid Fertilizer once a week until the end of September.

4. Water water

Kumquats are moist but avoid water, and the pot soil is too wet to rot.Therefore, it is better to keep the pot soil moist during the fertility.spring is dry and windy.Spray water once a day to increase the humidity of the air.Spray water 2 to 3 times a day in summer and spray water on the ground.But avoid spraying during flowering to prevent rotten flowers and affect the results.

The rainy season should be dumped in the basin in time to avoid rotten roots.When placing outdoors in summer, it is best to use bricks to pad the Flower pot to facilitate drainage.The requirements of kumquat white flowers to the young fruit period are more sensitive to moisture.At this time, the pot soil is too dry, and the stem stems and the fruits are easy to produce off the layer and fall off; excessive watering, the poor water permeability of the pot soil, and it is also easy to cause falling flowers and fruits.Therefore, at this time, it is advisable to make the pot soil keeping the semi -tadpole.

5. Treatment of insect pests

Many years of practice has proved that kumquats have not found diseases, only Huangfeng Butterfly (also known as citrus phoenix butterfly) harm.So don't think kumquats are harmful.becomeThe insect body is 30 mm long, the wings are 100 mm, yellow -green, and the back has a large black longitudinal pattern.The front wing is one day, 6 posterior wings.The egg is spherical, with a diameter of 1 mm, yellow and white.The larvae feed the new leaves, and the daytime eating and night eating can easily cause kumquat leaves to lack or glow.

The governance of this insect pest: spray 50%of the larvae to kill the pine 1000 times liquid or 80%of the dichlorvos of 1000 times liquid, capture insecticidal pupae outside the branch.

6. Disease prevention and treatment

Ulcer disease

Harmly leaves, branches slightly harmonious fruit, causing fallen leaves and falling fruit, and the back of the leaves starts with yellow stains.

The spots gradually expanded in the future, raised on both sides, rough and lignified, in the middle of the cracked, finally gray -brown, ulcer -shaped, yellow halo rings around them, severe cases caused by fallen leaves, and ulcer germs spread with the wind and rain.20 to 30 C and moist climate are the most serious.

Control measures:

(1) Reasonable fertilization.Prevent new leaves from growing too fast and enhance disease resistance.

(2) Drug prevention:

First, use 0.25 kg of copper sulfate, 0.5 kg of lime, and 50 kg of water with water spray into Bordeaux.

Second, spray with 600 times the ammonium ammonium.

Third, 600 times with antibacterial special.

Fourth, spray 800,000 units (that is, about 100 kilograms of water) spray.

anthrax

Harmly symptoms: Anthrahumin is harmful to leaves, branches, and fruits, and in severe cases, the branches are slightly dry and fruitful.The harm of the seedlings will cause the branches and leaves, and the whole plant will dry out in severe cases.This disease generally occurs at kumquat bases.

Control measures:

(1) Strengthen cultivation management, strengthen tree momentum, increase Organic fertilizer and Potassium fertilizer, do a good job of weeding of pine soil in the orange garden, and maintain moderate wet and dry.

(2) Clear, disease leaves, sick branches, etc.

(3) 5%to 800 times with 5%Domori ammonium.Or antibacterial special 600 times spray.Spray once every 10 days apart, and twice continuously.

The effect and role of kumquat

1. Observation value

kumquat fruit is golden and fragrant, and the fruit Hanging time is long.

It is excellent fruit watching flowers.It should be used as potted plants and bonsai, and its taste is sweet and sour, and it has multi -nutritional value.Warm it in the south, and its fruit trees are also planted.Potted kumquats are green in the four seasons, with lush branches and leaves.summer flowers, colorful and white, the aroma is far away.In autumn and winter, it is cooked or yellow or red, embellished in green leaves, which can be described as Bitao Gold Pills, supporting Shouyong, and high ornamental value.

2,Edible value

Kumquats are not only beautiful, but also rich in ingredients such as vitamin C and kumquats, which have a certain effect on maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing diseases such as vascular sclerosis and hypertension.As a health care product, kumquat honey crickets can be used for appetizing. Drinking kumquat juice can quench thirst, add radish juice and pear juice to cure cough.The specific edible value is as follows:

Kumin has a good effect on preventing blood vessels from rupture, reducing capillary brittleness and permeability, and slowing blood vessel sclerosis;

kumquat can produce two -way regulation of blood pressure. Hypertension, vascular sclerosis and coronary heart disease are very beneficial;

Kumquett has the effect of qi and depression, eliminating food and chemical phlegm, and has the function of sobering up and sobering;

Frequent kumquats can also enhance the body's cold resistance and prevent colds.

3. health care function

Beauty Skin care

Kumquats can prevent pigmentation, improve Skin gloss and elasticity, slow down aging, and avoid Skin relaxation and wrinkles.

appetizing Shengjin

Kumquats can be appetizing as food therapy health products. Kumquats can appetite. Drinking kumquat juice can quench thirst, add radish juice and pear juice to cure cough.kumquat medicine is sweet and warm, can relieve qi and relieve depression, and reduce phlegm.

Prevent chronic disease

Kumquats have a certain effect on maintaining cardiovascular function and preventing diseases such as vascular sclerosis and hypertension.

precautions for kumquat farming

1. Water spraying in the flowering period should be prevented from sprouting, and water is not sprayed on the open flowers. This is neither conducive to pollination, nor can it cause rotten flowers.

2. Kumquats are warm and humid and sunshine. It has been placed in the insufficient sunlight indoors for a long time. The plant is weak and affects flower bud differentiation and results.

3. kumquat like acidic soil. Potted plants in the north can be poured once a week to taste Fertilizer water, or potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or fertilizes with 200-250 times per week.There are many results.

4. Potted kumquats require proper management of water and Fertilizer.Before the spring bud germination, cut off part of last year, and the robustyone left 2 to 3 buds, and each plant was left with three pruning 1 year -old branches, which is conducive to the germination of spring shoots. When the new buds grow to 15-20 cmfull.When the branches are long, the speed -efficient phosphate Fertilizer is applied, such as calcium phosphate, long -term anti -branches and leaves, and promoting flower bud differentiation and flowering results.At the end of May, the spring shoots were blooming and fruitful. The flowering period should be appropriately sparse. After the fruit, the fruit is weak and sparsely fruit.Cut the autumn shoots in time to prevent secondary results.

How to use Outdoor Sleeping bags

1. Warm up before bedtime

The human body is the source of the calories of Sleeping bags. For example, if you make a small section of warm -up or drink a cup of hot drink before going to bed, it will increase your body temperature to increase and help shorten your sleeping bag warming.Our body can only be more comfortable when we sleep at night.

2. Wear clothes in moderation

Some softer clothes can be used for thickened pajamas. Put the unwavering clothes that are taken off, grow up in the shape of the body, and put it on the side of the body to increase the thickness between the sleeping bag and the Tent.Fill the filling, reduce the speed of temperature loss, and strengthen the warmth of the sleeping bag.It should be noted that in the cold environment, please do not wear a jacket to enter the sleeping bag. It is recommended to wore only underwear to sleep, which will help quickly improve the temperature and sleep comfort in the sleeping bag.

3. maintenance with a front sleeping bag

1-2 days before Outdoor exercise, please stretch your sleeping bag 1-2 days, helping to give full play to his warmth performance in the wild until you leave the sleeping bag into a compressed bag before departure.The water sucking the sleeping bag mainly comes from the human body. Even in the case of extremely cold, the human body will still excrete at least a small glass of water during sleep.After the insulation cotton, the insulation cotton will be bonded and loses elasticity, and the insulation capacity decreases.If the sleeping bag is used for many days, it is best to dry it under the sun.Frequent cleaning Sleeping bags can also keep the insulation cotton elastic.

4. Keep air dry

When Camping in the wild, if time permits, the sleeping bag should be turned off in the morning, placed on the top of the Tent or dry, ventilated, and sunny environment, which helps to dry the sleeping bag, but avoid strong sunlight during the day.

5. Learn to storage

When storing, you can roll the sleeping bag once and squeeze out most of the air.Then spread the sleeping bag and put the sleeping bag irregularly into the compressed bag from the tail.It is not recommended to put it in a compressed bag with rolls, because long -term regular roll collection will cause sleeping bag surface to accelerate the aging due to unevenness.

What common sense should be understood by using Sleeping bags

1. Pay attention to use temperature

Any sleeping bag has a suitable temperature range, and different Sleeping bags have their own "temperature".The general temperature label consists of three data. The minimum temperature refers to the minimum limit temperature used by the sleeping bag, which is dangerous for users.There is also a comfortable temperature, which means that the sleeping bag uses the most comfortable ideal temperature.The other is the highest temperature, which refers to the upper limit of the temperature usage range, which is higher than this temperature. The user will be unbearable.This temperature only has reference significance. Specifically, it will vary from person to person and varies from the environment.Generally speaking, European and American native Sleeping bags are not suitable for Asians in temperature. Because Europeans are higher than Asians in terms of cold resistance, so we must pay special attention when choosing.

2. Pay attention to moisture -proof

Although the sleeping bag fabric has a certain waterproof or waterproof function, if the weather is extremely humid on the way, please seal the sleeping bag with a plastic bag to avoid humid air into the sleeping bag and reduce warmth.When Camping in the wild, the use of moisture -proof pads can effectively separate Sleeping bags from cold and wetlands to prevent Sleeping bags from moisture.

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1. High installation of clothes hooks

1. Xuanguan

You can judge according to your family's height, so that everyone can get items. Generally, it is better at about 1.6 meters.It should not be too low, so you need to bend over with things, and if the clothes and buns are too long, you will mop the floor.

2. bedroom

Like in the porch, the height is more convenient to get items. Now there are coat hooks that can be hung directly at the top of the door, and the door of the bedroom will not be particularly high, so as long as you do not install too low.It is recommended to be a little taller than yourself, so as not to accidentally hit the hook.

3. bathroom

The installation height of the bathroom hook is also very important.Generally speaking, the installation height of the bathroom hook can be determined according to the height of the family, usually with 10 mm on the basis of the minimum member height.Such height will be more convenient when using a coat hook.You can also install the hook on the right side of the mirror to make the towels more comfortable and convenient.

2. How to install the hook

1. Positioning

The installation position of the hook must be determined, including width and height.There are single -clothes hooks and row hooks. When installing a single hook, a few clothes hooks are usually installed into a row of combinations. ThereforeThe width of the installation surface is reasonably calculated, and the distance between the single hook is divided to ensure the beauty after installation.The rowing hook does not have a width trouble. As long as the width of the installation surface is sufficient, it is generally installed in the middle position, so that the distance between the left and right sides is equal.

For height, it refers to the height of the hook from the ground. Generally, the height of the family is used as a reference. It is advisable to be about 1.5 meters to 1.8 meters.Beautiful; if it is too high, you need to stomach or step on a small bench to hang, so it is inconvenient to use.Therefore, the installation position of the positioning hook is very important.

2. Pole

After determining the installation position, it is best to draw the hole position with a marked pen, and how many holes are needed.Then use an electric drill to punch.However, pay attention to the size of the hole, and generally refer to the size of the hole on the hook.

3. Fixed

After the holes, you can put the expansion bolt into, or the wooden pillow, and determine the corresponding bolt according to the material of the coat hook.Then align the hook to the bolt, and finally use the screw to tighten and fix it.However, when the screws are screwed, pay attention to the flatness of the hook, which must be kept horizontal with the ground, and it must not be skewed, otherwise it will affect the effect of the clothes hook and the beauty of installation.